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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antidepressants have been reported to be effective in the treatment of many pain syndromes, for example headache and neuralgia. The pain of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness on small (75 mg per die) dose of imipramine administered additionally to the routine. Conservative treatment of patients with acute low back pain. The analysis of six different indices of improvement revealed, that the outcome of therapy in the group of 50 patients treated with imipramine was significantly better, than in comparable group treated routinely. The effect of imipramine have not been related to the occurrence of depression or to the other factors from anamnesis and physical examination influencing pain.
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PMID:[Value of adjuvant treatment with imipramine for lumbosacral pain syndrome]. 166 4

In this prospective study, predictors of outcome were identified for patients (n = 116) who presented to their family physician with acute mechanical low back pain. Short-term outcome was measured by the number of days lost from work and longer term outcome was measured by disability at the six-week follow-up. Unlike other published work, this study did not find obesity or a history of previous back problems to be related to a poorer outcome from acute episodes of low back pain. Among those patients not involved in manual labor, a history of anxiety or depression was a significant predictor of both greater work loss and longer term disability. Among this same group, cigarette smoking was also found to be related to greater long-term disability from acute low back pain. Further study of this relationship is needed. The number of hours of manual labor performed daily was a strong predictor of poor outcome (both short- and long-term) of acute episodes of low back pain. Among both manual laborers and professional-technical workers, the number of days off work (at bed rest) prescribed by the physician was significantly related to greater absenteeism from work; the physician's diagnosis of an actual or possible disc problem was also related (P less than .05) to greater work loss among manual laborers. Neither of these factors, however, was related to longer term disability.
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PMID:Clinical predictors of outcome of acute episodes of low back pain. 297 13

Thirty-nine patients with acute low back pain were treated with amitriptyline (150 mg/d) or acetaminophen (2,000 mg/d) in a controlled double-blind design for 5 weeks. Both groups revealed mild depression, normal coping, and increased anxiety at the beginning, with significant improvement in anxiety state and pain at the end of treatment. A repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that amitriptyline was more effective than acetaminophen in reducing pain intensity from the second week of treatment. Age and depression were the only significant pretreatment predictors of posttreatment pain. The study evaluates the significance of these findings.
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PMID:The efficacy of amitriptyline and acetaminophen in the management of acute low back pain. 860 Apr 97

Acute low back pain will affect more than 80% of the population, with more than 28% of the industrial workforce suffering from lost work. Acute low back pain is recognized as the third most common illness presenting to private practice groups. The psychosocial overtones of depression and anxiety that often coexist or predate the episode of acute low back pain add to its complexity and cost. Diagnosis and treatment options are reviewed based on the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research recommendations of 1994. This article reviews details of the history and physical with emphasis on the importance of a thorough neurologic and psychologic evaluation. "Red flags" that should warn the clinician of the presence of a more acute illness are discussed with recommendations for referral. The treatment of acute low back pain now centers on increasing mobility and functional use of the spine as soon as possible. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents as well as aspirin and acetaminophen are recommended as first-line drug treatments; they have been found to be equally as effective as muscle relaxants and opioids for the control of pain without the burden of dependence and potential for abuse.
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PMID:Primary care management of acute low back pain. 925 15

Fear-avoidance beliefs have been identified as an important psychosocial variable in patients with chronic disability doe to low back pain. The importance of fear-avoidance beliefs for individuals with acute low back pain has not been explored. Seventy-eight subjects with work-related low back pain of less than 3 weeks'duration were studied. Measurements of pain intensity, physical impairment, disability, nonorganic signs and symptoms, and depression were taken at the initial evaluation. Fear-avoidance beliefs were measured with the work and physical activity subscales of the Fear-avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. Disability and work status were re-assessed after 4 weeks of physical therapy. Patterns of correlation between fear-avoidance beliefs and other concurrently-measured variables were similar to those reported in patients with chronic low back pain. Fear-avoidance beliefs did not explain a significant amount of the variability in initial disability levels after controlling for pain intensity and physical impairment. Fear-avoidance beliefs about work were significant predictors of 4-week disability and work status even after controlling for initial levels of pain intensity, physical impairment, and disability, and the type of therapy received. Fear-avoidance beliefs are present in patients with acute low back pain, and may be an important factor in explaining the transition from acute to chronic conditions. Screening for fear-avoidance beliefs may be useful for identifying patients at risk of prolonged disability and work absence.
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PMID:The role of fear-avoidance beliefs in acute low back pain: relationships with current and future disability and work status. 1157 40

This pilot study examined the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the Chinese version of the Acute Lower Back Pain Screening Questionnaire. A sample of 45 acute low back pain patients (27 men and 18 women; mean age = 47.8) were recruited from the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of the Tuen Mun Hospital in Hong Kong. Three items of the original questionnaire were excluded from the analyses because response was low by 30 of the 45 patients. The questionnaire showed good internal reliability (Cronbach alpha = .88) and correlated significantly with other test scores: the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (alpha = .74), the Chinese (Hong Kong) SF-12 Health Survey (Mental subscale, alpha = -.47; Physical subscale alpha = -.62), and the Chinese Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Anxiety subscale, alpha = .42; Depression subscale, alpha = .43). The questionnaire could be used in research and clinical work to provide data on the multicomponents of a pain experience as well as psychosocial risk factors related to pain among the Chinese. Researchers might examine the course of change in chronic pain.
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PMID:Pilot assessment of pain of orthopaedic patients in Hong Kong. 1594 Nov 30

