Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five pairs of excised human eyes were examined for anatomic correlates of changes in aqueous outflow facility that result from changing the intraocular pressure (IOP) and from placing mechanical tension on the irido-corneal angle (lens depression). An increase in IOP from 0 to 40 mm Hg tended inconsistently to compress trabecular meshwork as a whole and to distend the juxtacanalicular tissue. The most constant and significant effect of increasing IOP, however, was to compress Schlemm's canal, thereby progressively diminishing its volume to its virtual collapse at 40 mm Hg IOP. Lens depression increased Schlemm's canal volume and partially prevented its collapse at high levels of IOP. The mean frequency of endothelial vacuoles was remarkably constant at IOPs from 2.5 to 40.0 mm Hg, with and without lens depression, but was significantly lower when the IOP was reduced to 0 mm Hg. When correlated with existing physiologic data, these anatomic findings suggest that Schlemm's canal collapse, but not vacuole frequency, is an important contributor to pressure-dependent changes in aqueous outflow facility.
 ...
PMID:Anatomic correlates of changing aqueous outflow facility in excised human eyes. 707 8

Factors that contribute to the lethality of amitriptyline overdosage were studied in cats. Amitriptyline (50 mg/kg) given i.p. to unanesthetized cats produced convulsions in all of the animals and death in five of six animals; pretreatment with diazepam (5 mg/kg) protected against the convulsions and death. Respiratory depression contributed to the mortality when amitriptyline was given i.v. in cats anesthetized with pentobarbital as indicated by the finding that artificial respiration delayed the time of death induced by a continuous i.v. infusion of the drug. The i.v. infusion of amitriptyline in pentobarbitalized cats under artificial respiration produced death due to cardiovascular collapse. The latter was characterized by hypotension, bradycardia, depression of myocardial contractile force, atrioventricular block, intraventricular conduction delay and cardiac arrhythmias. These effects appear to be due to a direct membrane (quindine-like) cardiotoxic action of amitriptyline. Dopamine and dobutamine were effective in protecting the animals against the acute cardiovascular collapse induced by amitriptyline. The protection was associated with a diminution of the hypotension, the negative inotropic and chronotropic actions and the incidence of atrioventricular block produced by the tricyclic antidepressant drug. The results suggest that the positive chronotropic, inotropic and dromotropic actions of the amines may all be contributory factors in their protection action. Isoproterenol and norepinephrine were less effective than the other two amines.
 ...
PMID:Protective action of diazepam and of sympathomimetic amines against amitryptyline-induced toxicity. 709 63

Clinical signs and lesions of levamisole toxicosis include: nausea, vomiting, increased salivation, frequent urination and defecation, colic, dizziness, headache, muscle tremors, ataxia, anxiety, hyperesthesia with irritability, clonic convulsions, depression, rapid respiration, dyspnea, prostration, collapse, hemorrhages in the subepicardium and thalamus, enteritis, hepatic degeneration and necrosis, and splenic congestion. Most of these signs and lesions are similar to those observed in nicotine poisoning. Levamisole causes vasopressor and panting effects which are blocked by ganglionic blocking agents hexamethonium and mecamylamine but are not blocked by atropine. The vasopressor effect of levamisole is blocked by alpha-adrenergic antagonists phentolamine and dibenamine; however, the respiratory effect of levamisole is not affected by these alpha-adrenergic antagonists. Repeated IV injections of levamisole cause a tachyphylactic response. With levamisole-induced tachyphylaxis, the effects of other ganglionic stimulants dimethylpiperazinium and nicotine are also abolished. Levamisole causes an electroencephalographic arousal which is antagonized by atropine sulfate and mecamylamine. There is also a structural similarity of levamisole to nicotine. These studies suggest that levamisole is a nicotine-like compound. Possible treatment of levamisole poisoning is discussed. Drug interactions of levamisole with organophosphates and anthelmintics, eg, pyrantel, methyridine, and diethylcarbamazine, are also discussed.
 ...
PMID:Toxicity and drug interactions of levamisole. 721 95

