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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was initially given to protect women against osteoporosis and alleviate menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, depression, sleep disturbances, and vaginal dryness. In view of the understanding of oestrogen deficiency as a major trigger for the acceleration of cardiovascular risk after menopause, HRT may also be proposed as a substantial beneficial cardioprotective agent. Progestins, which may be added to oestrogen in combined HRT to reduce the risk of uterine malignancy, have a number of potential adverse effects on the cardiovascular system which could even attenuate the benefit of unopposed oestrogen replacement therapy in post-menopausal women.
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PMID:The relative effects of progesterone and progestins in hormone replacement therapy. 1092 19

More than 250,000 women have a bilateral oophorectomy every year. With surgical menopause, the onset of menopausal symptoms is abrupt and often dramatic. Oophorectomy offers relief from physical conditions for many women; however, those with preexisting psychological and some physical problems tend to experience postsurgical exacerbation of those problems. Loss of estrogenic and androgenic underpinnings may destabilize women with unstable psychiatric axes. Surgically menopausal women may also experience a decline in sexual interest and activity. The relation of surgical menopause to physiologic and sexual well-being is described in this article. The link between hormonal levels and psychological well-being has been well documented. Depression seems to be increased at times of changing hormone levels in women, possibly a result of the effect of estrogen levels on serotonergic activity and its impact on other neurotransmitters. In addition, a sex-specific association with specific psychological disorders has been described in the literature and will be reviewed in this article. The potential benefits of estrogen or estrogen/androgen therapy on libido and mood are discussed, as are findings that estrogen-androgen therapy correlated with less anxiety and hostility and with increased positive feelings when compared with estrogen-only treatment.
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PMID:Psychological consequences of surgical menopause. 1130 79

The authors sought to identify a subgroup of women who are likely to experience psychological distress in the period around menopause. A sample of 189 women (mean age=49.49) was selected from the general population and rated for menopausal status, menopausal symptoms, depression, anxiety, perceived control, body image, and sex role. Menopausal symptoms were not found to discriminate between pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women. Factor analysis of the symptoms yielded a specific somatic factor that correlated with menopausal status but not with psychological variables and a nonspecific psychosomatic factor that correlated with psychological variables but not with menopausal status. This suggests that psychological distress during the menopausal transition may indicate a personal psychological or physiological vulnerability rather than a specific reaction to the menopausal events.
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PMID:Psychological distress around menopause. 1135 Nov 15

Little information is available about the relationship between quality of life of women who have survived breast cancer (specifically, symptoms including those of menopause and depression) and the quality of their diet. In this cross-sectional study, 117 women with known primary breast cancer completed a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) reflecting usual diet during the past year, a Survey of Feelings and Attitudes using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) and a survey that includes menopausal symptoms among others common to women with a history of breast cancer. When women's responses to the FFQ were scored using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), most often diets were evaluated as those that 'need improvement' with a mean total HEI score of 67.2. With regard to the CES-D scores, study women averaged 9.5, with 19 women being classified as clinically depressed. HEI and CES-D scores were inversely related (p = -0.22, p = 0.02). A negative correlation was also observed between energy-adjusted calcium intakes and CES-D scores (p = -0.19, p = 0.04). Clinical depressed women had not only lower HEI scores and calcium intakes, but also lower grain and variety scores. Comparisons to national data for disease-free women and that available for those with breast cancer suggest that our study women consumed diets low in energy and dietary variety. Diet quality may be an important factor influencing the manifestation of depressive symptoms in breast cancer survivors or conversely, poorer diet quality may be an outcome of depression.
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PMID:Self-reported dietary habits, overall dietary quality and symptomatology of breast cancer survivors: a cross-sectional examination. 1188 9

Fifteen patients were enrolled in a pilot study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of acupuncture for the treatment of menopausal symptoms in tamoxifen-treated patients. Patients were evaluated before treatment and after one, three and six months with the Greene Menopause Index and were treated according to the traditional Chinese medicine. Anxiety, depression, somatic and vasomotor symptoms were improved by the treatment; libido was not modified. Acupuncture seems to be safe and effective for the treatment of menopausal symptoms in women with previous breast cancer taking tamoxifen. Confirmatory studies with a larger number of patients and with a placebo-treated group are warranted.
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PMID:Acupuncture in the treatment of menopause-related symptoms in women taking tamoxifen. 1208 52

