Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a retrospective case-referent study, 105 male myocardial infarction patients (age: 35-69), 105 hospital referents, and 105 neighbourhood referents, all of the same age, were interviewed with respect to exposure to some psychosocial risk indicators in their lives. These indicators include: Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern; the prevalence of stressful changes in childhood and adolescence, work and career, and family and social life; the syndrome of vital exhaustion and depression, which may precede myocardial infarction. The central question of this study is in what manner and in what connection these risk indicators may affect the lives of myocardial infarction patients. The results indicate that in general the prevalence of Type A behavior is twice as high in myocardial infarction patients as in both referent groups. On the other hand, this difference only reaches significance in younger patients (N = 30; age: 35-44). The prevalence of stressful life changes in myocardial infarction patients is characterized in particular by both the cohort-specific and the "non-normative" nature of these life changes. In young patients (N = 15; age: 35-39), all of whom but one are Type A, only some life changes associated with work and career occur significantly more often. In older patients (N = 30; age: 50-54, and 65-69) the latter problems are replaced by and intermingled with (chronic) conflicts in family and social life, that occur significantly more often. The myocardial infarction patients score significantly higher on the syndrome of vital exhaustion and depression than both referent groups. This syndrome is probably specific to myocardial infarction patients, and appears-unlike Type A behavior-not to be dependent on age. The results are discussed in terms of an "attributional" model that might explain the development of vital exhaustion and depression in the biography of myocardial infarction patients.
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PMID:[Biographical analysis and myocardial infarct: a study of myocardial infarction patients and 2 reference groups]. 377 96

The author describes serious subclinical deviations of behaviour in longevity (80-90 years) in connection with 36 cases of a homogenous group of aged persons. In 4 cases she observed normal behaviour, in 13 cases the syndrome of loss of prestige, in 7 cases milder anomalies of the behaviour, in 12 cases grave deviations. The matter of the present article is to review the graver subclinical anomalies. They include unjustified intermittent depression, pathological avarice, forgetfulness regarding the daily routine (putting away articles for personal use, etc.). At the same time there is the maintained interest in and knowledge of the domain of sciences, music, latest scientific results; but also temporary uncritical behaviour, rages in consequence of which the aged person becomes amnesic before long. The deviations described are of temporary character at first (in cerebral, vascular decompensation, exhaustion). When anatomic alterations develop in the neurocytes, they will become manifest.
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PMID:Progredient subclinical changes of the behaviour. 382 84

After setting up a catalogue of complaints and signs for the most frequent disturbances of feeling tone of the patients suffering from cerebral arteriosclerosis, consisting of somatically subjective head pain and mental disturbances, treatment was given to 33 patients with cerebrovascular disturbances and 7 patients with similar, although non-vascular, disturbances (4 patients with presenile dementia, 3 patients with tinnitus in otosclerosis), the treatment consisting of eutergin 3 X 1 tablets to 3 X 2 tablets daily, the concomitant cardio-internistic medication remaining the same throughout the treatment course. The type and severity of the symptoms prevailing in each case were determined at the beginning, after 3 weeks and after 6 weeks of the medication with eutergin. It was found that improvement of the somatic-subjective head pain was more pronounced than that of the mental disturbances. Generally speaking, the disturbing somatic or mental signs were those which could be influenced better than the others. As far as the head pain was concerned, the feeling of giddiness, congestion in the head, rapid exhaustion, above all, tinnitus, responded best to the medication (the improvement amounting to approximately 40%), whereas of the mental complaints, a feeling of being "lost" or "abandoned" and a morose mood were most amenable to improvement (degree of improvement approximately 30%). The prevention of the delirogenic effect of antidepressives in senile depression was a remarkable effect; this means that effective antidepressive medication is made possible with the help of eutergin, EEG controls did not reveal any significant effects. There were no side effects. Elevated blood pressure levels showed a tendency to become normal without any dramatic drops. Hence, eutergin is recommended in all kinds of chronic cerebrovascular lesions, provided it is associated with concomitant cardiac and internistic treatment.
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PMID:[Eutergin in the treatment of chronic cerebrovascular disturbance patterns (author's transl)]. 610 60

