Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is an uncommon systemic disorder with a highly variable course. A 17-year-old woman recently presented with a 1-month history of depression, weight loss, chest wall tenderness, hoarseness, and dysphagia. Physical examination revealed cachexia, low-grade fever, pharyngeal erythema, and tenderness of the right auricle, anterior chest, cricothyroid cartilage, and both knees. Laboratory studies included a hematocrit of 34% and a sedimentation rate of 50 mm/hr. Initial improvement on oral corticosteroids was followed by respiratory distress. At that time calcified tracheal cartilage, subglottic stricture, and a saddle nose deformity were present. Despite therapy with steroids, dapsone, and pulse cyclophosphamide, the respiratory distress reoccurred, eventually necessitating tracheostomy. Tracheal cartilage biopsy confirmed the presumptive diagnosis of RP. Bilateral auricular chondritis developed after initial presentation, as did acute vertigo. Although seen in all age groups, less than 10% of cases of RP are seen in children and adolescents. Auricular chondritis (89% of all cases), inflammatory asymetric arthritis (81% of all cases), nasal chondritis (72% of all cases), respiratory tract chondritis (56% of all cases), and audiovestibular abnormalities (46% of all cases) were present in our patient. Relapsing polychondritis may follow a slowly evolving or rapidly progressive course. Appropriate diagnosis and aggressive therapy are recommended to lessen the morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Relapsing polychondritis in an adolescent. 260 58

High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is used in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) to avoid high airway pressures and barotrauma. This study was designed to find rational strategies to regulate oxygenation and alveolar ventilation at HFJV and to determine appropriate monitoring methods. Seven dogs were subjected to total lung lavage with saline to induce RDS. PEEP was increased at conventional intermittent positive-pressure ventilation until re-expansion was indicated by a PaO2 of 300 torr at an FIO2 of 1.0 HFJV at 4 and 15 Hz was each tried at 0 and 10 cm H2O PEEP. Intermittent low-frequency inflations were also added to HFJV at 0 PEEP. Lung expansion was maintained without circulatory depression by adjustment of minute ventilation (VE) delivered by the HFJ ventilator; external PEEP was a useful complement. PaCO2 was controlled by frequency adjustment. HFJV at 4 Hz resulted in hypocapnia; intermittent low-frequency inflations had no effect. VE monitoring, CO2 elimination monitoring, and PEEP adjustment was done with a standard ventilator during HFJV. This study illustrates that HFJV is efficient in RDS; VE and external PEEP strongly influence oxygenation and may be used to regulate this factor, and frequency affects CO2 elimination, thus suggesting a method of PaCO2 control.
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PMID:Setting and monitoring of high-frequency jet ventilation in severe respiratory distress syndrome. 267 44

Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) was diagnosed on several commercial farms around Harare, Zimbabwe. The affected animals showed signs of fever (40-41.5 degrees C), depression, ruminal stasis, lameness and recumbency. Eight of those attended had severe respiratory distress and subcutaneous emphysema. Haematological and biochemical results indicated leukocytosis with an attending lymphopaenia. Selenium deficiency was detected only in those animals which showed respiratory embarrassment and subcutaneous emphysema.
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PMID:The relationship between selenium deficiency and the development of pulmonary and subcutaneous emphysema in bovine ephemeral fever virus-infected cattle. 274 31

A Leptospira interrogans serogroup australis serovar lora infection in a stud farm is reported. During three successive years (1984-1986) clinical leptospirosis with a severe often rapid, fatal course was seen in 12 foals. Clinical examination revealed severe respiratory distress, depression and pyrexia. Other symptoms were diarrhea (2), jaundice (1), and an unsteady gait (1). Morphological characteristics of the disease were massive pulmonary haemorrhage and haemorrhagic-thrombotic or extracapillary glomerulonephritis with tubulonephrosis and interstitial oedema. In most foals high or increasing MAT titres to serovar bratislava were found; from one foal Leptospira interrogans serovar lora was isolated. Serological examination of all 56 mares at the farm (August 1986) revealed antibodies to serovar bratislava in 64 per cent of the animals. These findings support the idea that Leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava and closely related strains (in this study serovar lora) may be adapted to and maintained by the horse population.
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PMID:Clinical Leptospira interrogans serogroup Australis serovar lora infection in a stud farm in The Netherlands. 278 10

