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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred twenty institutionalized cases of leprosy were tested for anxiety and depression on standard scales before and after psychiatric treatment. The latter seems to be effective in reducing both anxiety and depression after a course of treatment of three months. This appears to be a sound justification to advocate mental health care in institutions of leprosy in conjunction with physical care. Leprosy is a chronic and disabling disease entity. With the social stigma associated to the disease the psychiatric hazards of the disease are as bad as its physical manifestations. However, usually, only the latter attract attention. Ignorance about the disease and social values about the disease can at once land a person in depression on utterance of the diagnosis. Further, anxiety about the outcome of the disease in particular and future in general are known to exist in sufferers of leprosy.
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PMID:Leprosy--a case for mental health care. 663 85

Leisure activities and satisfaction derived from leisure activities were investigated together with feelings of stigma and of depression in 51 first-stroke married/cohabitating hemiplegics (males (n: 39) mean age 54 +/- 9; females (n: 12) mean age 50 +/- 12). Leisure goals appeared to mirror traditional gender roles; males having more outdoor and straining leisure activities. For the majority, number and frequency of active leisure participation decreased after stroke and they became passively discontented. This was the case for outdoor and indoor activities as well as for activities characterized by social interaction and entertainment. Mutual and non-mutual partnership of leisure activities occurred for those investigated within a year after stroke. Dissatisfaction also followed increased, passive, time together with spouse. Stigmatism was common (about 50 per cent) during the first year post-stroke, while depression was most common (65 per cent) between 7 and 12 months after stroke. The findings are discussed in terms of physical (disease-related) resources, geographical circumstances and psychological adaptation in its temporal context.
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PMID:Leisure after stroke. 717 17

A scale based on underlying core beliefs generated by the experience of epilepsy was developed. The scale, with measures of coping, adaptability, and knowledge, was used to examine the commonly-reported differences in emotional adjustment between patients (EP) and a non-epileptic population (NEP). The EP had significantly lower perceived self efficacy and was more depressed and anxious than the NEP controls. The NEP showed greater knowledge of medical aspects of epilepsy than the EP. Positive correlations between scale values and measures of mastery, self esteem, affect balance, felt stigma and impact of epilepsy were found. Factor analysis produced a three factor solution of emotion, knowledge and anxiety which explained 61.6% of the variance in scores. Results are discussed in terms of Bandura's theory of self efficacy as the motivating and sustaining force in the ability to change behaviour. Core beliefs are central to both the development and maintenance of anxiety and depression in epilepsy patients and need to be addressed in any attempts at remedial intervention.
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PMID:Development of a scale to measure core beliefs and perceived self efficacy in adults with epilepsy. 758 58

1. The widow of a spouse who committed suicide must cope with issues related to depression, anger, blame, guilt, and the stigma associated with suicide that makes recovery from this type of loss different for the survivors. 2. The predominant need of widows and widowers of suicide victims was to talk in an environment of acceptance and understanding, which could only be provided by other people who have had the same kind of experience. 3. There is no precise formula that exists to guide caregivers when assisting survivors of suicide victims, however suggestions include communicating with compassion; demonstrating care and concern; accepting the individual's grief; and offering and providing information.
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PMID:Exploring widows' experiences after the suicide of their spouse. 763 81

Depression is a highly treatable disease that is more prevalent among primary care patients than hypertension. Primary care physicians must become accustomed to screening for and treating depression just as they screen for and treat hypertension. A psychiatrist should be consulted for severe cases of depression. The introduction of the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), antidepressants that are far less toxic and have a milder side effect profile than the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), has made it possible for depression to be treated more successfully in the primary care setting. Unlike the TCAs, the SSRIs have not been lethal in overdose. Early diagnosis and early treatment can reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with depression and can also reduce the costs associated with misdiagnosis. This article reviews the difficulties inherent in diagnosing depression in this health care setting, including somatization and the coexistence of other medical disorders. Suggestions are offered for effective screening and diagnosis, and a practical approach is given for explaining the diagnosis, which may help moderate patient denial or fear of stigma. Current pharmacotherapeutic options for treating mild-to-moderate depression are also summarized.
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PMID:Recognition and treatment of depression in a primary care setting. 781 55