Pulmonary complications are a major cause of death in patients in various forms of shock. The exact causes of the pulmonary complications are unknown. This study evaluates the functional characteristics of intralobar pulmonary arteries (IPA) and veins (IPV) obtained from swine subjected to splanchnic arterial occlusion (SAO) shock ans subsequent cardiovascular collapse and sham-shocked swine subjected to surgery but no occlusion. The contractile response of pulmonary arteries to norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) were depressed when obtained from pigs subjected to SAO shock. The depression in the sensitivity to 5-HT and maximal tension development to 5-HT and NE was selective, since the responses to potassium ion were not depressed. IPA obtained from swine with SAO shock were more sensitive to the relaxant actions of arachidonic acid, a precursor for bisenoic prostaglandins, than were IPA from sham-shocked swine. This was not observed when prostaglandins were used as agonists. This suggests that synthesis of prostaglandin differs in the pulmonary vasculature of sham-shocked and SAO-shocked animals. IPV obtained from swine in SAO shock were less sensitive to 5-HT and NE but more sensitive to arachidonic acid and 9 alpha, 11 alpha-epoxymethano-PGH2, a thromboxane like compound. IPV obtained from swine in SAO shock converted more arachidonic acid into a substance with the chromatographic mobility of thromboxane B2. The data suggest that alterations in the prostaglandin system within the pulmonary artery and vein may contribute to the pulmonary complications of SAO shock. The alterations appear to include an enhanced synthesis of prostacyclin as well as thromboxane-like substance. Because the veins were more sensitive than the arteries to 9 alpha, 11 alpha-epoxymethano-PGH2, thromboxanes or endoperoxides may elevate venous tone and contribute to the pulmonary edema associated with shock states.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary vascular smooth muscle function in porcine splanchnic arterial occlusion shock. 724 87

The acute toxicity of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate (HBP), hydrocortisone 17-butyrate (HB17) and hydrocortisone 21-butyrate (HB21) were investigated by three administration routes (s.c., i. p. and p. o.) in mice, rats and dogs. In the case of HBP, LD50 by oral administration was the highest, and followed by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration in mice and rats. And LD50 of HB17 and HB21 were not different from HBP in mice by subcutaneous administration. The depression of spontaneous movement and respiratory rate, ptosis, larcrymation and the collapse were commonly observed in all drugs, and it was independent of administration routes. The autopsy revealed the atrophy of thymus, spleen and adrenal glands, the supprative nodules of heart and liver and the ulcers of alimentary tract in mice and rats. But the changes observed in mice and rats were recognized when 1000 mg/kg of HBP was administered to dogs subcutaneously. Many of these changes were common to glucocorticoids, and the LD50 of HBP was rather high compared with other synthetic steroids; therefore, HBP was among less toxic steroid.
 ...
PMID:[Studies on toxicity of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate -1. Acute toxicity of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate and its analogues in mice, rats and dogs (author's transl)]. 731 Sep 28

The concept of the conventional aqueous outflow pathway (through the trabecular meshwork and other components of the canal's inner wall, along Schlemm's canal to collector channels, and out of the eye through the collector channels) was modeled on tubes with leaky walls and a network of electrical resistances. Analysis of these models suggested experiments to test the models and to assess the magnitude of the resistance of portions of the pathway. We found that the well-known increase in outflow resistance with increased intraocular pressure was, in large measure, the result of blockage of the collector channels, probably by the canal's inner wall. A model of the trabecular meshwork predicted that tension on the scleral spur and trabecular mesh would cause the meshwork to arch over Schlemm's canal. We depressed the lens to generate such tension, and found that the resistance of the inner wall of the canal decreased. In one eye, lens depression also decreased resistance to flow in the collector channels and the canal of Schlemm and prompted the suggestion that when secretory inhibitors are used in glaucoma, cyclo-tonic agents should be used simultaneously to relieve canal collapse and blockage of collector channels by inner canal wall.
 ...
PMID:The conventional outflow resistances. 731 32

