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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an open study, we determined whether there were sex differences in the mood ratings of non-deprived light smokers and nonsmokers under baseline conditions and after completing a battery of cognitive tests that were mildly stressful. Male and female students who were light smokers (5-12 cigarettes a day) were tested immediately after smoking their usual cigarette, at a time that they normally smoked. They were compared with a group of male and female students who were nonsmokers and did not differ on age, IQ, personality measures, anxiety or depression. Compared with the nonsmokers, both male and female smokers felt overall significantly more discontented, troubled, tense, quarrelsome, furious, impatient, hostile, annoyed and disgusted and experienced greater dizziness. The performance of distracting cognitive tasks did not reveal anxiolytic effects of smoking, and after performance of these tasks, both smokers and nonsmokers became more discontented and anxious. In addition, after the cognitive testing, both male and female smokers showed greater increases than nonsmokers in feeling spiteful, rebellious, incompetent and in sweating, suggesting that they experienced greater mood changes in response to cognitive stress. There were no overall differences between the smokers and nonsmokers in the performance of divided or sustained attention tasks or in episodic memory. It is unlikely that either nicotine withdrawal or differences in cognitive performance could account for the greater anxiety, discontent and aggressive mood that was found in smokers.
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PMID:Mood differences between male and female light smokers and nonsmokers. 1217 65

Seventy unwed pregnant patients in states of mild to moderate depression evidenced by one or more symptoms (tenseness, "nervousness," crying spells, listlessness, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, insomnia and overeating), received informal psychotherapy and a sustained-release capsule combining d-amphetamine sulfate and amobarbital.Forty-eight patients had complete or substantial relief of symptoms, 15 had partial relief, seven had slight or no relief. Use of the preparation seemed to make tense, "nervous" patients more communicative and amenable to counseling, but was less effective in listless, easily fatigued patients. Because of its direct mood-alleviating action and its ability to facilitate psychotherapy, the d-amphetamine sulfate-amobarbital combination proved a very effective treatment for mild and moderate depression accompanying pregnancy.
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PMID:Prepartum depression; a study of seventy unwed mothers treated with d-amphetamine sulfate and amobarbital. 1352 17

The present study investigates the effects of short- and long-term life review interviews on young adults' psychological well-being. Study 1 investigates mood using the Japanese UWIST adjective checklist (yielding two scores: Tense Arousal which represents low hedonic tone and Energetic Arousal which represents high hedonic tone). Results show that Energetic Arousal significantly increased after life review, although Tense Arousal did not change. Study 2 investigates self-esteem and mental health (measured by the General Health Questionnaire-6 factors: General Illness, Somatic Symptoms, Sleep Disturbance, Social Dysfunction, Anxiety and Dysphoria, Suicidal Depression). Both self-esteem and mental health scores increased after life review. With regard to factors of mental health, General Illness and Anxiety Dysphoria scores were much higher than those on Somatic Symptoms, Sleep Disturbance, Social Dysfunction, and Suicidal Depression. There was also a significant difference between before and after scores on General Illness, Somatic Symptoms, Sleep Disturbance, and Anxiety Dysphoria, but not in Social Dysfunction and Suicidal Depression. That is, short-term life review led to higher hedonic tone scores, and long-term life review led to better mental health scores in healthy young adults. These results suggest that both short- and long-term life review in an interview promote young adults' immediate psychological well-being. Further research is required for young adults who have psychological problems.
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PMID:The effects of short- and long-term life review interview on the psychological well-being of young adults. 1465 Jun 93

The main aim of the present study was to explore the midlife experience for women living in Australia and Japan. The specific objectives of the study included: (i) comparing menopausal symptoms between the two groups; and (ii) comparing the factor structure of symptoms and exploring their relationship to menopausal status. Postal questionnaires were distributed to two structured, random population based samples of midlife women aged 45-60 years; consisting of 712 women living in Australia and 1502 women living in Japan. Analysis showed significant differences in menopausal symptoms related to psychological symptoms (P < 0.001), including anxiety (P < 0.001) and depression (P < 0.001), somatic symptoms (P < 0.001), and vasomotor symptoms (P < 0.01). The analysis, which excluded hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users, found that there were significant differences seen across menopausal status in the following symptoms: difficulty in sleeping (P < 0.01), difficulty in concentrating (P < 0.01), feeling dizzy or faint (P < 0.001), loss of interest in most things (P < 0.01) and loss of feeling in hands or feet (P < 0.001). In the postmenopausal stage specifically, significant differences were seen in the areas of feeling tense or nervous (P < 0.01), feeling unhappy or depressed (P < 0.01), parts of body feeling numb or tingling (P < 0.05), headaches (P < 0.01), and sweating at night (P < 0.05). Our analysis revealed that the experience of menopause for women is different between Australian and Japanese women.
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PMID:Relationship between menopausal symptoms and menopausal status in Australian and Japanese women: preliminary analysis. 1529 65

