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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Food intake, appetite and a variety of feelings were measured pre- and post-operatively in obese patients undergoing jejuno-ileal bypass surgery. Decreased food intake correlated closely with the amount of weight loss at both 4 and 30 months after surgery. Malabsorption correlated with weight loss at 4 months but not 30 months post-operatively. The cause of the decreased food intake is unknown and cannot be completely explained by either depression, nausea, malabsorption, liver disease, an attempt to avert diarrhoea, or decreased appetite.
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PMID:Reduced caloric intake following small bowel bypass surgery: a systematic study of possible causes. 42 87

Changes in appetite and weight were examined in a group of 47 carefully diagnosed primary depressives who were treated in a random design with either placebo (N = 17) or amitryptyline (N = 30) over a 35-day protocol. While the amitriptyline treated group as a whole showed a greater gain in weight than did the placebo group (4.5 vs. 0.5 lb, p less than 0.05), no differential effects could be demonstrated between drug responders and nonresponders. Likewise, while a consistent relationship between the self-report of decreased appetite and final weight change was noted in the placebo group, no simple relationship between final weight change and self-reported changes in appetite were apparent in the drug-treated patients. There was, however, a relationship between the report of decreased appetite and clinical severity of depression in the drug nonresponder subgroup despite significant weight gain during the protocol. Thus, weight change during this study period did not appear to show a simple relationship to corresponding clinical change. The clinical lore that has supported the notion that increased appetite and weight gain in patients being treated with tricyclic antidepressants are "good" signs cannot be confirmed by our findings.
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PMID:Changes in weight during treatment for depression. 53 13

Most older adults in the United States live at home and are well nourished. Approximately 5% to 6% reside in nursing homes, and this segment of the older population typically suffers from multiple diseases that contribute to a high incidence of malnutrition. Forty percent of hospital beds are occupied by older persons. This article addresses the causes of malnutrition in older persons institutionalized in long-term and acute-care facilities. The causes include changes in nutrient requirements secondary to disease processes and drug modalities in combination with low or marginal dietary intake. Infections are common and result in anorexia, poor dietary intake, and malnutrition, which predispose the patient to another infection. Occurrence of decubitus ulcers is related to nutritional status and presents a serious risk for older persons with limited mobility. Depression and dementia are commonly seen in older persons and are major contributors to poor appetite and malnutrition. Cancer cachexia accounts for about half of the cases of malnutrition in older institutionalized persons. Physiologic changes that occur with age and multiple drug use place older persons at a high risk for adverse drug reactions. Less body water in the older individual influences and complicates many aspects of treatment. Standards, methods, and interpretation of nutritional assessment measurements in older persons differ from those in younger adults. The nutrition care provider must carefully consider many complex physical, medical, and psychosocial factors to deliver individualized nutrition care.
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PMID:Malnutrition in the institutionalized older adult. 151 70

Advances in neuropeptide neurobiology in the last decade are illustrated by studies of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the 41 amino acid-containing peptide that controls the anterior pituitary secretion of adrenocorticotropin and other pro-opiomelanocortin products. Corticotropin-releasing factor is synthesized in both hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic perikarya in a large prohormone form, (186 amino acids), then it is processed and transported to nerve terminals where it is released in its active form by a calcium-dependent mechanism. Corticotropin-releasing factor biosynthesis can now be measured by in situ hybridization because of the elucidation of the CRF gene sequence. Once released, CRF acts on high-affinity CRF receptors, and signal transduction is mediated by activation of adenylate cyclase in certain brain areas, and perhaps by phosphoinositide hydrolysis. In other brain areas CRF is inactivated by peptidases that degrade the hormone, though these are not well characterized. A CRF binding protein has been identified in plasma, and perhaps in brain. Considerable evidence exists from cerebrospinal fluid studies, postmortem tissue receptor measurements, and CRF stimulation test studies to support the hypothesis that CRF is hypersecreted in depression, resulting in both pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity and certain signs and symptoms of depression, e.g., decreased libido, insomnia, and decreased appetite. There is also evidence for an involvement of CRF in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders and in the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines. The development of selective CRF-receptor antagonists will permit direct testing of the hypothesis that CRF hypersecretion is responsible for certain of the cardinal features of affective and anxiety disorders.
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PMID:New vistas in neuropeptide research in neuropsychiatry: focus on corticotropin-releasing factor. 161 Apr 87

