Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several important points should be considered regarding psychiatric symptoms in endocrine disorders. The presence of cognitive deficits in a patient presenting with anxiety, depression, or another apparently "functional" psychiatric complaint should raise the index of suspicion of organic etiology, with endocrine disorders high on the list. Psychiatric symptoms secondary to endocrine disturbance generally reverse, albeit slowly, with treatment of the primary hormonal abnormality. When significant disruption of cognitive functioning is evident, residual deficits may develop. Treatment with psychotropic agents for symptomatic relief of psychiatric complaints should be undertaken with great caution in patients with endocrine disorders.
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PMID:Psychiatric symptoms in endocrine diseases. Keys to identifying the underlying disorder. 398 24

Many psychiatric problems present themselves under the guise of physical rather than mental symptoms. THESE OCCUR IN SEVERAL CATEGORIES: (1) Psychological problems which work in conjunction with definitive organic pathology, such as the fear of death. (2) Symptoms produced by altered physiology or biochemistry resultant from an acute orchronic stress state. (3) A combination of A and B above. (4) Patients with an intense disease, such as hypochondriasis. (5) Psychiatric symptoms, such as depression, anxiety or apathy which develop antecedent or subsequent to a fearfully anticipated illness or procedure. These patients have certain characteristics in common. (1) They manifest a disproportionate concern over symptoms. (2) The symptoms are inconsistent with the usual pattern of organic disease. (3) The onset is concurrent with states of conflict. (4) There is usually a personal and family history of psychic and psychosomatic disorders. (5) Other psychiatric disorders are usually present. (6) Secondary gain is usually evident. These patients can be successfully treated within the hospital setting and within the framework of psychiatric consultation and psychotherapy.
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PMID:The psychosomatic emergency. 597 83

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists have been proposed for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia, but their therapeutic potential has been limited by side effects and toxicity. To elucidate further the role of GABA in neuroleptic-induced dyskinesias, we evaluated tetrahydroisoxazolopyridinol (THIP), a new, less toxic GABA analog and GABA receptor agonist, in both a dose-finding (single-dose) pilot study with five patients and a longer (four-week) placebo-controlled study with 13 patients. The patients were videotaped during a standardized examination; tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonian symptoms, and eye-blinking rates were rated blindly and randomly. The maximal short-term dose of THIP was 10 to 25 mg, whereas in the longer-term study the highest daily dose ranged from 20 to 120 mg. Tardive dyskinesia was unchanged during THIP treatment, but preexisting parkinsonism increased significantly and eye-blinking rates decreased. Psychiatric symptoms showed no significant changes, although tension and depression lessened. Side effects included sedation, confusion, dizziness, vomiting, and myoclonic jerks. Although THIP is not an effective new treatment for tardive dyskinesia, more specific GABA agonists should be evaluated in future studies of this syndrome.
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PMID:The effect of tetrahydroisoxazolopyridinol (THIP) in tardive dyskinesia: a new gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist. 612 70

Psychiatric symptoms and psychometric variables were assessed in thirty three female inpatients with anorexia nervosa. Our sample was a relatively "severe" group. All of the patients were still in treatment at the time of the study and had fulfilled the strict diagnostic criteria clearly defined by Crisp, Bruch, Russell, Dally and Gomez. Since the initial descriptions of anorexia nervosa were made, there has been a great confusion about whether it is a homogeneous illness or not. Our findings bear consistently with the clinical observation that there are distinct diagnostic sub-groups within the anorexia nervosa syndrome. Objective psychological measures lend support to the clinical evaluation that neurotic mechanisms (hysterical, phobic or obsessionnal features) are unusual in anorexia nervosa. Within the primary anorectics, the major clinical predictors of a poor outcome were: age (greater than 20 years), persistant amenorrhea and importance of weight loss. Within the 33 patients, the other predictors of a poor outcome were: small weight gain during treatment, absence of manifest distress (denial or satisfaction) and bulimia associated with self-induced vomiting. On the other hand, anxiety, depression and premorbid personality traits were not systematically associated with a poor prognosis. The population studied was heterogeneous in terms of MMPI profiles and Rorschach scores. The extent to which all our patients deviated from the norm on the Rorschach scores was not negligeable. The Rorschach variables linked to a clinical severity were the percentage of responses F (Form) and F + (form quality). The combination of these scores with the MMPI Anxiety Index (WELSH) lead to identify different sub-groups with a poor prognosis. According to H. Bruch theories, cognitive and perceptual difficulties, disturbance of body image of internal sensations as well as deficiency in identifying emotional states were very common. Rorschach responses of anorectic patients were compared with those of schizophrenic and depressed control groups of F% and F + % mean scores. The results showed that the anorectic group was closer to the schizophrenic group than to the depressed one.
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PMID:[Anorexia nervosa. A clinical and psychometric study]. 665 Oct 83

