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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

100 women consecutively referred to a gynaecological clinic with premenstrual problems were prospectively assessed by daily completion of a set of visual analogue scales (VAS). The relationship of their symptoms to menstrual cycle phase was quantified by calculating the percentage change in symptom intensity between the premenstrual week and the postmenstrual week and also during menstruation itself. The results indicated that the physical symptoms of breast discomfort and swelling were more closely related to menstrual cycle phase than were the psychological symptoms of tension, irritability or lethargy and depression. Only 32 of the women showed reduction of the premenstrual psychological symptoms by 75% or more during the postmenstrual week, while the corresponding degree of physical symptom relief was recorded by 62 women. For almost half the women, adverse mental symptoms reached their peak after the onset of menstrual bleeding. Significantly fewer of the women with almost total (75% or more) relief of their psychological symptoms postmenstrually had a history of psychiatric treatment, marital breakdown, or more than three children, compared with those whose symptoms were less completely relieved. The results suggest that a large proportion of women who experience premenstrual symptoms suffer a premenstrual and/or menstrual exacerbation of problems which are present throughout the cycle and are therefore unlikely to respond to hormonal manipulation.
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PMID:The characteristics of 100 women presenting to a gynecological clinic with premenstrual complaints. 263 46

A psychological assessment (Symptom Checklist-90) was performed on 19 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Compared to the control group, the urticaria patients had significantly higher scores on the scales of somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, and anxiety. In general, the urticaria patients were quite anxious and experienced significant discomfort in interpersonal relationships. Based on the results of this study and other similar reports in the literature, it is suggested that adjunctive treatment of urticaria patients should focus primarily on stress management training aimed at relieving anxiety and group therapy which focuses on an exploration of interpersonal issues.
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PMID:Psychological components and the role of adjunct interventions in chronic idiopathic urticaria. 263 18

The rate of psychiatric morbidity and levels of psychological well-being and distress were assessed in groups of dialysis, renal transplant and general practice patients. Dialysis patients suffered from significantly higher rates of psychiatric morbidity, with 43 per cent falling into the probable psychiatric case range on the GHQ. Results from the Mental Health Inventory also showed dialysis patients to have a significantly poorer level of psychological adjustment than the other groups. While positive mental health states in dialysis patients were not significantly different from transplant and general practice controls, higher rates of psychological distress were found in patients on dialysis. Distress was characterized by a loss of emotional control and higher levels of depression.
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PMID:Psychological well-being and psychiatric disturbance in dialysis and renal transplant patients. 265 Jul 31

A double-blind study of patients selected at random compared the analgesic and adverse effects of intrathecal methadone (1 mg) with those of intrathecal morphine (0.5 and 1 mg). The study was conducted on 30 patients who underwent major orthopedic or urologic surgery. The intrathecal opioid was administered at the end of surgery, and assessments began 1 h thereafter and continued for 20 h. Pain measurements, supplementary analgesia requirements, and adverse effects were recorded. Intrathecal morphine (0.5 and 1 mg) provided effective and prolonged analgesia. Methadone, however, was unable to ensure the same degree of analgesia; consequently, the median pain scores were consistently higher following methadone than morphine (0.5 and 1 mg) (P less than 0.05). The time to the onset of discomfort severe enough to require supplemental morphine was longer after intrathecal morphine than that following methadone (24 and 29 h with morphine 0.5 and 1 mg; 6.5 h with methadone; P less than 0.05). Respiratory depression (increases PaCO2) was not associated with methadone and morphine 0.5 mg but was common following morphine 1 mg (P less than 0.05). Facial pruritus was unique to intrathecal morphine. Urinary retention requiring bladder catheterization was more frequent following morphine than methadone, although this was not statistically significant. Nausea and vomiting were common to all groups. Intrathecal morphine (0.5 and 1 mg) provides superior postoperative analgesia to 1 mg methadone. Various explanations for the observed differences between the drugs are discussed, including the possibility that the dose of methadone used in the subarachnoid space was inadequate and that a larger dose might have produced an effect equal to that of morphine.
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PMID:Intrathecal methadone and morphine for postoperative analgesia: a comparison of the efficacy, duration, and side effects. 235 28

A randomised double-blind study compared the dose-response relationship of intrathecal diamorphine (0, 0.25, 0.75, 1.5, and 2.5 mg) for postoperative pain relief, in 35 subjects who underwent total knee replacement surgery. Assessments commenced 2 h after the opioid injection and continued for 20 h. Pain, analgesic effect, supplementary analgesic requirements and adverse effects were noted. Intrathecal diamorphine was unable to delay the initial perception of discomfort. It was, however, capable of postponing the onset of severe pain requiring analgesic supplementation (control 5.25 h vs approximately 8 h: P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the quality of analgesia between the groups. Pruritus was the only undesirable feature unique to intrathecal diamorphine administration. Intrathecal diamorphine was safe and was not associated with clinically apparent respiratory depression. Its effects were inconsistent and its use was associated with irritating side effects. Possible explanations for the erratic behaviour of the diamorphine are discussed.
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PMID:Intrathecal diamorphine: a dose-response study. 233 97

