Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mitoxantrone, a new anthracenedione, was administered to thirty-nine patients with relapsed and refractory acute leukemia and to 12 patients with blastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia between August 1981 and September 1984. Eleven patients were not evaluable and 40 were analysed. There were 24 males and 16 females with a median age of 37 yrs (range 6-73 yrs). Three of these were less than 15 yrs and 7 more than 60 yrs. The initial dose employed was 1.9 mg/m2/day X 5. Although eventually a starting dose of 12.3 mg/m2/day X 5 was used, about one half of cases were given more than 5 mg/m2/day X 5 by i.v. bolus. Among 25 patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, there were 4 complete and 6 partial remissions. Among 7 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia there was one complete remission and one partial remission. All patients except one who attained remissions had received prior anthracyclines. One of 8 patients with blastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia had a partial remission. The durations of complete remission were 1, 1, 5+, 13+ and 17 weeks, respectively. Side-effects showed expected bone marrow depression. Mucositis occurred in ten patients. Gastrointestinal symptoms were noted in approximately 50%, but were mostly mild. Mild alopecia occurred occasionally. The trials were too short to allow evaluation of possible cardiac toxicity. These data indicate that mitoxantrone is non-toxic but hematological and a promising single drug for use in treating relapsed and refractory acute leukemia and suggest that further study would be worthwhile in order to identify its role in the first-line therapy of acute leukemia.
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PMID:[Phase II trial of mitoxantrone in patients with relapsed and refractory acute leukemia]. 346 30

Phorate (Thimet), an aliphatic derivative of phosphorus is a highly toxic insecticide. In order to implement the safety measures, the clinical manifestations and cholinesterase (ChE) activity were evaluated before and after 2 weeks of exposure to this insecticide in 40 male formulators. The 2 week's exposure reveal signs and symptoms of toxicity in 60% of the formulators. Gastrointestinal symptoms and lowering of heart rate (bradycardia) were more prominent as compared to the neurological symptoms. A significant depression in plasma ChE activity was observed at the end of 1st week (55%) and 2nd week (71%) as compared to the respective pre-exposure values. A recovery up to 79% of the pre-exposure activity of this enzyme was noticed 10 days after cessation of the above exposure.
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PMID:Clinical effects and cholinesterase activity changes in workers exposed to Phorate (Thimet). 647 Apr 23

We investigated psychologic influences on duodenal ulcer by examining the effect of personality, stress, and mood, measured at diagnosis, on subsequent ulcer healing. Stressful life events, psychopathology (assessed using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), anxiety, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use, and serum pepsinogen I levels were determined immediately after endoscopy showed duodenal ulcer craters in 70 patients with recent onset of symptoms. Endoscopy was repeated following 6 weeks of ranitidine therapy. Six ulcers (8.6%) persisted, and the duodenum remained inflamed in an additional five cases, for a total of 16% with incomplete healing. The only baseline characteristic significantly associated with poor healing was anxiety (p = 0.03 for ulcer persistence, p = 0.02 for incomplete healing). Being in the highest anxiety tertile was associated with a more than fourfold elevation in the risk of incomplete healing (p = 0.02). The association between anxiety and poor healing was not changed by modification of the anxiety score to eliminate gastrointestinal symptom items or by adjustment for serum pepsinogen, sex, or cigarette smoking. Anxiety inhibits the healing of duodenal ulcers treated with adequate antisecretory therapy.
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PMID:Psychologic predictors of duodenal ulcer healing. 883 14

Psychologic factors in functional dyspepsia have been discussed in many previous articles. However, the relationship between depression and functional dyspepsia is still obscure. We investigated the impact of depression on clinical symptoms and gastric dysrhythmia in functional dyspepsia. Thirty-nine patients with functional dyspepsia and 18 healthy subjects were included. Patients were investigated with clinical symptoms assessment, Zung's self-rating depression scale, and electrogastrography. Patients with functional dyspepsia were divided into two groups: 21 patients with depression and 18 patients without depression. The depressed patients had similar total gastrointestinal symptom severity scores compared with the nondepressed patients, but with higher total symptom frequency scores (p < 0.05). With regards to symptoms, the depressed patients had higher abdominal fullness severity and frequency scores and nausea frequency scores. The patients with functional dyspepsia had a lower percentage of normal slow wave in both the fasting and fed states and a higher percentage of bradygastria in the fasting state and tachygastria in the postprandial state (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of bradygastria or tachygastria between the depressed and nondepressed patients. There was no correlation between the specific type of electrogastrographic abnormality and the presence or absence of depression in functional dyspepsia patients.
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PMID:The correlation of depression and gastric dysrhythmia in functional dyspepsia. 1146 39