The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (PM) was studied among general hospital out-patients in a rural and in a semi-urban area of Kenya. There were no significant differences in the demographic features of psychiatric patients from the two areas, so the results were pooled: this gave a PM prevalence rate of 29 per cent among 388 patients. Anxiety and depression were the most frequent diagnostic categories. Alcoholism was more common in the rural than in the semi-urban area. There was no sex difference in the prevalence of PM and possible reasons for this, which is in contrast to western findings, are discussed. Psychiatric symptoms could be readily elicited when present. Patients showing them had been ill longer than non-PM patients. The study suggests that clinic staff not psychiatrically trained should be able to identify and treat psychiatric morbidity, even when it is presented as somatic illness.
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PMID:The frequency of psychiatric disorders among patients attending semi-urban and rural general out-patient clinics in Kenya. 685 Jan 76

Psychiatric symptoms were investigated and compared in 95 patients with Alzheimer type dementia (DAT) and in 39 patients with Parkinson's disease with dementia (PD-D). The diagnosis of the dementia and psychiatric disorders was based on DSM III R criteria; dementia stage was assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). PD-D were significantly older than DAT patients. Delirium was more frequent in the advanced stages of both PD-D and DAT, being mainly of the hypoactive type in PD-D and the hyperactive type in DAT. Delusions and hallucinations predominated in the early CDR stages of both illnesses and did not differ between groups; the same was true for depression. The results revealed different psychopathological profiles in DAT and PD-D patients.
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PMID:Differing patterns of psychiatric impairment in Alzheimer and demented parkinsonian patients. 787 58

Psychiatric symptoms as well as work, social, and physical functioning were compared in two groups of psychiatric patients (36 depressed only and 34 depressed in conjunction with an eating disorder) and 77 controls. In both groups, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores significantly improved from hospital admission to discharge and remained improved at 1.5 years postdischarge. As outpatients, the GAF, Zung Depression, and anxiety scores of both groups were significantly lower than for controls. Ratings of social functioning for depressed only outpatients did not differ from controls on five out of six measures. Predictors of posthospital improvement included high satisfaction with hospital treatment, high GAF scores on admission to hospital, perceived effectiveness of outpatient therapy, younger age, and an historical absence of sexual abuse or prior psychiatric hospitalization.
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PMID:Outcome assessment in depressed hospitalized patient. 787 15

A case of systemic lupus erythematodes (SLE) with development of a delusional depression is presented. Psychiatric symptoms in patients with SLE and in patients treated with glucocorticoids are discussed. The main psychiatric side effects of a therapy with steroids are a dose-dependent, reversible dementia like syndrome and a probably not dose-dependent provocation of psychosis. Furthermore the role of the dysregulation of the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in major depression is stressed and consequences for psychopharmacological treatment are emphasized.
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PMID:[Cortisone-induced delusional depression in systemic lupus erythematosus]. 797 64

Vigabatrin was designed to increase the levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. It does this by replacing GABA as a substrate for the action of the catabolic enzyme GABA-transaminase. As a result of this inhibition, neuronal GABA levels are elevated, resulting in enhanced endogenous GABA transmission. A number of clinical trials assessing the effect of vigabatrin in epilepsy have been completed. Vigabatrin is of proven benefit in partial seizures and secondarily generalised tonic clonic seizures, and it is licensed for use as adjunctive therapy in these conditions in several European countries. It has been shown to be effective in some epilepsy syndromes in children including West's syndrome, infantile spasms and cryptogenic partial seizures. Its effect on primary generalised tonic clonic seizures is variable, while there is considerable evidence that it has a deleterious effect on myoclonic and absence seizures. There have been a few reports of the benefits of vigabatrin in other neurological disorders including tardive dyskinesia, degenerative ataxias and GABA metabolism disorders. The adverse effects associated with vigabatrin are similar to those seen with other anticonvulsants, with a predominance of CNS effects including somnolence, fatigue, irritability, dizziness and headache. Psychiatric symptoms including depression and psychosis are seen in a small number of patients and cause the most problems. These often necessitate discontinuation of vigabatrin, which usually results in resolution of symptoms.
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PMID:A risk-benefit assessment of vigabatrin in the treatment of neurological disorders. 803 89

The purpose of this study was to examine the interrelationship of depressive symptoms with symptoms of anxiety, aggression, and substance abuse in Native Hawaiian adolescents. A total of 1,819 Native Hawaiian students were recruited from three high schools as part of the initial phase of an ongoing, 4-year, longitudinal, cross-sequential study. Psychiatric symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), Braver Aggression Dimension Scale (BADS), and Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory-Abbreviated (SASSI-A). Scales were standardized for this minority population. Depressive symptoms were strongly associated with symptoms of anxiety and aggression but only weakly associated with self-reported substance abuse. Girls had substantially higher scores than boys on all scales. Ninth graders reported more aggressive symptoms than did 12th graders. The educational level of the adolescent's main caregiver was not associated with symptoms reported in any of the scales. Native Hawaiian adolescents report similar symptoms and symptom clusters as do adolescents on the mainland U.S. However, Native Hawaiian adolescent girls report a greater number of symptoms in all categories when compared to boys. This distinguishes them from most mainland adolescent populations.
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PMID:Psychiatric symptoms of Hawaiian adolescents. 923 26


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