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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten captive-reared African black-footed penguins (Spheniscus demersus) from a large outdoor colony were monitored for avian malaria, using several diagnostic tests. One treatment regimen was evaluated. Thin smear blood evaluation enabled detection of seven parasitemias involving Plasmodium relictum and Plasmodium elongatum in the penguins. Leukocytosis (relative lymphocytosis) was characteristic of infected birds. Parasitemia was detected as early as 21 days prior to onset of clinical signs (depression, anorexia, regurgitation, pale mucous membranes, and respiratory distress). The single bird that died had clinical signs only a few hours prior to its death. Treatment consisted of 0.03 mg of primaquine phosphate base/kg body weight, administered orally once daily for 3 days. Oral chloroquine phosphate therapy, given simultaneously, was administered in an initial loading dose of 10 mg of chloroquine phosphate base/kg body weight, followed by doses of 5 mg/kg at 6, 18 and 24 hours after the initial chloroquine dose. This treatment regimen prevented mortality and cleared parasites from the blood. Recurrences of malaria occurred in two birds that had received this treatment.
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PMID:Avian malaria in African black-footed penguins. 52 78

Chronic left ventricular-atrial regurgitation (LVAR) was created in 8 dogs by means of an external conduit so that the effects of acute correction of regurgitation on the mechanics of left ventricular performance could be studied in detail. LVAR of 46 to 77 per cent of the total left ventricular (LV) output was associated with a depression of the LV inotropic state (downward displacement of the stress-velocity relationship, reduction in V max), reduced forward flow, and signs of cardiac failure. Acute occlusion of the shunt (analogous to return of mitral valvular competence) in the anesthetized, open-chest animal resulted in a statistically significant increase in the integrated LV systolic wall stress (afterload), which averaged 18 per cent. In the dog with greatest depression of the LV inotropic state, the increase in afterload was associated with a decrease in forward flow. Occlusion of the shunt had no significant effect on the inotropic state. This model of mitral regurgitation appears to be useful in assessing the effect of chronic LVAR on cardiac performance and may explain the hemodynamic deterioration observed in some patients with severe mitral regurgitation following valve replacement.
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PMID:Experimental mitral regurgitation: effects on left ventricular function before and after elimination of chronic regurgitation in the dog. 116 39

Four female fistulated camels (Camelus dromedarius), 4-5 years of age, were each given two grams of 10% monensin intraruminally daily for six days to study the effect of monensin on the rumen fermentation pattern. Signs of toxicity appeared on the sixth day, and included depression, anorexia, muscular weakness, inability to stand, salivation and regurgitation of ruminal contents. On the eighth day, two animals died. The ruminal contents were replaced in the survivors, but they died on the tenth and eleventh day from the start of the experiment.
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PMID:Monensin poisoning in dromedary camels. 145 38

At the time of cesarean section, the mother may suffer respiratory depression, hypotension, increased gastric acidity, and increased predisposition to regurgitation, and the newborn may suffer anesthetic-induced respiratory depression. Preanesthetic metaclopramide, cimetidine, and anticholinergic agent are recommended. Sedatives can be administered if necessary. Neuroleptanalgesic and low-dose general anesthetic, with local anesthetic line-blocks, are preferred techniques. Supportive care of the newborn is mandatory.
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PMID:Anesthesia for cesarean section in the dog. 158 11

A course of the disease of a 68-year-old female who had been taking medigoxin, furosemide, verapamil and an unknown amount of spironolactone and potassium salt due to congestive heart failure is presented. She was admitted to emergency department of the University Hospital Rebro after an episode of syncopal attack because of arrhythmia due to hyperkalemia (8.9 nmol/L). She has had a fast idioventricular rhythm, followed by atrial tachycardia after that and with fast ventricular rhythm, S-T segment depression and a tall and peaked T-wave. In the following electrocardiograms left anterior hemiblock appeared, a tall R-wave of the anterolateral location, supraventricular and ventricular premature beats and atrioventricular block of the first degree. The patient had signs of non-oliguric form of acute renal failure at the admission which was a partly explanation for the development of hyperkalemia, together with the use of spironolactone and potassium salt. After the treatment she had normal serum creatinine values. She suffered from combined mitral valve disease: stenosis with a predominant regurgitation of the II/III degree. She was discharged from the hospital in a compensated state with normal serum potassium values.
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PMID:[Syncope caused by iatrogenic hypercalcemia]. 209 72