Prescribing tricyclic antidepressants presents potential hazards to patients with heart disease, glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy and epilepsy for their symptoms may be aggravated. Mianserin, on the other hand, has little effect on the heart and the parasympathetic nervous system and this drug may be used safely in these circumstances. Tricyclic antidepressants and mianserin also differ in their toxicity when taken in overdose. Poisoning with mianserin rarely causes more than drowsiness except when other drugs have been taken. In contrast overdose with tricyclic antidepressants frequently causes epileptic convulsions, arhythmias, hypotension, and anticholinergic signs. Death occurs in 2-3% of overdoses, usually due to cardiovascular collapse, respiratory depression or status epileptic's either alone or in combination.
 ...
PMID:[Depressed patients and their treatment. Therapeutic mistakes and toxicity (author's transl)]. 731 62

This paper analyses the pattern of use of and the response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in an Indian rural teaching general hospital between 1977 and 1980. ECT was used in 503 cases (14.3 per cent of 3,517). Three-quarters of the patients to whom it was given were schizophrenic, one-fifth depressed and 6 per cent suffering from post-partum psychosis. Though the treatment gave the best results in depression it was also effective in many schizophrenics and post-partum psychotics. The commonest side effect was memory impairment. Following unmodified ECT severe confusion and excitement were frequent, while thrombophlebitis, bronchospasm, prolonged apnoea and peripheral circulatory collapse occurred only with the modified technique. The usefulness of ECT in developing countries like India is highlighted.
 ...
PMID:Electroconvulsive therapy in a rural teaching general hospital in India. 733 65

Spine specimens infested with breast cancer metastases, ranging from localized seed of small tumor deposits to massive invasion and vertebral collapse, were frozen in situ, removed, examined with both conventional radiography and high resolution computed tomography (CT), and then studied in great detail by serial cryoplaning. The majority of metastases in the total of 53.5 vertebrae were lytic, and most were in close contact with the vertebral wall or the endplates. Depressions and defects of the endplates were associated with compensatory expansion of the intervertebral discs. Although lytic lesions abutting endplate defects had the radiological appearance of metastases, all contained herniated disc material rather than tumor. Only four of the 29 grossly destroyed and collapsed vertebrae showed extrusion of the posterior vertebral wall into the spinal canal. Tumor growth in the epidural space was rare. There were no macroscopical reactive changes of the osseoligamentous or neurovascular spinal elements to the metastases, but abnormalities of the posterior elements (kissing spines, facet joint subluxation, and pars interarticularis failure) were common.
 ...
PMID:Pathoanatomical and radiographic findings in spinal breast cancer metastases. 771 67

We have previously reported that fresh frozen plasma (FFP) may induce a rapid irreversible shock when repeatedly infused in pigs challenged with Gram-negative sepsis. The aims of the present study were to elucidate the cardiovascular nature of the shock and determine the aetiologic role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), complement activation and halothane anaesthesia. Three groups of anaesthetized piglets were inoculated with a lethal dose of live E. coli bacteria. Groups I (n = 8) and III (n = 8) were anaesthetized with halothane and group II (n = 8) with ketamine. Animals in groups I and II received repeated infusions of FFP, whereas animals in group III received repeated infusions of 7% albumin. Six animals in group I and four animals in group II died during the first plasma infusion. Survival time was significantly longer in group II (P = 0.04) compared to group I. No animals in group III died during the albumin infusions, and no adverse effects were observed during the infusions. In group I the plasma induced shock was characterized by abruptly falling mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index and left ventricular contractility. Concomitant increases were recorded in left ventricular filling pressure and central venous pressure. Group II demonstrated a similar, but delayed response. Plasma infusion was associated with a significant increase in terminal complement complex (TCC) (P < 0.03 in group I, P < 0.05 in group II) and depletion of serum ionized calcium. We conclude that FFP may induce fatal myocardial depression and circulatory collapse in severe sepsis. Complement activation may be of aetiologic importance.
 ...
PMID:Fatal myocardial depression and circulatory collapse associated with complement activation induced by plasma infusion in severe porcine sepsis. 772 71


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>