The present study was undertaken to compare emotional distress and functional ability between two common pain populations--acute jaw pain (JAW; n = 135) and acute low back pain (LB; n = 71). Patient groups were evaluated and compared on a variety of biopsychosocial measures, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI), Characteristic Pain Intensity (CPI), and Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Specific diagnoses were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV)--I and II, and rates of Axis I and II diagnoses in these groups were further compared to base rates in the general population. Additionally, medication usage was evaluated to determine group differences. Results revealed that JAW patients had lower BDI and CPI scores, as well as a higher level of functioning on the Global Assessment of Functioning assessed by the DSM-IV. Both acute pain groups also had significantly more Axis I and II disorders than the general population. Additionally, it was found that the JAW group used more benzodiazepines, while the LB group used more schedule II narcotics. A logistic regression model created from these variables found a six-factor model, composed of the CPI, MPI coping style anomalous, Ways of Coping problem-solving, Global Assessment of Functioning, anxiety disorders, and Cluster C personality disorder diagnoses, that differentiated the JAW from the LB group. Overall, these findings suggest that the differences identified between these two groups should be considered in developing tailored treatments for individuals with acute low back and jaw pain.
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PMID:Emotional distress and medication use in two acute pain populations: jaw and low back. 1712 5

The present study was designed to evaluate the relative degree and type of emotional distress in high-risk acute low back pain (ALBP) subjects (defined as less than 3 months since initial injury) vs. high-risk chronic low back pain (CLBP) subjects (defined as greater than 3 months since initial injury). It is an extension of earlier findings that demonstrated the significant role that such emotional distress may play in the development of CLBP disability if not appropriately treated in the acute phase. This work stems from a conceptual three-stage model, which characterizes the progression from acute to chronic pain. Several psychosocial measures were administered that included information allowing for the classification of subjects as high-risk based upon an earlier developed screening algorithm. The ANCOVA procedure in SPSS was used to compare groups, controlling for gender, ethnicity, and age. Results revealed that CLBP subjects had higher rates of certain measures of emotional distress and depression relative to ALBP subjects. These findings further support the importance of effectively managing emotional distress factors early, when treating musculoskeletal disorders such as low back pain.
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PMID:Psychosocial differences between high-risk acute vs. chronic low back pain patients. 1836 64

For an individual, the functional consequences of an episode of low back pain is a key measure of their clinical status. Self-reported disability measures are commonly used to capture this component of the back pain experience. In non-acute low back pain there is some uncertainty of the validity of this approach. It appears that self-reported assessment of disability and direct measurements of functional status are only moderately related. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated this relationship in a sample of 94 acute low back pain patients. Both self-reported disability and a performance-based assessment of disability were assessed, along with extensive profiling of patient characteristics. Scale consistency of the performance-based assessment was investigated using Cronbach's alpha, the relationship between self-reported and performance-based assessment of disability was investigated using Pearson's correlation. The relationship between clinical profile and each of the disability measures were examined using Pearson's correlations and multivariate linear regression. Our results demonstrate that the battery of tests used are internally reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86). We found only moderate correlations between the two disability measures (r = 0.471, p < 0.001). Self-reported disability was significantly correlated with symptom distribution, medication use, physical well-being, pain intensity, depression, somatic distress and anxiety. The only significant correlations with the performance-based measure were symptom distribution, physical well-being and pain intensity. In the multivariate analyses no psychological measure made a significant unique contribution to the prediction of the performance-based measure, whereas depression made a unique contribution to the prediction of the self-reported measure. Our results suggest that self-reported and performance-based assessments of disability are influenced by different patient characteristics. In particular, it appears self-reported measures of disability are more influenced by the patient's psychological status than performance-based measures of disability.
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PMID:Self-reported assessment of disability and performance-based assessment of disability are influenced by different patient characteristics in acute low back pain. 1985 91

Low back pain is one of the most common conditions encountered in clinical practice and medications are the most commonly used type of treatment. In most patients, low back pain is nonspecific, in that the pain cannot be reliably attributed to a specific condition or abnormality in the back. Although a number of medications are available to treat nonspecific low back pain, selecting a therapy can be a challenge because each one is associated with a unique set of benefits and harms. In addition, the evidence supporting the use of different medications varies, and issues such as costs and patient preferences may also affect treatment choices. A guideline published in 2007 from the American Pain Society and the American College of Physicians on diagnosis and treatment of low back pain includes recommendations on the use of medications, based on the quality of supporting evidence and the estimated magnitude of benefits relative to harms. For most patients with low back pain, regardless of the duration of symptoms, paracetamol (acetaminophen) and NSAIDs are first-line options for pain relief. Opioids are more potent analgesics, but are not a first-line option due to their abuse potential. Skeletal muscle relaxants and benzodiazepines can be used as adjunctive medications for acute low back pain, but have a high incidence of sedation. Tricyclic antidepressants may be an option for chronic low back pain, but their effects on pain appear small or uncertain. Nonetheless, depression is common in patients with low back pain and should be treated appropriately. When choosing medications for treatment of low back pain, practice guidelines provide a useful starting point for making decisions, but clinicians should base therapeutic choices on individualized consideration and discussion with patients regarding the potential benefits and risks.
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PMID:Pharmacological management of low back pain. 2020 83


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