The administration of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells can mediate the regression of cancer. Treatment with IL-2 is associated with significant cardiorespiratory effects, as well as a leaky capillary syndrome requiring careful fluid management. A mild reversible depression of cardiac function is also associated with IL-2 treatment. All patients treated with recombinant IL-2 alone, with transfer of LAK cells, or with cyclophosphamide between December 1984 and September 1987 (total of 423 treatment courses in 317 total patients) were evaluated as to the development of significant cardiorespiratory toxicity. Of the 423 treatment courses, only 1.8% were associated with severe peripheral edema and only 2.8% and 3.1% respectively, were associated with significant ascites or pleural effusions. Thirty-nine of 423 patients (9.2%) had severe respiratory distress and 27 patients required intubation (6.4%). Cardiovascular effects included tachycardia and hypotension requiring vasopressor administration in 65% and intravenous (IV) fluid administration. Weight gain greater than or equal to 10% of body weight was noted in 32% of the 423 patients. Arrhythmias were primarily supraventricular (9.7%) and responded well to conventional medical treatments. Angina or ischemic changes were noted in 2.6% of patients and myocardial infarction in 1.2%. IL-2 caused peripheral vasodilation, with a significant decrease in peripheral vascular resistance (2,254 +/- 398 v 1,303 +/- 351 dyne.s.cm-5, P less than .0001), and an increase in heart rate (66.2 +/- 10 v 104.3 +/- 9.6 beats/min, P less than .0001). There was also evidence of mild cardiac dysfunction, with a significant decrease in the left ventricular stroke work (LVSW) index (P less than .0001) and ejection fraction (LVEF) (from 58% +/- 10% to 52% +/- 9%, P less than .03). A repeat LVEF performed after 1 to 3 months, had returned to baseline values (60% +/- 10%). A mean 64% increase in the rate of disappearance of radioactive iodine (125I) albumin (P less than .05) consistent with the development of a leaky capillary syndrome was noted. Patients with underlying cardiorespiratory diseases may be at greater risk during IL-2 administration and should not be selected to undergo this treatment.
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PMID:Cardiorespiratory effects of immunotherapy with interleukin-2. 278 38

Angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors cross the placenta and modify the maternal, foetal and utero-placental renin-angiotensin system. Eight cases of pregnancy in women taking captopril have been published, 7 other cases being reported in this review paper. There were one spontaneous and 2 therapeutic abortions, one of which disclosed a malformation of uncertain diagnosis and imputation. One intrauterine death at 28 weeks was probably due to the severity of the maternal disease. Two children born to mothers also treated with frusemide died of neonatal anuria. Delivery or caesarean section occurred before term in 8 cases, and there were 3 cases of neonatal respiratory distress with a favourable outcome. Finally, one mother gave birth at term to twins of normal weight. The cases with respiratory distress can be attributed to the mother's hypertension, to prematurity and/or to concomitant treatment with beta-blockers, while the cases with anuria seem to be due to inhibition of the effects of angiotensin on renal haemodynamics, with salt depression as a possible aggravating factor. Treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors does not seem to warrant therapeutic abortion. However, these drugs are contra-indicated in pregnancy and should only be given to women wishing to become pregnant if they present with resistant and dangerous arterial hypertension. A programme of pharmacovigilance is being set up to follow up such pregnancies.
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PMID:[Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme in human pregnancy. 15 cases]. 300 90

Landfill disposal of a fertilizer manufacturing waste product was associated with a die-off of gulls in New Hanover County, North Carolina. An estimated 250 herring and ring-billed gulls were found dead at the site following the initial disposal of this material. Chemical analyses revealed that the fertilizer waste contained predominately calcium (12.0 to 22.2%) and nitrite (3.0 to 15.2%). Contents of the proventriculi and gizzards of dead gulls also contained calcium (3.0 to 10.9%) and nitrite (1,730 ppm). Fertilizer waste administered orally to 16-day-old domestic turkeys resulted in acute, progressive signs of depression, respiratory distress, pallor, convulsions and death. The mean percentage methemoglobin in blood from convulsing turkeys (90.6) was significantly increased from that of normal control turkeys (3.6). The ante-mortem signs and increased blood methemoglobin concentrations in the experimental turkeys support the conclusion that the toxic principle in the fertilizer waste was nitrite, and that nitrite poisoning was the cause of the die-off of gulls.
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PMID:Nitrite poisoning in herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis). 301 49

In respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), PEEP improves arterial oxygenation but may impair cardiac output. The effects of PEEP on gas exchange and hemodynamics were studied in 12 mechanically ventilated newborns in the acute phase of RDS. Stepwise increase in PEEP resulted in both a) a progressive increase in PaO2 and transcutaneous oxyhemoglobin saturation, and b) a depression of pulsed Doppler-measured cardiac output that was statistically significant at 9 cm H2O PEEP. Thus, averaged systemic oxygen delivery (DO2) was maintained with improved arterial oxygenation up to 6 cm H2O PEEP. Further increase in PEEP induced a significant fall in DO2. No variation was observed in heart rate and mean arterial pressure. The combined use of oximetry and pulsed Doppler echocardiography enables noninvasive optimization of mechanical ventilation and PEEP during the clinical course.
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PMID:Optimization of oxygen transport in mechanically ventilated newborns using oximetry and pulsed Doppler-derived cardiac output. 304 99

Little is known of the endorphins' role in sepsis-induced respiratory distress and naloxone's effect as a treatment of it. Thirteen piglets were infused with live Escherichia coli at a rate of 2 to 10 X 10(8) colony-forming units per hour for six hours or until death and were divided into two groups: the septic control group (n = 8), and the naloxone-treated group (n = 5), which received 8 mg/kg/h of naloxone by continuous infusion. Hemodynamic parameters, the intrapulmonary shunt fraction (QS/QT), physiologic dead space (VD/VT), minute ventilation, and blood gas levels were measured. Lung lymph flow was obtained by cannulating the right lymphatic duct. The extravascular lung water weight was also measured. The results showed a significant reduction of QS/QT, VD/VT, and arterial carbon dioxide pressure at one hour and a significant increase of arterial carbon dioxide pressure and minute ventilation at 1, 3, and 4 hours in the naloxone-treated group, compared with the untreated septic group. None of the piglets in the naloxone-treated group developed ventilatory depression, while 75% of those in the untreated septic group did. Among the latter piglets, three died of apnea within one hour. These beneficial effects of naloxone are likely related to its action on the central and peripheral respiratory regulatory mechanisms. A transient protection of the cardiac output and relatively decreased extravascular lung water with naloxone treatment may also, in part, improve the ventilation-perfusion maldistribution and secondarily reduce QS/QT and VD/VT. We conclude that endorphins play a role in septic ventilatory depression and that naloxone is effective in ameliorating it.
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PMID:Prevention of septic ventilatory depression with naloxone. 311 29

In Charles River CFW mice, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) caused lethality with an LD50 of 53.8 mg/kg s.c. In mice pretreated with deprenyl, no lethality occurred with MPTP doses up to 110 mg/kg s.c. MPTP alone at doses of 30 to 90 mg/kg s.c. caused marked salivation, licking and grooming, hyperlocomotion, hyperreactivity and convulsions during the 1st hr, followed by depression, continued salivation and respiratory distress at 2 to 3 hr and at longer times, with death occurring at the higher doses. In deprenyl-pretreated mice, MPTP produced only mild and transient effects. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) was more potent in causing lethality than was MPTP, and deprenyl did not affect its lethality. MPTP lethality was not antagonized by EXP 561 [4-phenyl-bicyclo-(2,2,2)octan-1-amine hydrochloride monohydrate], an uptake inhibitor that prevented the neurotoxic effects of a lower dose of MPTP on striatal dopamine and cortical norepinephrine neurons. In addition to deprenyl, other monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors effective in inhibiting MAO-B (MD 240928 (R-3-[4-((3-chlorophenyl)methoxy)phenyl]-5-[(methylamino)methyl]-2- oxazolidinone methanesulfonate) and pargyline) protected against MPTP-induced lethality, but LY 51641 (N-[2-(o-chlorophenoxy)ethyl]cyclopropylamine hydrochloride) (a selective inhibitor of MAO-A) did not. The protective effect of deprenyl against MPTP-induced lethality was dose-dependent over a dose range of 0.01 to 10 mg/kg; in this range deprenyl inhibited MAO type B (MAO-B) in brain and liver. A 10-mg/kg i.p. dose of deprenyl antagonized MPTP-induced lethality as long as 14 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Deprenyl antagonizes acute lethality of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in mice. 314 9


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