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in 40 patients affected by multi-infarct dementia to see if a daily intravenous infusion of 3 mg co-dergocrine mesylate ('Hydergine') over 14 days would improve severely deteriorated elderly patients and shorten the latent period (3 months) which is observed when the drug is given orally. All the patients had severe mental impairment, psychological deficit or altered consciousness. A Hachinski score of 7 or more, and a cumulative score of at least 12 points on SCAG scale Items 1, 2 and 4 (anxiety/depression) and/or Items 5, 6 and 8 (alertness/confusion) were required for admission. After 1 week of intravenous infusion of placebo, patients were randomly allocated to treatment with co-dergocrine mesylate or placebo, from Day 1 to Day 14. The solutions were infused over a period of 2 hours. During the follow-up period from Day 15 to Day 21, the patients did not receive any treatment. Thirty-six patients (17 on co-dergocrine mesylate, 19 on placebo) completed the study. The results, as rated on the SCAG scale, indicated significant improvements, in favour of co-dergocrine mesylate, in cognitive dysfunction, mood depression, withdrawal and overall impression. Furthermore, the factor fatigue on the Nowlis scale and clinical global assessments by physicians also showed significant advantages of the co-dergocrine mesylate group over placebo. Nine out of 17 co-dergocrine mesylate patients complained of side-effects, usually experienced during infusion; they consisted mainly of nausea (6 patients), gastric discomfort (2 patients), and tremor, nasal congestion, flushing, hypotension and hypertension (1 patient each). Despite the appearance of side-effects, general tolerability was rated as 'good' by both physicians and patients. It is concluded, therefore, that intravenous high dose co-dergocrine mesylate treatment has a fast and clinically relevant effect on the key clinical symptoms of multi-infarct dementia.
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PMID:Effects of intravenous high dose co-dergocrine mesylate ('Hydergine') in elderly patients with severe multi-infarct dementia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 268 Feb 86

1. Assessment of older adults with behavior problems considers factors contributing to the behavior; potential psychosocial interventions; patient characteristics influencing medication action; and medication characteristics influencing therapeutic and adverse effects. 2. Anxiety, agitation, and other behavioral problems in demented patients might arise from their inability to verbally express complaints such as pain and discomfort. 3. Although constant blood levels of medication are most effective for ongoing management of behavior problems, as needed doses can be used to establish the optimal dosing schedule. 4. Medications in low doses can be used to improve the patient's response to psychosocial interventions for behaviors such as anxiety, agitation, depression, and sleep disorders; but they should not be used as the only intervention.
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PMID:Geropharmacology treatment: behavioral problems extend nursing responsibility. 272 43

This paper describes a newly invented apparatus, the Dysphorimeter. By manipulating a selector-slide, the patient can indicate the levels of depression or anxiety. The Dysphorimeter emits increasingly noxious sounds when moved downward on a scale of 1 to 10. The patient is asked to match the discomfort created by the sound to that of his depression or anxiety. In contrast to current means of measurements, the Dysphorimeter is not dependent on verbal response and factual reporting, and it is responsive to sudden mood changes. With schizophrenics and normal controls, the Dysphorimeter was found to show reliability and validity and better discriminative ability than methods currently in use.
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PMID:The Dysphorimeter: an objective analogue for the assessment of depression, anxiety, pain, and other dysphoric states. 275 Oct 11

A variety of measures was used to assess the relationship of psychosocial distress and perceived health status among 1,034 older (65+) members of an HMO. Distress was measured by recent life events, four types of social strain, and the CES-D, a measure of depression/demoralization. The distributions of these measures and perceived health status indicate that this sample was relatively healthy and undistressed. The strength of the associations within each group of variables is significant but generally modest. Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis with demographic variables, social support, and religiosity as controls, the strongest associations are between health status and the CES-D, life events, financial strain, and the strain of being single (unmarried respondents only).
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PMID:Psychosocial distress and perceived health status among elderly users of a health maintenance organization. 276 74

An infusion of propofol was compared with intravenous boluses of diazepam as sedation for minor oral surgery under local anaesthesia in 12 healthy patients who had elective bilateral surgical extraction of lower third molars; the patients served as their own controls. Plasma catecholamine, vasopressin and cortisol concentrations were determined from repeated blood samples. The total administered dose of propofol was 3.93 (SD 1.34) mg/kg and of diazepam 0.28 (SD 0.07) mg/kg. No cardiovascular depression or airway problems occurred. Other side effects were also rare but some discomfort on injection was frequent with propofol. Recovery times were faster after propofol than after diazepam as assessed by the Maddox wing and visual analogue scales. Propofol also provided better amnesia compared to diazepam at the time of the extraction of the teeth. Eight of the 12 patients subjectively preferred propofol sedation. There was no hormonal stress response in either group.
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PMID:Propofol infusion for sedation in outpatient oral surgery. A comparison with diazepam. 280 18


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