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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In healthy, closed-chest dogs, dose-dependent depression of ventricular function was produced by the anesthetics halothane, methoxyflurane, and fluroxene, as evidence by decreases in left venticular stroke volume, stroke work, dP/dt, and an increased enddiastolic pressure. Myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption decreased concomitantly and were correlated with aortic blood pressure decreases. There was no change in myocardial lactate extraction with halothane and methoxyflurane, suggesting that myocardial oxygenation was adequate in spite of the decrease in blood flow. However, even with marked increases in arterial lactate concentration during fluroxene anesthesia, extraction did not chance and, in fact, tended to decrease. The hemodynamic effects of halothane and methoxyflurane are similar to those previously reported in man, but those of fluroxene are different. Consequently, clinical speculation from these results is not justified at this time.
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PMID:Effects of inhalation anesthetics on cardiac function and metabolism in the intact dog. 0 33

The following hemodynamic parameters: cardiac frequency, peripheral arterial pressure, pulmonary pressure and cardiac output were measured by direct catheterisation, as the total peripheral vascular resistance and the systolic ejection volume were calculated from the registered results. The cardiac frequency and the pulmonary arterial pressure were practically not modified in our patients, though we have observed a statistically significant decrease of systolic (-30p. 100) and diastolic (-27p. 100) arterial pressure. The total peripheral vascular resistance shows a marked diminution (-20p. 100) after giving Ethrane? for ten minutes. If it is possible that one part, surely important, of the cardiac output, is preserved under Ethrane anesthesia by a significant decrease of the total peripheral vascular resistance, a myocardial depression might be questionned, the decrease of cardiac output at 30 minutes being more important than the decrease of the total peripheral vascular resistance.
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PMID:[Hemodynamic effect of enflurane in man]. 0 16

Fifty healthy mothers, with normal placental function, were anaesthetised with ketamine for Caesarean section. Anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide, oxygen, muscle relaxants and controlled ventilation. Surgery was conducted in the lateral tilt position. Arterial blood samples were drawn from the mothers, and from the vessels of a double clamped section of umbilical cord, for blood-gas analysis. Results obtained were compared with those of a previous series anaesthetised with thiopentone, nitrous oxide, oxygen and muscle relaxants. Eight infants were clinically depressed, judged on the basis of their modified Apgar score 2 minutes after delivery. The average time to sustained respiration (TSR) was 58.1 seconds. The mean maternal pH and base excess values in the ketamine group were significantly greather than those reported after thiopentone anaesthesia. Mean Uv and Ua pH levels were also significantly higher after ketamine; in contrast, the average fetal base excess values did not differ from those obtained previously with thiopentone. The mean (Ma-Uv) and (Ma-Ua), pH gradients were 0.019 and 0.025 pH units greater respectively in the ketamine group compared to the thiopentone (P less than 0.005). The average (Uv-Ua) PO2 gradient was 3.4 mmHg less after ketamine anaesthesia (P less than 0.005). A significant inverse correlation was observed relating the I-D interval to the Ma and Ua pH values. Maternal arterial base deficit values appeared to increase with delay in delivering the fetus. Prolongation of the uterine incision to delivery (U-D) interval was associated with a decrease in Ua pH and base excess values. (Ma-Ua) pH and base excess gradients increased with lengthening of the U-D interval. No convincing evidence of awareness during anaesthesia was found during the study. Five patients, appeared to be hallucinated in the immediate post-anaesthetic period. Unpleasant dreams were reported in 5 instances. In this study ketamine appeared to be unassociated with significant biochemical asphyxia, but may have been responsible for some element of drug induced neonatal depression. In view of our own experience and that of other workers, it is suggested that ketamine induction for Caesarean section should be re-evaluated using a lower dose of the drug.
Anaesthesia 1976 Sep
PMID:Anaesthesia for Caesarean section with ketamine. 0 39

Immune depression occurs after general anaesthesia. It is related to depression of serum factors after anesthesia with ether or chloroform, or secondary to depression of antibody-producing cells after anaesthesia with halothane, nitrous oxyde or Pentothal. This immune depression augments proneness to bacterial and viral infection and to malignant disease.
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PMID:[Does anesthesia have an immunosuppressive effect?]. 1 Jul 75

Drug allergies are increasingly common. They may occur in 5-10 p. 100 of patients treated with drugs. From a diagnostic standpoint, the problem is a complex one, many aspects of which are still poorly understood. This is particularly true with regard to the nature of the antigenic determinants and their vectors. Allergic reactions in patients submitted to anaesthesia and surgery represent a very particular case of the situation. A study of the immune status of such patients was undertaken and revealed that T lymphocyte depression, lasting from one to three weeks, often occurs. It is important to take this concept into account when choosing laboratory tests designed to substantiate the diagnosis. Several examples are presented and discussed.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of drug allergies related to anesthesia and surgery]. 1 Jul 77