In a sample of 276 Japanese adult patient attenders at two primary care clinics affiliated with the Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine at the Okayama University Medical School major depression was diagnosed in 5.8% and minor depression in 7.2% of patients studied. Functional impairment was significantly more severe in patients with either major or minor depression than in those not affected. None of the 36 patients with major or minor depression had received a diagnosis of depression or had been given antidepressant therapy. Possible explanations for the marked underdiagnosis of depression and lack of specific antidepressant therapy in these patients include severe stigma associated with a diagnosis of mental disorders, focus of the mental health system on hospitalization with consequent trivialization of mental problems in ambulatory patients, and the extraordinarily high work load of primary care doctors.
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PMID:Depressive disorders in Japanese primary care patients. 789 62

Upon deinstitutionalization, a mentally ill person's awareness of the stigma attached to his or her illness can negatively influence any effort to become a productive member of society. Support systems are vital in that they facilitate such efforts. The family is perhaps the most important support system because it provides emotional support, which is crucial because it promotes a sense of self-esteem and decreases depression, anxiety, sickness, and mortality. An awareness of stigma on the part of the family could undermine its role as a support system for a relative with mental illness.
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PMID:Studying mental illness: a student's perspective. 793 3

Upon deinstitutionalization, a mentally ill person's awareness of the stigma attached to his or her illness can negatively influence any effort to become a productive member of society. Support systems are vital in that they facilitate such efforts. The family is perhaps the most important support system because it provides emotional support, which is crucial because it promotes a sense of self-esteem and decreases depression, anxiety, sickness, and mortality. An awareness of stigma on the part of the family could undermine its role as a support system for a relative with mental illness.
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PMID:Educating the paraprofessional staff on the psychiatric unit. A neglected topic. 793 4

A mail survey was conducted of consultants and senior registrars practising accident and emergency (A&E) medicine in the United Kingdom. The 201 respondents (72%) comprised 154 consultants (70.6%) and 47 senior registrars (77%), who provided demographic information and completed inventories measuring stress, depression, task and role clarity, work group functioning and overall satisfaction with work. The respondents did not report particularly high levels of stress or depression and generally evaluated aspects of their work environments favourably. Higher levels of stress were reported by consultants and respondents from district general hospitals. Levels of stress were similar to those reported by other groups of health care providers. Respondents generally considered tasks and roles to be clearly defined, work groups to be supportive, efficient units and work satisfying. There was no statistically significant correlation on the affective scales for the number of patient attendances, on call commitment or staffing numbers. Senior staff with more than 10 years experience in the specialty reported more satisfaction with work and work group functioning, and perceived their tasks and roles to be significantly clearer. Consultants over 45 evaluated their work groups favourably and were more likely to view them as cohesive, smoothly functioning units than senior registrars. The results probably reflect the ad hoc coping strategies adopted by a group of doctors, who have already demonstrated appropriate personality characteristics by completing a long training programme, with no realistic alternative late career opportunities. To prevent mid or late career attrition, however, A&E doctors should receive formal training in stress recognition and avoidance. Accessible counselling without stigma should be easily available. Senior A&E doctors have a role in detecting and managing stress amongst other staff in the department.
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PMID:Correlates of work-related stress among consultants and senior registrars in accident and emergency medicine. 811 Mar 15

Quality-of-life (QOL) in patients with respiratory illness is a topic of increasing interest to clinicians and researchers. In a multicentre trial, which studies the long-term effects of three medication regimens (beta-agonist plus either placebo, anticholinergic agent or corticosteroid, all by inhalation) in patients with chronic nonspecific lung disease ((CNSLD): asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)), quality-of-life was included as an additional outcome measure. We wanted to provide a baseline assessment of quality-of-life in 274 adult patients with a mild to moderate degree of CNSLD. Quality-of-life was measured using a set of six standardized tests: Anxiety, Depression and Sleep Disorders, Optimism and Stigma, and Activities of Daily Living were assessed via scales with adequate validity and reliability, as established in previous work in Dutch patients with CNSLD. We found that quality-of-life was mildly impaired in these patients. Although differences with a reference group were present throughout, these were not significant, probably due to selection of relatively young, clinically stable, and highly motivated patients for our study. Quality-of-life scores showed higher correlation coefficients (0.20 < r < 0.38) to symptom scores than did results of pulmonary function tests (r < 0.015). In logistic regression models, absence from work and hospitalizations due to CNSLD were partly determined by quality-of-life scores.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Quality-of-life in a long-term multicentre trial in chronic nonspecific lung disease: assessment at baseline. The Dutch CNSLD Study Group. 811 42


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