Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Propofol 2.5 mg/kg was compared with thiopentone 5 mg/kg as an induction agent for elective Caesarean section. Thirty-two healthy women with cephalopelvic disproportion were included in an open randomised study. The placental transfer of propofol was also studied in 10 other mothers given a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg. The induction characteristics and haemodynamic response to propofol and thiopentone were similar. Side effects were rare with both agents, but propofol caused more discomfort on injection compared to thiopentone. Recovery times were shorter after propofol as evaluated by time to orientation, recovery scoring after anaesthesia and measurements with the Maddox wing. Rapid placental transfer and significant fetal uptake were detected for propofol. There was no significant neonatal depression as assessed by Apgar scores and blood gas analyses. Propofol appears to be a suitable alternative to thiopentone as an induction agent for anaesthesia in elective Caesarean section.
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PMID:Comparison of propofol and thiopentone for induction of anaesthesia for elective caesarean section. 280 24

The authors have evaluated the psychotropic drug use patterns and psychological distress (with the Symptom Distress Checklist, SCL-90) amongst 331 elderly medical inpatients. Forty-two percent of the sample took psychotropic drugs during their hospitalization period. The drugs most commonly used were anxiolytics and hypnotics of the benzodiazepine class. Subjects to whom psychotropic drugs were prescribed reported higher psychological distress compared to those not receiving them; however, a score of moderate distress in the depression and sleep disturbances subscales was reported by a relatively high percentage of subjects not receiving psychotropics. Patients taking antidepressants reported scores of psychological suffering higher than those under benzodiazepine treatment: such a difference not only related to the depression subscale, but to the majority of the symptom areas investigated by the SCL-90.
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PMID:Use of psychotropic drugs in general medical geriatric inpatients. Relationship with various parameters of psychological distress (evaluated 'in blind'). 288 51

A double-blind randomised crossover trial of oral micronised progesterone and placebo had demonstrated that progesterone had beneficial effects over placebo for some mood and physical premenstrual symptoms. A further trial using identical methodology was carried out to assess whether dydrogesterone would have the same beneficial effects. Prospective assessment confirmed the presence of a premenstrual syndrome in 30 women. Of these, six withdrew during the 4 months of the study. Twenty-four women completed the double-blind crossover protocol. All women were interviewed premenstrually before treatment and in each month of treatment. They completed the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, Mood Adjective Checklist and a Daily Symptom Record. Analysis of data found an overall beneficial effect of being treated for most variables. Further analysis showed that the most major effects occurred in the first 2 treatment months. This study could find no evidence that dydrogesterone was more effective than placebo in treating premenstrual complaints.
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PMID:Treatment of premenstrual syndrome. A double-blind trial of dydrogesterone. 295 7

This study compared findings of a community group of women (n = 32), who claimed they did not require help for menstrual cycle complaints, with a patient group (n = 75) with confirmed premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Subjects completed a battery of psychological tests to identify personality characteristics, levels of depression, anxiety, stress and marital adjustment. Menstrual cycle symptoms were assessed with the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ, Moos, 1985) during follicular (day 6-8) and premenstrual phases (day 26-28) of two adjusted cycles and with daily symptom ratings. Daily 24-h urines were collected for oestradiol and pregnanediol levels for one cycle. After prospective assessment, the non-clinical sample were differentiated into those with pronounced cyclical symptom changes (Hi-volunteers, n = 13) and others with minimal cyclical changes (Lo-volunteers, n = 19). The total non-clinical sample could be distinguished from the patient group on depression, stress, and self-esteem scores. The non-clinical subgroup with pronounced cyclical symptoms is proposed as an 'at-risk' group for future treatment seeking.
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PMID:Menstrual cycle symptoms: comparison of a non-clinical sample with a patient group. 296 51

Evidence so far indicates two sources for excess mortality in panic disorder--suicide and cardiovascular morbidity. The risk for eventual suicide may rival that for primary depression, but the predictors and the necessary antecedents probably differ. The lapse between diagnosis and suicide may be larger for panic disorder, and complications such as secondary depression and substance abuse may be necessary. There are few well-established predictors for primary depression despite many relevant studies. The risk for suicide in panic disorder is barely recognized, and established predictors are accordingly remote. One study has demonstrated excess cardiovascular mortality among males with panic disorder, and another from the same center has provided weak support. Only one additional study has provided the necessary detail as to sex and cause, and those findings were quite supportive, although the subjects may have been mixed diagnostically. There are numerous feasible explanations for excess cardiovascular mortality in panic disorder and even some reason to believe that successful treatment might lessen it. To so advise patients would be not only premature at this point but unnecessary and countertherapeutic--unnecessary because these patients are motivated by discomfort to seek treatment and countertherapeutic because cardiovascular morbidity is what many of these patients pathologically fear. Rather, the findings suggest focus for future study. The initial findings of excess cardiovascular morbidity in males badly need replication, as do the more recent findings of Kahn et al. Likewise, animal models may reveal some of the pathophysiologic mechanisms at work. It is hoped that these efforts will converge in the not-too-distant future.
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PMID:Panic disorder and mortality. 304 10