Six studies regarding forgiveness are presented. The Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), a self-report measure of dispositional forgiveness (with subscales to assess forgiveness of self, others, and situations) was developed and demonstrated good psychometric properties. Forgiveness correlated positively with cognitive flexibility, positive affect, and distraction; it correlated negatively with rumination, vengeance, and hostility. Forgiveness predicted four components of psychological well-being (anger, anxiety, depression, and satisfaction with life); forgiveness of situations accounted for unique variance in these components of psychological well-being. Forgiveness and hostility demonstrated equivalent, inverse associations with relationship duration, and forgiveness accounted for unique variance in relationship satisfaction, even when controlling for trust. Forgiveness level correlated positively with decreased negativity in statements written about transgressions in the present versus the past tense.
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PMID:Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. 1574 33

An 80-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a spontaneously appearing bullous dermatosis limited to the soles of both feet, causing an intense pruritus. She also suffered from Parkinson's disease and depression, and had been treated with levodopa, benserazide, and mirtazapine for several years. On clinical examination, we found several tense and hemorrhagic bullae, with a diameter of up to 3 cm, at both plantar sites and multiple, confluent, dyshidrotic vesicles ( Figs 1 and 2). The rest of the skin, including the mucous membranes and palms, was normal. The first clinical diagnosis was podopompholyx, but histopathologic findings and direct immunofluorescence revealed a diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid, showing subepidermal blisters (Fig. 3) and linear deposits of C3 and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Indirect immunofluorescence was positive, the IgG autoantibodies bound to the epidermal site of salt-split skin, and circulating antibodies against bullous pemphigoid antigens 1 and 2 were found. Because of this typical clinical picture, a diagnosis of dyshidrotic pemphigoid, a localized form of bullous pemphigoid, was made. Under systemic treatment with prednisolone, 40 mg/day, the skin healed completely within 2 weeks. Descriptions of dyshidrotic pemphigoid limited to the soles of both feet are very rare, and the clinical findings might easily lead to a misdiagnosis of podopompholyx.
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PMID:Localized pemphigoid on the soles of both feet. 1581 Oct 84

An association between serotonin transporter gene 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and development of depressive states in response to different distant and proximal stressors has been reported previously. We studied 5-HTTLPR polymorphism effect on probability of development of mental maladaptation and its peculiarities in 224 relatives of patients with severe chronic mental disorders: schizophrenia, schizoaffective and affective disorders. The SS genotype was associated with elevation on the scale Hypochondriasis of the MMPI that indicated intensity of the autonomic component of anxiety and more concern about health as well as increased sensitivity. At the same time, its relation to depression and anxiety measured by the scale Depression was tentative. The association was stronger in men than in women. Moreover, men with the SS genotype were more tense, suspicious, detached and experienced difficulties in concentration (scales Paranoia and Schizophrenia) as compared to those with other genotypes. The results imply a role of the short allele in augmenting and modulation of psychopathological reaction in response to chronic stressful situation in relatives of psychotic patients.
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PMID:[Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism modulates psychic maladaptation in relatives of patients with endogenic psychoses]. 1731 Jul 97

This study assessed the concurrent validity of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (Ham-A) for evaluating anxiety in a group of 46 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The magnitude of correlations between the scales was high (all p<0.01), indicating a good concurrent validity. The item-by item analysis indicated that the main characteristics of anxiety in PD patients were 'inability to relax', 'restlessness or inability to feel calm' and 'feeling tense'. The association between anxiety, as measured by the HADS-A, with demographic characteristics or clinical features of PD was not significant, supporting existing data suggesting that anxiety in PD is not closely correlated with the severity of motor symptoms or the degree of disability. The HADS-A may be the most appropriate scale for documenting patient-reported anxiety in depression.
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PMID:Evaluation of anxiety in Parkinson's disease with some commonly used rating scales. 1797 42

This article is a literature review of the psychological aspects of smoking behavior, highlighting personality characteristics of the smoker as an obstacle to smoking cessation. It describes the relation between smoking behavior and personality, and between smoking and the principal psychiatric disorders. Studies reveal that smokers tend to be more extroverted, anxious, tense, and impulsive, and show more traits of neuroticism and psychoticism than do ex-smokers or nonsmokers. The literature also reveals a strong association between smoking and mental disorders, such as schizophrenia and depression. Understanding the psychological factors associated with tobacco smoking and dependence can further the development and improvement of therapeutic strategies to be used in smoking-cessation programs, as well as of programs aimed at prevention and education.
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PMID:Psychological characteristics associated with tobacco smoking behavior. 1802 59

A 28-year-old woman presented with a history of clicking and mandibular clenching. She was studied clinically and with axial and coronal CT. The patient was going through a tense emotional period and reported tightening of her teeth (clenching); she was under psychological and neurological treatment for depression including pharmacological therapy. She presented slight pain only at maximum mouth opening at the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and in the lateral pole on palpation; there was no coincidence between initial and maximal interocclusal contacts because of premature dental contacts. She showed occlusal group function in the right side and canine guidance in the left side with a right contact of balance, local muscular pain in the right deep masseter muscle and in the superior and middle portion of the right trapezium on palpation. On CT, a spherical area of 3 mm diameter with an average density of -647 HU (SD+/-4.7) was found in the upper and posterior area of the lower space of the right TMJ, together with a thicker lower synovial tissue. This observation was confirmed by MRI. Like other joints, the TMJ could present vacuum phenomenon images inside synovial tissue in the presence of degenerative disease. It is important for radiologists to recognize this rare entity.
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PMID:Vacuum phenomenon in the temporomandibular joint: a clinical, computed tomography and magnetic resonance case report. 1846 May 79


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