Antenatal intrauterine fetal therapy has now become the target of numerous invasive diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers. Fetal motion during intrauterine fetal therapy not only makes these procedures technically more difficult but also increases the likelihood of trauma to the umbilical vessels and the fetus. Combination of high doses of sedatives, tranquilizers, and narcotics rarely results in adequate suppression of fetal movement. Such medication puts the mother at risk of respiratory depression, regurgitation and aspiration. The use of pancuronium or atracurium to temporarily arrest fetal movement in ten fetus is reported. After an initial ultrasound assessment of fetal lie, placental location, and umbilical cord insertion site, the fetal weight was calculated by the ultrasound parameters of biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference. Under ultrasound guidance, we injected pancuronium 0.15 mg/kg or atracurium 1.0 mg/kg using a 23-gauge spinal needle into the fetal gluteal muscle. Short-term paralysis of the fetus was induced in all cases. Fetal movement stopped by sonographic observation within 5.8 +/- 2.3 min in the pancuronium group and 4.7 +/- 1.8 min in the atracurium group. Fetal movements returned both to maternal sensation or ultrasonic observation by 92 +/- 23 min in the first group and 36 +/- 11 min in the second group. No adverse effect of the relaxant has been observed in any of the mothers. There was no evidence of local soft tissue, nerve or muscle damage at the site of injection on initial examination of the neonates after delivery. The use of neuromuscular relaxant in fetus was a safe and useful method.
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PMID:Intrauterine neuromuscular blockade in fetus. 219 Nov 76

Twenty-four patients with single ventricle, six with single left (SLV) and 18 with single right (SRV) ventricle, who received a Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt at an average age of 3.2 years were studied. Ventricular function was assessed angiographically by end-diastolic volume index (EDVI) and ejection fraction (EF), and attempts were made to measure ventricular mass index (VMI) and VM/EDV. In 14 patients, the preoperative and postoperative results (average 2.4 years after placement of BT shunt) were compared in SLV (n = 5) and SRV (n = 9) groups. The SLV group showed significant increases in EDVI, VMI, and VM/EDV without a significant change in EF. The SRV group showed significant increases in EDVI and VMI, while EF decreased and VM/EDV was unchanged. Late death from congestive heart failure occurred in five patients with SRV. Three patients with atrioventricular valve regurgitation suffered late death. Among the patients with SRV, the late death group had significantly lower preoperative EF and VM/EDV compared with the survivors (n = 13). All of those with a preoperative EF of less than 0.50 and a VM/EDV of less than 0.35 g/ml suffered late death. In summary, patients with SRV appear to fail to develop adaptational hypertrophy to volume loading after the BT shunt procedure, with concomitant depression in ventricular pump function. Also, late cardiac failure seems likely to develop when low EF and VM/EDV are present preoperatively.
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PMID:Analysis of the effects of the Blalock-Taussig shunt on ventricular function and the prognosis in patients with single ventricle. 244 94

A number of plants are capable of producing intoxication of sufficient severity as to cause death within 12 hours of the onset of clinical signs. Those most rapid in their lethal effects are the cyanogenic plants and yew. Nitrate-accumulating plants likewise are capable of causing sudden death with only a brief appearance of signs. Most toxic plants, however, typically either require a longer time for the intoxication to develop and become lethal or sudden death is the exception rather than the rule following ingestion. In these cases, diagnosis of the problem may be facilitated by recognition of arrays of clinical signs that appear. Seven major groups of presenting signs can be distinguished: dyspnea and polypnea, hemorrhage, prominent excessive muscular activity, depression and/or weakness, diarrhea and weakness, excessive salivation and/or regurgitation and/or colic, and weakness and incoordination and/or tremors. Based on these and accompanying signs in surviving animals, many of the causes of sudden death can be differentiated. In addition, pathological changes visible on necropsy and identification of plant fragments in the rumen and stomach may be of diagnostic value.
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PMID:Plants causing sudden death in livestock. 266 7

Myenteric ganglioneuritis and encephalomyelitis were diagnosed in an umbrella cockatoo. The cockatoo exhibited clinical signs that were milder than those associated with this syndrome, such as anorexia, muscle wasting, regurgitation, depression, and changes in fecal consistency. The gross lesions also differed from earlier reports in that only the duodenum and proximal jejunum were grossly dilated. Normally the proventriculus and ventriculus are dilated without visible intestinal changes. The histopathological lesions, however, such as perivascular cuffs in the brain stem and muscular mass of the ventriculus and proventriculus, were similar to earlier reports. A virus was suspected, although transmission and isolation of a virus has not occurred in other reports and was not attempted in this case.
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PMID:Encephalitis, proventricular and ventricular myositis, and myenteric ganglioneuritis in an umbrella cockatoo. 275 72

Scimitar horned oryx (Oryx dammah), kept under confined and unconfined conditions were immobilised with etorphine in combination with acepromazine or xylazine or both, and with xylazine alone. Both groups of animals were successfully sedated with etorphine and xylzine, with or without acepromazine, although hypothermia and mild hypoxaemia and a fall in packed cell volume were frequently noted. Xylazine alone produced a dose dependent degree of sedation in semitame subadult animals kept in confinement, but only slight depression in their wild, unconfined counterparts. If xylazine was not included in the immobilising mixture induction was traumatic and full sedation not achieved. Heart rates and arterial pressures (systemic and pulmonary) were also monitored but no remarkable changes were noted. The only abnormalities in blood biochemistry were raised aspartate transminase and creatine kinase. Ruminal regurgitation could be a major problem if endotracheal intubation was not achieved early in the procedure.
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PMID:Physiological effects of etorphine, acepromazine and xylazine in the scimitar horned oryx (Oryx dammah). 277 9


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