Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Yalom's "curative factors" provide a helpful "here and now" model for inpatient group therapy with incest survivors. 2. Psychiatric nurses are in an excellent position to identify female patients who have been sexually abused and to establish and conduct therapy groups for these women. 3. Preparation of women for the group by the therapist is an essential prerequisite for successful integration into the group. 4. During hospitalization, some of the women may experience brief psychotic episodes, suicidal ideation, self-mutilation, and increased depression, which may preclude group attendance for brief periods. However, these experiences will provide ongoing opportunities for exploration of group feelings of anger, helplessness, despair, and alienation.
 ...
PMID:Resolving incest experiences through inpatient group therapy. 279 50

Effect of acute administration of a benzodiazepine-inverse agonist, FG-7142, on forced swimming-induced depression was investigated in mice. A single injection of FG-7142 (40 mg/kg) showed a delayed increase in behavioral despair, the peak effect being observed on the 5th and 6th day of FG-7142 administration. beta-Adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline significantly potentiated FG-7142-induced behavioral despair. FG-7142-induced depression was sensitive to reversal by chronic treatment with propranolol or desipramine. These observations suggest that the inverse agonist FG-7142 upregulates beta-adrenoceptor population leading to behavioral despair in mice.
 ...
PMID:Benzodiazepine inverse agonist FG-7142-induced delayed behavioral depression in mice. 285 32

Disruption of social attachments in social primates produces a protest-despair response. In rhesus monkeys, the response is probably adaptive in the feral environment, although the despair stage resembles human depression in many respects. The severity of the response varies between individuals and is affected by deprivation of certain classes of social stimuli during development. Social deprivation is associated with differences in the concentrations of noradrenaline (NA) in cerebrospinal fluid and in responses to agents that affect catecholamine systems. Thus, early rearing conditions and pre-existing genetic or perinatal differences between monkeys can have long-term effects on the response to social separation, and NA system release and/or receptor mechanisms are involved. NA systems appear to mediate adaptation to the environment from the level of perception to reorganization of neural tissue. Adaptation to the social environment may involve a cascade of changes that begins with behavioural coping attempts and terminates in structural reorganization of regions of the cerebral cortex. Processes at each level occur within environmentally appropriate but neurobiologically constrained time-frames. The cerebral NA system may be an adaptive mechanism that can fail or be damaged. Behavioural changes caused by such damage or failure would be manifested by inappropriate responses to environmental contingencies and inability to change behaviour to adapt to the prevailing environment. These features of NA system disorder could be common to depression and several other forms of human psychopathology.
 ...
PMID:Causes of changes in brain noradrenaline systems and later effects on responses to social stressors in rhesus monkeys: the cascade hypothesis. 288 Jun 99

Previous studies have shown effects of MIF-1 (prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide) and Tyr-MIF-1 (tyrosyl-prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide) in animal models of depression and also effects on dopaminergic function. These observations prompted us to examine whether the effects of the two peptides in the behavioral 'despair' test were modulated by dopamine antagonists. MIF-1 and Tyr-MIF-1, at the small dose of 0.01 mg/kg i.p. (24, 5 and 1 h before the test), produced a significant anti-immobility effect. This effect was antagonized by a single injection of either haloperidol or sulpiride, two dopamine receptor blockers. The same low dose of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine was without significant effect in this test. The results indicate that Tyr-MIF-1, like MIF-1, is active in the behavioral despair test for antidepressants and that at least some of the CNS actions of these peptides are mediated by dopamine receptors.
 ...
PMID:Blockade of brain dopamine receptors antagonizes the anti-immobility effect of MIF-1 and Tyr-MIF-1 in rats. 290 71

The novel antidepressant moclobemide is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO), preferentially of type A. Moclomide was active in three animal models considered predictive for antidepressant activity: 1) it prevented dose-dependently akinesia and blepharospasm induced in mice and rats by Ro 4-1284, a short-acting amine releasing agent. Prevention of akinesia by moclobemide also depended upon the dose of Ro 4-1284. For comparison also, effects of cimoxatone, harmaline, tranylcypromine and clorgyline are presented: 2) in cats, it selectively and dose-dependently suppressed rapid eye movement sleep without disturbing the sleep-wakefulness cycle; and 3) in the behavioral despair test in mice, it decreased the immobility score to a similar degree as amitriptyline or imipramine. In addition, moclobemide potentiated 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced stereotypies in rats with a potency similar to cimoxatone and with a duration of action of less than 24 hr. Moclobemide had almost no effect on the spontaneous behavior in mice, rats, cats and monkeys. Only in higher doses, marginal sedation and slight impairment in motor performance were seen. Moclobemide did not prevent pilcarpine-induced salivation in mice, demonstrating the absence of anticholinergic activity. Blood pressure and heart rate of freely moving, spontaneously hypertensive rats were only slightly decreased for less than 3 hr. Moclobemide moderately potentiated the pressor effect of p.o. tyramine in rats. In conclusion, the reversible MAO inhibitor moclobemide is active in animal models sensitive to all major drugs used in the treatment of depression. In contrast to imipramine-like antidepressants, it lacks anticholinergic activity and it differs from classic MAO inhibitors by potentiating only weakly the pressor effect of p.o. tyramine.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacological profile of moclobemide, a short-acting and reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A. 291 84

