Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of surgical stress on resistance to i.v. challenge with Walker 256 tumour cells was investigated in rats, with respect to the functional state of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Phagocytic activity of the RES was evaluated by colloid (gelatinized [131I] "RE test lipid emulsion") clearance, and opsonin levels were determined by bioassay. Reticuloendothelial clearance capacity was significantly (P less than 0-05) depressed 60 min following surgery (coeliotomy plus jejunal enterotomy) as quantified by both humoral and cellular parameters of RE function. Phagocytic depression was primarily due to impaired hepatic Kupffer cell function and related to a deficiency in the phagocytic supporting capacity of plasma, also referred to as opsonic or recognition factor (RF) capacity. During the postoperative period of RES colloid clearance depression, pulmonary localization of the blood-borne test particulate matter increased. Rats challenged with 51Cr-labelled viable tumour cells at a dose of 1-0 X 106 i.v., either prior to or during the postoperative period of RE depression, manifested a significant (P less than 0-05) increment in pulmonary localization of the viable tumour cells, and a decrease (P less than 0-05) in hepatic clearance. Evaluation of survival patterns demonstrated a significant (P less than 0-01) decrease in host resistance to i.v. tumour cell challenge (2 X 103 cells) during the postoperative period of RE depression and hypo-opsonaemia. Sham-anaesthetized control animals survived 17-9 +/- 0-8 days, while animals challenged during the period of RE depression survived 7-9 +/- 0-4 days. An increased incidence of respiratory distress and nasal discharge was observed in the animals with impaired survival. Thus, surgical manipulation may transiently compromise RES systemic host defence and may be reflected in an increment in the pulmonary localization of blood-borne tumour cells. The relationship of this altered pattern of tumour cell distribution to the impaired survival remains to be determined, and warrants investigations.
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PMID:Decreased resistance to intravenous tumour-cell challenge during reticuloendothelial depression following surgery. 97 4

Ceftiofur sodium was evaluated as a therapy for respiratory infections in horses. This cephalosporin antimicrobial was administered intramuscularly every 24 h and at a dose of 2.2 mg/kg (1.0 mg/lb) of body weight. The efficacy of ceftiofur sodium was compared with that of a positive control drug, ampicillin sodium (recommended dose of 6.6 mg/kg [3 mg/lb], given every 12 h). Both treatments were continued for 48 h after clinical symptoms were no longer evident (maximum of 10 days). Fifty-five (55) horses with naturally acquired respiratory infections were included in the study; 28 were treated with ceftiofur and 27 with ampicillin. Clinical improvement was recorded for 92.9% of the patients treated with ceftiofur and 92.6% of the animals receiving ampicillin. Both therapies reduced body temperatures to an afebrile level after 2 days of treatment. Complete recovery/cure was noted for 78.6% of the ceftiofur patients and 59.3% of the horses treated with ampicillin. Supporting variables (depression/malaise, respiration/dyspnoea, nasal discharge) were assessed and these also substantiated the effectiveness of the treatments. Both antibiotics were well tolerated. Neither pain nor swelling were noted at the ceftiofur injection site(s). None of the animals developed diarrhoea. Data from this study indicated that ceftiofur sodium is an effective and safe treatment for respiratory infections in horses.
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PMID:Treatment of respiratory infections in horses with ceftiofur sodium. 850 46

Eight cases of snakebite occurred in seven of 11 captive Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) during June and July 1987. Severity of reactions to envenomation varied; affected elk presented with combinations of signs that included painful swelling restricted to the face and muzzle, submandibular edema, inspiratory dyspnea, epistaxis, frothy, blood-tinged nasal discharge, epiphora, anorexia and anxiousness or depression. We observed puncture wounds in only two cases. Treatment consisted of dexamethasone (about 0.1 mg/kg subcutaneously, single dose) and procaine penicillin G (about 25,000 IU/kg subcutaneously, once or twice daily, for 5 to 6 days), as well as revaccination using clostridium and tetanus toxoids. Swelling resolved and elk recovered in 3 to 5 days without complications. Using immunodiffusion, we detected serum antibodies to prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) venom in six of seven affected elk, demonstrating seroconversion in three cases and anamnesis in one elk bitten twice. Venom was undetectable in any serum samples using similar techniques.
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PMID:Snakebite in captive Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni). 250 25

Fourteen calves were inoculated intranasally (i.n.) with the viral isolates as follows: 5 with 85/BH 16TV, 1 with 85/BH 17TV, 1 with 85/BH 18TV, 2 with 85/BH 231TN and 5 with 85/BH 232TN. Strain 85/BH 16TV was the only one which caused overt respiratory-like disease in all inoculated calves. Onset of the disease was observed after 7-8 days of incubation and was characterized by fever, depression, nasal discharge and coughing. Virus was isolated from the nasal swabbings of calves obtained from post-infection day (PID) 2-10. The other viral strains did not cause any sign of disease although virus was isolated regularly from the nasal swabbings of the inoculated calves. Virus was recovered from central nervous system tissues of calves that were infected with 85/BH 16TV or 85/BH 232TN strains and were killed on PID 4 or 8. Virus was also isolated from other tissues, such as lymph node, nasal mucosa (PID 8), or lung (PID 4). It was speculated that the nervous system could be one of the target areas of the virus of the naturally occurring infection by BHV-4. This might indicate a possible role of the nervous system (site of latency?) in the pathogenesis of BHV-4 as is the case in certain herpesviral infections of man and the lower animals.
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PMID:Experimental infection of calves with strains of Bovid herpesvirus-4. 303 1