In order to evaluate the relationships between endogenous opioid activity and premenstrual complaints, we subjected three groups of patients in the mid (days 8-12 prior to menses) and late (days 1-5 prior to menses) luteal phases of the cycle to a naloxone test and some of the patients to a luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) test. The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) group was composed of nine patients complaining of dizziness, irritability and depression close to menses for at least three years. The menstrually related migraine (MM) group was composed of 15 patients complaining of premenstrually related migraine. The common migraine (CM) group was made up of 16 women suffering from common migraine for years whose attacks occurred independently of menstrual cycle events. A group of seven fertile women served as controls. Every two days the patients filled out the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire for evaluation of their complaints. After the evaluation of spontaneous LH pulsatility for one hour, 4 mg of naloxone was injected as a bolus, and samples were collected every 15 minutes for 2 hours. Both estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured in basal samples from each naloxone test. LH responsiveness to LHRH was similar in the mid and late luteal phases and did not change between groups. In the mid luteal phase the LH response to naloxone in PMS and MM patients was similar to that in normal subjects, while CM patients had impaired LH secretion. In the premenstrual phase only the controls maintained an LH responsiveness similar to that observed in the mid luteal phase, while both PMS and MM lost the naloxone-induced LH release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Transient failure of central opioid tonus and premenstrual symptoms. 305 71

Twenty-one smokers underwent 24-h abstinence from cigarettes. Both prior to, and after, the abstinence period cardiovascular and subjective effects of smoking a cigarette were measured. Withdrawal symptoms found during abstinence were: irritability, depression, hunger, difficulty concentrating, restlessness and urges to smoke. In addition, the subjects reported feeling physically less well. Withdrawal discomfort was positively correlated with the strength of the subjective effects (e.g. dizziness, nausea) of smoking the post-abstinence cigarette after taking account of estimated nicotine boost from that cigarette. A similar, though only marginally significant association was found between withdrawal severity and heart rate boost from the post-abstinence cigarette. Our results suggest that the severity of withdrawal may be related to loss of acute tolerance to nicotine. It is not clear whether this is due to more rapid nicotine clearance, constitutional differences in sensitivity to nicotine in the absence of acute tolerance, or other factors. There was no evidence to support the view that higher chronic tolerance to nicotine's heart-rate effects was associated with more severe withdrawal. If anything, the reverse appeared to be the case.
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PMID:Loss of acute nicotine tolerance and severity of cigarette withdrawal. 313 4

This research sought to quantify the handicapping effect of skin conditions in a far more rigorous way than had previously been attempted. One hundred people who had attended a hospital outpatient clinic during a specified period for treatment of their acne, psoriasis or eczema were interviewed in their homes. A comprehensive and structured interview schedule was used and interviewees were encouraged to talk at length about the impact that their skin conditions had had on their lives. Detailed data were collected that show the serious effect that these diseases can have in several domains. The findings record not only the physical discomfort and inconvenience sufferers may meet but also the consequences for their personal and social life and daily functioning. There is evidence from interviewees' employment experiences of limited opportunities, and functional and interpersonal difficulties in the workplace. 64% of people said that their skin disease affected their socio-economic activity. The extent to which sufferers experienced embarrassment, anxiety, a lack of confidence and depression is documented. 40% of people felt that their social life was affected and there was evidence of particular stresses and demands in personal relationships. The social impact of skin disease is discussed.
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PMID:Skin disease and handicap: an analysis of the impact of skin conditions. 315 80

Stressors in the family and job environments have been proposed to play a role in the modulation of pain, yet direct empirical support for such a role is limited. The present study investigated the relationship between general stress, family and work environments (perceived social climate), psychological distress (anxiety, depression), and pain experience (sensory, affective, evaluative) in 33 ambulatory chronic low back pain (CLBP) subjects and 35 healthy controls matched for age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), weight, and height. Results indicated that environmental stressors/social climate measures, including family conflict, family control, and general stress (Social Readjustment Rating Scale), were greater in the CLBP group. Distress measures were also higher in the CLBP group. Characteristics of the family and work environments were found to be more predictive of the affective and evaluative dimensions of pain. Increased family conflict was associated with increased distress and increased pain, while increased family independence was correlated with less distress and increased pain. Less peer cohesion, less physical comfort, and less job clarity were correlated with increased pain, but not distress. Work pressure was associated with decreased depression and less pain. These findings suggested the presence of both stress and operant mechanisms in the modulation of pain in the family, while operant and distraction mechanisms appear to characterize the relationship among work environment factors and pain.
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PMID:Environmental stressors and chronic low back pain: life events, family and work environment. 316 37

We studied the role of somatosensory amplification, as measured by a self-report questionnaire, in symptomatology, overall discomfort, and disability in 115 patients with upper-respiratory-tract infections who visited an adult medical walk-in clinic. Multiple regression analyses indicated that amplification was a statistically significant predictor of the patients' localized but not systemic symptoms, of reported overall discomfort, and of their social and vocational disability. These relationships held true while controlling for differences in medical morbidity and sociodemographic characteristics. Amplification was closely related to, but distinct from, three measures of dysphoria: depression, anxiety, and hostility. The tendency to amplify a broad range of bodily sensations may therefore be an important factor in experiencing, reporting, and functioning with an acute and relatively mild medical illness.
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PMID:The amplification of somatic symptoms. 318 94


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