This paper relates research on anesthetic effects on lipid membrane systems to mechanisms of neural function. A unitary theory of anesthesia based on anesthetic-induced changes in fluid-solid-phase separations in the lipid region of nerve membranes is presented. It is suggested that anesthetics act by fluidizing nerve membranes to a point where critical lipid regions no longer contain phase separations. As a consequence, the membranes are less able to facilitate the conformational changes in proteins that may be the basis for such membrane events as ion gating, synaptic transmitter release, and transmitter binding to receptors. It is proposed that the anesthetic-modified phase separation behavior of the membrane may alter neural function by a combination of the following effects: inhibition of conformational changes of intrinsic membrane proteins; prevention of the association of protein subunits to form polymeric ion channels; depression of transmitter release by preventing fusion of vesicles containing synaptic transmitter with the membrane of the presynaptic terminal.
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PMID:A unitary theory of anesthesia based on lateral phase separations in nerve membranes. 1 86

Anesthesia, during suspension laryngoscopy should permit the ENT surgeon to work in a field without the hindrance of an intra-tracheal tube, and with a calm larynx. After rapid review of anesthesias of brief duration, which are eliminated, several techniques of anesthesia of variable duration are discussed. Neuroleptanalgesia is nevertheless exclused owing to the environmental conditions necessary for its use. Gamma OH was reserved for patients in poor general health, and gave satisfaction. Alfatisine was used here and procured anesthesia of good quality, with minimal respiratory depression, provided a precise protocol is respected, but one cannot hope for success of suspension laryngoscopy without local anesthesia in addition.
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PMID:[Choice of anesthesia technic for suspension larygoscopy]. 1 94

The neuroleptics are characterised by the large number of pharmacological effects they develop. When they are associated with other substances, it is frequent for the latter to have with neuroleptics one or several common sites of action. At this level, they develop phenomena of drug interaction, for example, synergy with depressors of the central nervous system or, in the periphery, with alpha-adrenolytic or parasympatholytic drugs. This type of interaction is used in anesthesia to obtain more intense effects with lesser doses of each component and also avoid the toxic effects of efficacious doses of general anesthetics used alone. However, although certain interactions are useful, others may prove harmful. This is in particular the case where neuroleptic drugs are administered after ingestion of alcohol. Various mechanisms, central and peripheral, explain the marked depression of the central nervous system which results. Potentialisation of the effects of tricyclic antidepressor drugs by neuroleptics raises a difficult problem for the anesthetist, the elimination of tricyclic antidepressor drugs is slow and requires several weeks after stopping treatment. During this period, the tissue and plasma concentrations become reduced gradually. They are pharmacologically insufficient, but are potentialised by injection of neuroleptic drugs, and may become active again, and even toxic. It seems to us advisable to avoid the use of neuroleptic drugs in patients treated with tricyclic antidepressor drugs and, if necessary, to use another method of anesthesia.
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PMID:[Drugs combined with neuroleptics in anesthesia]. 1 85

Baroreflex control of heart rate was determined during three awake control situations and during two depths of halothane anesthesia in man. Baroreflex function was quantiated by calculating the pressor test slope from the R-R interval change on the ECG produced by a pharmacologically induced pressor response. During the three awake control situations the subjects breathed room air or 100 per cent O2 spontaneously or 100 per cent O2 with ventilation controlled. Mean (+/- SD) slopes obtained were 15.1 +/- 4.5, 15.6 +/- 6.8 and 18.4 +/- 9.9, respectively. No significant difference in baroreflex function slope was observed. During light halothane anesthesia (0.7 per cent endtidal) baroreflex function was significantly depressed (mean slope = 2.5 +/- 1.5), and it was abolished at 1.1 per cent end-tidal halothane (mean slope = 0.03 +/- 0.04). It is concluded that halothane anesthesia produces depression of baroreflex control of heart rate in man.
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PMID:Halothane depresses baroreflex control of heart rate in man. 1 57

The cardiac arrhythmicity of epinephrine and dopamine was compared in awake goats and during approximate equivalent levels of halothane, enflurane, methoxyflurane, and fluroxene anesthesia. The arrhythmic threshold dose for epinephrine and dopamine was significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced during halothane anesthesia when compared to values determined in awake animals. Enflurane anesthesia had no significant affect on the arrhythmic threshold dose for either catecholamine. However, methoxyflurane and fluroxene anesthesia significantly (p less than 0.05) elevated the arrhythmic threshold dose for dopamine. Epinephrine produced greater elevations in mean arterial pressure than dopamine with all anesthetics except enflurane, and dopamine produced significantly (p less than 0.05) higher heart rates in the awake animals and those anesthetized with halothane and enflurane. The authors conclude that, in terms of arrhythmic potential, there is no advantage in the use of dopamine rather than epinephrine for the reversal of halothane-induced myocardial depression during halothane or enflurane anesthesia.
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PMID:Arrhythmic doses of epinephrine and dopamine during halothane, enflurane, methoxyflurane, and fluroxene anesthesia in goats. 1 72


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