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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was (a) to determine the mental and physical health status of low-income urban women who were providing informal home care to adults with HIV/AIDS, (b) to discover the best predictors of physical and mental health problems in the caregivers, and (c) to make recommendations for nursing interventions to assist these caregivers. The study was based on a conceptualization of female caregivers as a population vulnerable to increased morbidity. Personal interviews were conducted with caregivers (n = 36) of adults with HIV/AIDS who were attending HIV clinics in public hospitals. Caregivers had significant physical and mental health problems and experienced loneliness, loss, anger, isolation, and stigma. Caregiver distress over care receiver memory and behavior problems, anxiety, and lack of knowledge about AIDS were the best predictors of mental health problems. Caregiver depression, anger, and the number of care receiver illness symptoms were the best predictors of physical health problems.
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PMID:Health problems of low-income female caregivers of adults with HIV/AIDS. 947 92

In recent decades, research on child and adolescent depression has proliferated. Currently, attention in the field is directed toward examining the epidemiology, causes, course, sequelae, and treatment response of children at risk for developing or presently experiencing depressive disorders. In this article, a developmental psychopathology approach is used to elucidate the development of depressive disorders, the diverse pathways that evolve, and the processes that contribute to varied outcomes. The developmental psychopathology perspective underscores the importance of moving beyond the identification of isolated aberrations in psychological and biological components of depressive presentations to the understanding of how those components have evolved and how they are integrated within and transact across biological, psychological, and social systems. Implications for prevention and intervention are addressed as is the importance of increasing the public awareness of depressive disorders and reducing the social stigma that interfere with the attainment of treatment for depressed persons.
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PMID:The development of depression in children and adolescents. 949 49

The Self-Appraisal Questionnaire (J. C. Coyne & M. M. Calarco, 1995) was used to examine how primary care and psychiatric outpatients with recent or past major depression appraised their prospects and structured their lives. They were compared with nondistressed and distressed primary care patients. Both depressed groups scored higher than the nondistressed patients for Lack of Energy, Management of Burden on Others, Need to Maintain a Balance in Life, Fear of Taking Risks, Imposition of Limitations on Life, and Sense of Stigma. The distressed group fell between the depressed psychiatric and the nondistressed groups, and generally did not differ from the depressed primary care group. Past depression did not explain differences associated with more recent depression and distress. Distress entails a need to manage its effects on others, but depression in psychiatric patients may produce a more profound reorganization of self-concept, relationships, and coping.
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PMID:Effects of recent and past major depression and distress on self-concept and coping. 950 41

There is a paucity of literature available to assist nurses and other care providers in knowing how to meet the needs of depressed women from non-dominant cultural backgrounds. To begin to address this need, we conducted a grounded theory study on black West Indian Canadian Women's strategies for managing depression. We discovered a basic social process, Being Strong, that the women used to manage or ameliorate depression. Being strong occurs within the overlapping areas of three social contexts: the cultural stigma of depression, male-female roles and relationships, and belief in Christian doctrine. These contexts are located against a backdrop of visible minority status within a eurocentric society. This socio-cultural contextual material provides the setting within which black West Indian Canadian women live and make decisions. In this article, we present findings related to the social and cultural aspects of the women's situation.
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PMID:The contexts for managing depression and its stigma among black West Indian Canadian women. 954 36


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PMID:The "hidden patient": older relatives raising children orphaned by AIDS. 959 98

Touch is a powerful medium of social validation. Patients with skin disorders often experience social rejection when people avoid touching them, possibly fearing contagion or filth. We examined the psychologic impact of the stigma experience among 137 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis; 26.3 percent of patients reported that during the previous month they had experienced an episode when "people made a conscious effort not to touch them" because of their psoriasis. The stigmatized group did not have greater psoriasis severity than the non-stigmatized control group. However, in contrast to the non-stigmatized group, the stigmatized group had higher (P = 0.0003) depression scores (in the range for clinical depression, as measured by the Carroll Rating Scale for Depression), by stepwise logistic regression analysis using a wide range of psychopathologic measures as the independent variables. These findings underline the profound impact of the stigma experience in psoriasis, and possibly other dermatologic conditions that are associated with social stigma.
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PMID:Perceived deprivation of social touch in psoriasis is associated with greater psychologic morbidity: an index of the stigma experience in dermatologic disorders. 964 May 55

Employers have previously been shown to hold negative attitudes toward mental illness. The purpose of this survey of human resource officers in UK companies was to ascertain whether these attitudes prejudice employment opportunities for subjects with mental illness--specifically, depression--and, if so, some of the beliefs upon which these attitudes are based. When employers were given vignettes of job applicants identical except for diagnosis, a label of depression significantly reduced the chances of employment, compared with one of diabetes, despite both being seen as equally credible illnesses. This stigmatization is based upon perceptions of potential poor work performance, rather than expectations of future absenteeism, but is not concordant with previous research. It is suggested that greater dissemination of information may alleviate some of this stigma.
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PMID:Workplace effects of the stigmatization of depression. 977 63

The stigma of mental illness is powerful. Clients are afraid of being discriminated against if they admit they are depressed. Fifty percent of U.S. adults believe people with depression are simply lazy despite evidence that depression has biologic causes and is a treatable mental illness. In fact, depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the United States, affecting as much as 10% of the adult population. The National Institute of Mental Health estimates that during any 1-year period, 17.6 million U.S. adults suffer from a depressive illness.
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PMID:Successful treatment for major depressive episodes. 978 41

American medicine has witnessed 3 major periods in this century that have all played key roles in the evolution of today's medical systems, practice, and education. The first of these periods followed the publication of the Flexner report in the early 1900s that was critical of the then current medical education system. The second came with the development of specialties in the 1920s and 1930s, and the third with the growth of HMOs and managed care and with the reemergence of primary care. Mental health practice has also evolved, moving from a specialist-based direct access to a primary care model. Although great strides have been made regarding the treatment of depression, an overwhelming majority of patients are still undertreated. Treatments for the future must focus on programs to improve recognition of depression, reduce stigma, and increase compliance.
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PMID:American health care systems and depression: the past, present, and the future. 988 35

Cancer has the potential to provoke worries which should be assessed in order to adequately respond to patients' problems. We highlight in this paper the problems that concerned 30 women with cervical cancer (mean age 51.2) and 76 with breast cancer (mean age 44.9), how these concerns affected their emotional lives, and the factors associated with these worries. They were interviewed with the 33-item modified version of a German questionnaire rating psychosocial concerns (FBS) by Sullwold, and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) for psychopathological symptoms. Cervical cancer patients had significantly higher FBS and GHQ-12 scores than breast cancer. Breast cancer cases had FBS scores similar to those of women with sickle cell disease and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The commonest recurrent worries in both groups were depression about their condition (45%), thoughts of death (37%), insomnia (33.3%), bodily odour (30%), impairment of work efficiency (30%) terrifying dreams (27%) and fear of illness being life-long (25%). Over 90% denied experience of worries indicating social stigma. FBS scores were significantly correlated with GHQ scores and both were negatively associated with adequacy of social contacts. These data suggest the need for psychosocial intervention in such cases in Nigeria.
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PMID:Psychosocial concerns of Nigerian women with breast and cervical cancer. 988 90


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