Intravenous infusions of clomipramine and maprotiline, preceded by a five-day tranquilising regimen with a neuroleptic drug, were given to 177 patients with treatment-resistant depression. During the treatment period of 10-20 days the patients were given one infusion daily followed by both antidepressants taken orally. The neuroleptic drug was given at night, from the start of the infusion phase to the end of hospitalisation. After four weeks 66% of the endogenous depressions and 53% of the exhaustion depressions had completely regressed. In patients who failed to respond the infusion regimen can be repeated, if necessary with nomifensin (Alival) instead of clomipramine (Anafranil) and maprotiline (Ludiomil) in order to achieve the desired improvement without ECT. In addition to careful diagnosis, a prerequisite for likely success in the management of treatment-resistant depression is the combination of drug administration with adequate psychotherapeutic and physiotherapeutic measures. The infusion regimen is relatively easy to undertake, can also be used on an out-patient basis and could be the treatment of choice in the future, not only for treatment-resistant depressions but also for patients whose depressive state requires rapidly effective antidepressive measures.
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PMID:[Management of treatment-resistant depression without ECT (author's transl)]. 611 26

A cerebrovascular accident is unwelcome at any age, but for the elderly it involves concerns. The abrupt onset of a cerebrovascular accident signals anew the already present fears of loss of control, death, insanity, disfigurement, loss of physical function, and sexual impairment. The accident can also result in worry about the possibility of explosive recurrence, disruption of thoughts and emotions, lengthy treatment away from home, and exhaustion of retirement funds. Therapeutic endeavors must be eclectic and individually tailored to address the special needs of the elderly patient, the highly technical and diverse health care team, the worried family, and the depression, delirium, and subtle clinical syndromes manifesting as poor patient motivation that often accompany a cerebrovascular accident.
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PMID:Overview: cerebrovascular accident and the hospitalized elderly--a multidimensional clinical problem. 612 8

The metabolic and hormonal responses to exhaustive short-term supramaximal exercise were studied in 10 male physical education students. The exercise task was a single bout of running on the treadmill at 22 km X h-1 and 7.5% slope. It was performed with single oral doses of 100 mg Bupranolol (non-selective beta-blockade), 100 mg Metoprolol (beta-1-selective blockade), and placebo. Arterialized capillary and venous blood were sampled until 30 min post exercise. Time to exhaustion was 52.0 +/- 2.6, 47.6 +/- 2.0, and 46.0 +/- 1.9 s in the control, Metroprolol, and Bupranolol experiments. At cessation of exercise, adrenaline and noradrenaline were grossly elevated in all three conditions. Lactate and glucose increased markedly, this being accompanied by increasing insulin in the control and Metoprolol, but not the Bupranolol trials. Glycerol increased moderately, while FFA were depressed. Growth hormone showed a delayed increase at 15 and 30 min post exercise. Cortisol was unaffected by exercise. beta-blockade reduced the increases of lactate, glucose, glycerol, insulin, and growth hormone, exaggerated the depression of FFA and had no effect on cortisol. The results demonstrate that the strong sympatho-adrenal response to exercise of this nature is a major determinant of the increase of glucose at cessation of exercise. The hyperglycemia in concert with beta-2-adrenergic stimulation leads to elevation of insulin. Furthermore, lipolysis is controlled by beta-adrenergic stimulation. The delayed increase of growth hormone seems to be triggered by the declining glucose level during recovery.
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PMID:Metabolic and hormonal responses to exhaustive supramaximal running with and without beta-adrenergic blockade. 614 64

At the adrenergic junction of the sympathetic nerve with the medial smooth muscle of the cat nictitating membrane, blocking of the reuptake of noradrenaline with phenoxibenzamine suppressed the amplitude of rhythmic excitatory synaptic potentials. Stimulation of postganglionic sympathetic nerve (10/sec) made the time constant of the first component of the potential 60 sec whereas that of the second component--600 sec. The depression of amplitude seems to be connected with possible decrease in the noradrenaline release and partial exhaustion of its storage. The analysis of the transmitter function showed the release of noradrenaline to a single impulse to be in the reverse relation to the stimulation frequency and at 10/sec to constitute about 3 x 10(-4) (at 20/sec -1.9 X 10(-4)) of the transmitter storage. The replenishment of the transmitter (4 x 10(-6) of the initial operating pool of noradrenaline to a single impulse at 10/sec) was intensified parallel to the increased frequency of adrenergic neurons firing and was able to provide for afferent synaptic transmission within the working frequencies of the afferent part of the sympathetic reflex arch.
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PMID:[Electrophysiologic analysis of mediator stores and release in smooth muscle synapses of the nictitating membrane in cats]. 625 Sep 17