Occurrence of depressive behavior at mature age was studied in rats exposed neonatally to antidepressant drugs. Early antidepressant treatments have been shown to increase voluntary alcohol consumption and the percentage of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep relative to total sleep time in adult rats as well as to cause long-lasting reduction in the concentrations of monoamines in the forebrain. In the present study rats were daily given either 5 mg/kg desipramine or 25 mg/kg zimeldine from the 7th to the 18th postnatal days. When they were 2 months and 5 months of age behavioral 'despair' was studied by using a modified version of Porsolt's swim-test. At both ages the desipramine-treated and zimeldine-treated rats expressed lengthened immobility times in the water pail. The findings indicate that neonatal exposure of rats to desipramine or zimeldine induces behavioral 'despair' at mature age. Thus, early exposure of rats to antidepressants causes long-lasting behavioral disorders, and, moreover, may be used to devise an animal model of subsequent depression.
 ...
PMID:Increased adult behavioral 'despair' in rats neonatally exposed to desipramine or zimeldine: an animal model of depression? 296 Sep 86

The role of the central histaminergic system in depression was studied by using swimming despair test in mice - a behavioural model of depression. In this test, immobility of mice reflects a state of depression. Intracerebral (ic) injection of histamine (50-200 micrograms) increased significantly the immobility. The H1-receptor blocker mepyramine (2.5-20 mg/kg ip) had no effect while H2-receptor blocker cimetidine (100-200 micrograms ic) caused a significant decrease in immobility. The histamine induced facilitation was blocked completely by cimetidine and antidepressant drugs-imipramine and desipramine, but remained unaffected in mice pretreated with mepyramine or atropine. The H2 agonist impromidine (20-40 micrograms ic) also enhanced significantly, the immobility which was blocked by cimetidine and antidepressant drugs. It has been concluded that central H2-receptors facilitate depression and antidepressant drugs block central H2-receptors.
 ...
PMID:Role of central histaminergic mechanism in behavioural depression (swimming despair) in mice. 296 13

Suicide in the elderly has been underemphasized in gerontological research. This deficit is even more surprising as the aged, especially the very old male group, have the highest suicide rate in the population. This pattern has not markedly changed over time. The very old male is at highest risk of suicide, a fact still waiting for a conclusive explanation. Epidemiologists have predominantly investigated four groups of risk factors for suicide in old age; (1) chronic and painful illnesses, (2) psychiatric disorders (mainly depression), (3) conflicts and stress in interpersonal relationships, and (4) social isolation and loneliness. Suicide finally results from stressful life events, losses and conflicts, which, through an accumulating effect, end up in hopelessness and despair. The research literature does not offer a convincing explanation for the characteristics of suicide in old age. Sociologists (e.g. Durkheim) have tried to explain suicide in the aged by stressing the "anomic" situation in old age, characterized by disintegration, the "roleless role" decreasing influence and weakening ties to groups and institutions in society. Psychiatrists on the other hand (e.g. Ringel, Henseler) offer explanations derived from a psychodynamic point of view. In their opinion, suicide is the final solution to a severe neurotic crisis. The psychiatric explanation for suicide tends to neglect stressful life events, losses and environmental influences which result in an intolerable life situation, and finally in a self-destroying reaction. The life-event paradigm and the cognitive personality theory give the opportunity to develop a model in which environmental and psychological (personality) variables can be exemplified. Furthermore, their interdependence can be described. The function of this model is primarily heuristic. It can stimulate more specific research in the field of suicide and suicide attempts in old age.
 ...
PMID:[Suicidal behavior in the aged]. 307 Sep 99

The effects of various alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists on forced swimming-induced despair behaviour were studied in mice. Clonidine, B-HT 920 and guanfacine significantly prolonged the total immobility duration. Clonidine-induced behavioural despair was antagonized by prior treatment with yohimbine. The tricyclic antidepressants imipramine, desipramine, trimipramine, amitriptyline, nortriptyline and doxepin, the MAO inhibitor tranylcypromine, and the antimanic agent lithium reversed clonidine-induced behavioural despair. Chronic treatment with imipramine evoked more pronounced reversal as compared to acute treatment. Amphetamine, a psychostimulant, inhibited clonidine-induced enhancement of immobility duration but diazepam, a skeletal muscle relaxant was without any effect. On the other hand, adenosine showed potentiation of the submaximal response of clonidine. These observations suggest that clonidine-induced behavioural despair is probably mediated through its presynaptic action on alpha 2 adrenoceptors, resulting in reduced central noradrenergic outflow. The present data proposes a simple test system to induce depression-like syndrome in animals, sensitive to antidepressant therapy.
 ...
PMID:Clonidine--induced behavioural despair in mice: reversal by antidepressants. 308 33

Some clinical reports on antimanic, antidepressant and prophylactic effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) in manic-depressive illness have appeared since its initial use as an anticonvulsant drug. The present report deals with the effects of CBZ on two animal models of depression, namely the potentiation of amphetamine-induced anorexia, and the behavioral despair model. Carbamazepine (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) neither modified the methamphetamine anorectic effect, nor induced anorexia when administered alone. Subacute and chronic administration of imipramine (4 or 15 mg/kg) decreased immobility of rats in the behavioral despair model. Subacute and chronic administration of CBZ (40 mg/kg) also decreased immobility, whereas the dose of 10 mg/kg CBZ was effective only after chronic treatment. It was concluded that CBZ is similar to atypical antidepressants, since it did not potentiate the amphetamine-induced behavioral effect, but did have an effect on the behavioral despair model of depression.
 ...
PMID:The effects of carbamazepine on two animal models of depression. 311 87


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>