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) can benefit from various psychological interventions. The main objective here was to define the contribution of a new psychotherapeutic intervention, group counseling psychotherapy, for the management of FGID patients. Secondary aims included validation of new measures for gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life in patients with FGID. Fifty patients seen in a tertiary care center were included in a program of 10 weekly sessions of 2 hr each. Gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life, and psychological conditions were measured before and after treatment by quantitative indices and by qualitative self-analysis. Gastrointestinal index and quality-of-life index were significantly (P < 0.02) improved at the end of the psychotherapeutic intervention (from 77.5 +/- 4.0 to 63.2 +/- 4.3 and from 67.7 +/- 3.9 to 54.9 +/- 3.9, respectively). In a control group of patients observed for a comparable period of time while waiting for the psychotherapy program, gastrointestinal and quality of life indices remained unchanged. The severity of gastrointestinal symptoms and the quality of life deterioration were highly correlated factors (r = 0.8) at entry into the trial, and their improvement with psychotherapy was also correlated (r = 0.6; P < 0.001). Psychological abnormalities were frequent in these patients (anxiety in 31%, somatization in 29%, depression in 26% of the patients). However, no specific disorder could predict the results of the psychotherapeutic intervention. Over the long term (6-24 months after conclusion of treatment), gastrointestinal status, quality of life, and psychological condition were estimated as improved by 53%, 63%, and 67% of the patients, respectively. The gastrointestinal index and quality of life index we developed were validated to detect the disease and to follow its evolution in response to treatment. In conclusion, group counseling psychotherapy offered a significant contribution for the management, improving gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life, of FGID patients. New measures for symptom severity and quality of life are available.
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PMID:Group counseling psychotherapy for patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders: development of new measures for symptom severity and quality of life. 1206 5

The treatment of depression in senile patients with dementia is difficult with the drugs used formerly. The effects of a new anxiolytic drug, tandospirone, were investigated on depression symptoms in nine senile patients with dementia using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) items. Tandospirone improved the symptoms, especially the depressive mood, agitation and anxiety, although a slight gastrointestinal symptom was found in one patient. The findings in the present study may suggest that tandospirone is a useful and comparatively safe drug for depression symptoms in senile patients with dementia.
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PMID:Effect of serotonin 1A agonist tandospirone on depression symptoms in senile patients with dementia. 1240 87

The objective of this study was to determine how depressive symptoms affect autonomic activity during sleep, objective and subjective sleep, and gastrointestinal symptom severity in women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Seventy women who met the Rome II criteria for IBS and 21 healthy volunteers participated. All participants were recruited from the surrounding community. IBS patients were stratified into two groups based on their Beck Depression Inventory II score and 44 IBS patients with depressive symptoms (IBS+DS) were compared to 26 IBS patients without depressive symptoms (IBS-DS). Autonomic activity was measured by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Fifteen-minute segments were selected from a baseline presleep period, stage 2, slow-wave sleep, and rapid-eye movement sleep for heart rate variability spectral analysis. Subjective sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and gastrointestinal symptom severity was assessed by an 18-item questionnaire. The IBS+DS group reported significantly (P < 0.01) more sleep complaints, measured by the PSQI, than the IBS-DS group and healthy controls. The IBS+DS group took significantly (P < 0.05) longer to enter their first rapid-eye movement period than healthy controls. The IBS+DS group reported significantly (P = 0.01) increased gastrointestinal symptom severity compared to the IBS-DS group. There were no significant group differences in autonomic activity during the baseline presleep period or sleep stages. The results demonstrated that IBS patients with significant depressive symptoms had increased gastrointestinal symptom severity, increased sleep complaints, and alterations in sleep architecture compared to healthy controls and IBS patients without significant depressive symptoms.
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PMID:Modulation of sleep quality and autonomic functioning by symptoms of depression in women with irritable bowel syndrome. 1538 54