Addition of exogenous NADH to rotenone- and antimycin A-treated mitochondria, in 125 mM KCl, results in rates of oxygen uptake of 0.5-1 and 10-12 nanoatoms of oxygen X mg protein-1 X min-1 in the absence and presence of cytochrome c, respectively. During oxidation of exogenous NADH there is a fast and complete reduction of cytochrome b5 while endogenous or added exogenous cytochrome c become 10-15% and 100% reduced, respectively. The reoxidation of cytochrome b5, after exhaustion of NADH, precedes that of cytochrome c. NADH oxidation is blocked by mersalyl, an inhibitor of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase. These observations support the view of an electron transfer from the outer to the inner membrane of intact mitochondria. Both the rate of exogenous NADH oxidation and the steady state level of cytochrome c reduction increase with the increase of ionic strength, while the rate of succinate oxidation undergoes a parallel depression. These observations suggest that the functions of cytochrome c as an electron carrier in the inner membrane and as an electron shuttle in the intermembrane space are alternative. It is concluded that aerobic oxidation of exogenous NADH involves the following pathway: NADH leads to NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase leads to cytochrome b5 leads to intermembrane cytochrome c leads to cytochrome oxidase leads to oxygen. It is suggested that the communication between the outer and inner membranes mediated by cytochrome c may affect the oxidation-reduction level of cytosolic NADH and the related oxidation-reduction reactions.
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PMID:Cytochrome c as an electron shuttle between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. 626 41

Specific consequences of cocaine abuse on health and psycho-social functioning were assessed in 55 cocaine-abusing subjects who called a telephone "helpline." REsults showed a high incidence and wide range of adverse consequences including: impairment of job functioning, interpersonal relationships, and financial status; disturbances of mood and cognitive functioning; psychiatric symptoms of depression, paranoia, and increased suicidal/violent tendencies; and physical symptoms of exhaustion, weight loss, sleep problems, and seizures. Cocaine-related automobile accidents, suicide attempts, and violent acts, including a cocaine-related homicide, were also reported. Intranasal users reported no fewer and no less severe adverse consequences than free-base smokers or intravenous users. Our findings challenge popular notions that cocaine is a benign "recreational" drug and that the intranasal route of administration guarantees protection against addictive patterns of use and adverse effects.
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PMID:Adverse effects of cocaine abuse. 643 68

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of varying Ca2+ activated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ATPase activity of fast-twitch (FT) skeletal muscle at exhaustion and during recovery. Wistar rats (200 g) were assigned to control (C), exhausted (E), and three recovery groups (R) at 5, 15, and 30 min. Following exhaustion on a motor-driven treadmill, the gastrocnemius muscles from all groups were excised and frozen. Muscle samples were assayed for ATPase activity in a Ca2+-ethyleneglycol bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) buffering system. At 1.25 microM Ca2+, a significant depression in Ca2+ activated ATPase activity occurred in the E, 5R, 15R, and 30R groups (1.61 +/- 0.17, 1.87 +/- 0.14, 1.43 +/- 0.29, and 1.62 +/- 0.1 mumol Pi . mg-1 . 10 min-1) compared with C values (2.41 +/- 0.34 mumol Pi . mg-1 . 10 min-1) (p less than or equal to 0.05). At 5.0 microM, Ca2+ activated ATPase activity remained depressed in the E, 5R, and 15R groups compared with C and 30R groups (p less than or equal to 0.05). At 0.75 microM Ca2+, there was no significant difference between groups (p greater than or equal to 0.05). The results suggest that Ca2+ activated SR ATPase activity of fatigued FT muscle may contribute to the decreased force production at exhaustion.
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PMID:Calcium activation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase following strenuous activity. 646 5


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