The use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for treatment of negative mood or affect, including problems such as depression, is not recommended in current public health guidelines or by reviewers of recent scientific findings. In this article we describe a preliminary examination of the relationship of HRT use to psychological affect and distress in the general population of middle-aged New Zealand women. A questionnaire survey was sent to 1,000 New Zealand women between the ages of 45-60 who were selected at random from the electoral roll. Among 494 respondents, no relationship was found between any measure of positive or negative mood or distress and HRT use. Other study variables, such as menopausal symptoms and self-reported health, were more likely to predict psychological outcomes. Our study supports previous findings. Nevertheless, the use of HRT to treat negative mood is currently widely accepted by the public and promoted by pharmaceutical companies.
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PMID:The relationship between hormone replacement therapy use and psychological symptoms: no effects found in a New Zealand sample. 1214 18

The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the prevalence and course of fatigue in patients with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy and to examine factors relating to fatigue. Fatigue is one of the most common side effects of chemotherapy. High and fluctuating prevalence rates of fatigue have been found not only during but also after adjuvant chemotherapy. The intensity of fatigue seems to be stable throughout the treatment cycles, despite the common perception that more chemotherapy treatments lead to greater fatigue. The first two days after a chemotherapy treatment seem to be the worst period. The influence of factors such as pain, impaired quality of sleep, and depression are be highly consistent across several studies, although it is often not clear whether it is the symptoms that cause the fatigue or vice versa. The outcomes of the studies indicate that several symptoms are interrelated in a network of symptoms. Factors such as changes in weight, menopausal symptoms, coping, social support, and biochemical changes have been mentioned in the literature as potentially contributing to fatigue. Results have been conflicting and need further study.
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PMID:Fatigue in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: a review of the literature. 1218 97

Hormone replacement therapy aims to protect against osteoporosis and alleviate fastidious menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, depression, sleep disturbances and vaginal dryness. In view of the acknowledgement of estrogen deficiency as a major trigger for the acceleration of cardiovascular risk after menopause, hormone replacement therapy may also be proposed as a substantial beneficial cardioprotective agent. The effects of progestins on lipoprotein profile and vasomotor tone are dependent on the chemical structure and the scheme of administration of progestins, with androgenic progestins and cyclical therapy having a potential detrimental effect. Prospective primary and secondary prevention studies, however, suggest that the adjunct of non-androgenic progestins to estrogen therapy is at least as effective as estrogen replacement therapy in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Data from recent randomized secondary prevention studies have to be viewed with caution.
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PMID:How progestins influence the cardiovascular effect of hormone replacement therapy. 1222 81

The Ohio Midlife Women's Study was longitudinal with measurements occurring at three, 9-month intervals. Our purpose in doing this research was to examine predictors, moderators, and outcome variables associated with the transition to midlife in Caucasian and African American women. Predictor variables included loss and gain of resources. Moderators included menopause symptoms, menopausal status, attitude toward menopause, coping, and demographic characteristics. Outcome variables included anxiety, depression, and health promoting activities. To obtain the proposed final sample of 160 midlife women, an initial sample of 103 African American and 105 Caucasian "healthy" women were recruited in the community. Consistent predictors of anxiety were loss of resources, coping effectiveness, and education. Consistent predictors of depression were loss of resources and education. Health promoting activities were consistently predicted by attitude toward menopause and coping effectiveness. Stress is a better predictor of negative health outcomes than menopausal status.
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PMID:The Ohio Midlife Women's Study. 1241 83

Menopause is a process, either naturally or medically induced, that occurs in nearly all women at some point in life. Some of the most commonly reported symptoms associated with menopause are hot flushes/flashes, fatigue, headaches, irritability, insomnia, and depression. These symptoms overlap with symptoms commonly reported in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) as well as postconcussive syndrome. This overlap between symptoms commonly associated with menopause and neuropsychological conditions makes it necessary to have the base rates of these symptoms and conditions available. The purpose of the present review was to consolidate the clinical literature on the most commonly reported menopausal symptoms and to calculate the base rates associated with these symptoms.
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PMID:A review of symptoms commonly associated with menopause: implications for clinical neuropsychologists and other health care providers. 1458 9


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