Aging is unavoidable and natural phenomenon of life. Modern gerontologists are realizing the fact that aging is a disease, which Ayurveda had accepted as natural disease since long. Rate of aging is determined by one's biological, social, lifestyle, and psychological conditions and adversity of which leads to accelerated form of aging (Akalaja jara or premature aging). The aim of this study is to identify potential factors that may accelerate aging in the context of dietry factors, lifestyle and mental makeup. The 120 diagnosed subjects of premature-ageing of 30-60 years were randomly selected in the survey study. Premature ageing was common among females (75.83%), in 30-40 age group (70%), 86.67% were married, had secondary level of education (36.66%), house-views (61.67%), belongs top middle class (58.33%) and engaged in occupations that dominating physical labour (88.33%). The maximum patients are constipated (60%), had mandagni (80%), vata-kapha prakriti (48.33%), rajasika prakriti (58.33%), madhyama vyayama shakti (73.33%), and madhyama jarana shakti (85.83%). Collectively, 43.33% patients were above normal BMI. The more patients had anushna (38.33%) and vishamasana dietary pattern (25.83%), consumed Lavana (88.33%) and Amla rasa (78.33%) in excess on regular basis. Some patients had addicted to tobacco (11.67%) and beetle chewing (5.83%). The maximum patients had no any exercise (79.17%) and specific hobby (79.17%) in their leisure times. Analyzing Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scales revealed that 39.80%, 37.86%, 33.98%, 24.27% and 18.44% patients had insomnia, depression, tension, GIT symptoms and anxious mood respectively. These data suggest that certain social, dietary and lifestyle factors contribute towards accelerated ageing among young individuals.
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PMID:Effect of dietary, social, and lifestyle determinants of accelerated aging and its common clinical presentation: A survey study. 2252 43

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder associated with profoundly impaired quality of life and emotional distress. The management of refractory IBS symptoms remains challenging and non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches have been shown to be effective. We compared brief interventions with biofeedback and hypnotherapy in women referred by their GP with refractory IBS symptoms. Patients were randomised to one of two treatment groups, biofeedback or hypnotherapy, delivered as three one-hour sessions over 12 weeks. Symptom assessments were undertaken using validated, self-administered questionnaires. Two of the 128 consecutive IBS patients suitable for the study declined to consider nonpharmacological therapy and 29 patients did not attend beyond the first session. Of the 97 patients randomised into the study, 21 failed to attend the therapy session; 15 of 76 patients who attended for therapy dropped out before week 12 post-therapy. The mean (SD) change in IBS symptom severity score 12 weeks post-treatment in the biofeedback group was -116.8 (99.3) and in the hypnotherapy group -58.0 (101.1), a statistically significant difference between groups (difference=-58.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] for difference [-111.6, -6.1], p=0.029). In 61 patients with refractory IBS, biofeedback and hypnotherapy were equally effective at improving IBS symptom severity scores, total non-gastrointestinal symptom scores and anxiety and depression ratings during 24 weeks follow-up. Biofeedback may prove to be the more cost-effective option as it requires less expertise.
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PMID:Randomised controlled trial of brief intervention with biofeedback and hypnotherapy in patients with refractory irritable bowel syndrome. 2351 85

Objective Gender differences, including differences in the prevalence, subtypes and the effectiveness of treatment, are generally recognized in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Although serotonin type 3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonists appear to be more effective in women with diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS-D) than they are in men, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. The aim of the present was to investigate the gender differences in 5-HT signaling. Methods The subjects were selected from outpatients with IBS-D and healthy controls. Their rectal mucosal S100A, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and 5-HT transporter (5-HTT, SERT, SLC6A4) mRNA expression levels were measured. Clinical symptoms were evaluated using the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) and the self-rating depression scale (SDS). Results The study population of 100 subjects included 47 IBS-D patients and 53 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The S100A9 (5.20 vs. 1.90, p=0.001) and SLC6A4 (2.00 vs. 1.00, p=0.019) mRNA levels in the rectal mucosa of women with IBS-D were significantly higher than those in men. Among the healthy controls, the S100A10 expression levels in men were higher than those in women (1.33 vs. 0.82, p=0.005). The S100A8 and S100A10 expression levels in women with IBS-D were positively correlated with their diarrhea scores (r=0.55 and 0.58, p<0.05). Conclusion 5-HT signaling might be a major contributor to the symptoms of IBS in men, and the differences may be associated with the effectiveness of 5-HT3R antagonists.
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PMID:Gender Differences in Serotonin Signaling in Patients with Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome. 2845 30


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