P. equorum is a common and ubiquitous parasite that persists for many years in stables and on pasture in spite of good hygiene and anthelmintic control programs. Foals are usually infected early in life. During the migratory phase of the infection, clinical signs include coughing and a nasal discharge followed by depression and unthriftiness as the worms mature in the gut. Some foals die as a result of intestinal impaction or rupture. Patency is established around 3 months of age, and fecal egg counts may rise to very high levels. From 6 months of age onwards, the ascarid burden diminishes as the foals become immune. Patent infections are seldom found in mature horses and, when present, they tend to be of low magnitude. Preventive measures are aimed at treating foals frequently enough to prevent the development of a large mass of ascarids in the intestine. This is achieved by a 6-weekly dosing regimen using an anthelmintic with proven and reliable efficacy against P. equorum.
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PMID:Ascarids. Recent advances. 352 75

Fibrinous pericarditis, fibrinous pleuritis and pneumonia associated with Streptococcus zooepidemicus were observed in two lambs in a small flock of sheep. These lesions were reproduced in lambs inoculated intratracheally with Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Clinical signs included pyrexia, serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge, dyspnea and depression followed by death in six to seven days. Histologically the tissue changes were characterized by an acute inflammatory response involving bronchioles and alveoli, fibrinous pleuritis and fibrinous pericarditis.
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PMID:Streptococcus zooepidemicus infection in sheep. 427 67

In September 1980, an outbreak of febrile respiratory disease was observed in a herd of sows (1-2 years of age) in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Most of the swine showed clinical signs of disease such as depression, anorexia, fever, nasal discharge, and cough. A hemagglutinating agent was isolated from a nasal swab from one of the diseased pigs. By cross-hemagglutination-inhibition and neuraminidase-inhibition tests with antisera to influenza viruses of swine origin, the isolate was identified as an influenza A virus of the H1N2 (former designation, Hsw1N2) subtype, and designated A/swine/Ehime/1/80 (H1N2). Significant antibody rises against the surface antigens of the isolate were found in convalescent swine sera. The distribution of antibody against H1N2 virus in swine sera in Ehime Prefecture was examined. Seven (8%) of 93 sera collected after the outbreak (in 1981) showed antibodies to only H1 and N2 antigens but none of the sera before the outbreak contained such antibodies, indicating that H1N2 virus had been restricted prevalent among swine but was not wide-spread until 1981.
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PMID:Further isolation of a recombinant virus (H1N2, formerly Hsw1N2) from a pig in Japan in 1980. 630 8

A disease with clinical signs and histological lesions similar to malignant catarrhal fever in cattle was transmitted from Rusa deer (Cervus timorensis) to rabbits. This was accomplished on 3 separate occasions, and the disease was serially passaged in rabbits up to 11 times. The clinical signs in affected rabbits were pyrexia, depression, anorexia, mucopurulent conjunctivitis, nasal discharge and diarrhoea. These signs were seen in 27 of 38 inoculated rabbits with the mean incubation period being 12 days (range 8 to 20 days). Histologically, affected rabbits exhibited mononuclear perivascular cuffing and vasculitis in the brain, heart, liver and kidney. Lymph nodes and spleen showed destruction and loss of mature lymphocytes and lymphoid follicles and an increased number of large lymphoblastoid cells. These clinical signs and lesions were not detected in control rabbits. The disease was not transmitted to cattle, sheep, guinea pigs or mice, nor was an agent isolated in cattle, deer or rabbit tissue cultures, or in chicken embryos.
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PMID:Malignant catarrhal fever in farmed Rusa deer (Cervus timorensis). 2. Animal transmission and virological studies. 711 34

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was transmitted to a bison (Bison bison) by intravenous inoculation of whole blood obtained from a calf showing signs of experimental MCF. Clinical signs evident on the 25th day following inoculation included depression, weakness, epiphora, serous nasal discharge, watery diarrhea and multifocal ulcerations of oral mucosa. Gross and histopathological lesions observed in the bison were similar to those in cattle with a few qualitative differences. Compared to bovine cases, MCF in bison was characterized by more severe edema, congestion, and hemorrhage and accumulation of fewer lymphoid cells in lesions.
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PMID:Experimental transmission of bovine malignant catarrhal fever to a bison (Bison bison). 743 30

Equine viral arteritis was diagnosed for the first time in the United Kingdom in 1993. The outbreak began on a non-thoroughbred stud in south Nottinghamshire and spread to five other premises through chilled semen used for artificial insemination and from acutely and subclinically infected mares returning home. The outbreak was contained on these six premises by means of voluntary movement restrictions. The most commonly observed clinical signs were typical: pyrexia with depression, and conjunctivitis with periorbital oedema; nasal discharge, and oedema of the distal limbs, prepuce and mammary glands were less common. The first mare to be covered by a recently imported stallion was the first animal to be affected. The mare was resident and no new mares had arrived on the stud during the previous five months. About 100 animals became infected during the outbreak, including three indigenous stallions. Equine arteritis virus was isolated from semen and heparinised blood samples and seroconversions were demonstrated by using the equine arteritis virus neutralisation test. Although the outbreak was contained, the free movement of animals within the European Union increases the possibility of infected stallions being introduced into the UK.
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PMID:First recorded outbreak of equine viral arteritis in the United Kingdom. 760 17


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