Epidemiological studies and studies of clinical populations suggest that there are primarily two opposite patterns of seasonally recurring depressions: summer depression and winter depression. In addition, there is preliminary evidence that the two seasonal types of depression may have opposite types of vegetative symptoms. In the present study, we prospectively monitored symptoms of depression in 30 patients with recurrent summer depression and 30 sex-matched patients with recurrent winter depression and compared the symptom profiles of the two groups. Consistent with predictions based on the earlier reports, we found that winter depressives were more likely to have atypical vegetative symptoms, with increased appetite, carbohydrate craving, weight gain and hypersomnia, and that summer depressives were more likely to have endogenous vegetative symptoms, with decreased appetite and insomnia. A cluster analysis performed on the patients' symptom profiles without reference to season of occurrence of their episodes separated 78% of the summer depressives and winter depressives from each other on the basis of their symptoms (chi 2 = 19.29, P less than 0.001).
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PMID:Contrasts between symptoms of summer depression and winter depression. 179 Dec 62

Sixty-three women with clinical and urodynamic evidence of stress incontinence were evaluated before and after incontinence surgery for symptoms of depression, nervousness, tension, sleep disturbances, decreased appetite, somatic weakness and headaches. Women treated successfully with surgery demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in their subjective psychologic status (P less than .05). Unsuccessful treatment, however, was not associated with a significant change in or deterioration of their symptoms. All the symptoms were evaluated individually to ascertain the specific effects of treatment. Sleep disturbances were significantly improved with successful treatment and worsened with unsuccessful treatment (P less than .05). Tension was significantly improved with successful therapy (P less than .05) but was unchanged if surgery was unsuccessful. Depression became worse with subjectively unsuccessful surgery. Headaches and appetite were not affected by the therapeutic outcome. Therapy can be instrumental in affecting the psychologic status of women with stress incontinence. If the psychologic disability continues after therapy and/or treatment is unsuccessful, a referral for psychologic evaluation should be considered.
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PMID:Stress incontinence in women. Psychological status before and after treatment. 181 93

Ten young horses with signs of simple partial obstruction of the small intestine were found upon surgical exploration of the abdomen to have chronic intussusception of the distal ileum into the cecum. Poor general physical condition, intermittent or continual abdominal pain of varying degree, depression, and poor appetite were consistent clinical findings. Rectal palpation in eight animals was suggestive of an incomplete or intermittent obstruction of the small intestine. Laboratory determinations were not helpful in making a diagnosis. Dilatation and hypertrophy of the distal jejunum and ileum were associated surgical findings indicating chronicity of the problem. Surgical correction utilizing an end-to-side or a side-to-side anastomosis of small intestine to cecum resulted in recovery in 7 of 8 cases which could be followed long term. Failure to resect the abnormal segment of small intestine did not affect the outcome.
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PMID:Chronic ileocecal intussusception in horses. 276 49

There has been little systematic study of early signs of relapse in schizophrenia. Determination of a prodromal symptom profile could facilitate early intervention before the development of a full-blown episode. A structured questionnaire was used to assess prodromal symptoms in two samples of schizophrenic patients, one of which included family informants. The symptoms most frequently mentioned as appearing or worsening before psychotic episodes were tenseness/nervousness, decreased appetite, trouble concentrating, difficulty sleeping, depression, and social withdrawal. Subsequent prospective studies by others have generally verified the existence of these dysphoric affective symptoms prior to full relapse. The treatment implications of these nonpsychotic affective symptoms in the prodromal phase are outlined.
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PMID:Prodromal symptoms and prevention of relapse in schizophrenia. 286 53

The hypothesis that the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and rapid-eye-movement (REM) latency test are not biological markers for depressive illness but artifacts arising from dietary and sleep disturbances that accompany depression was examined in 28 normal volunteers. The restriction of calorie intake with moderate weight loss reproduced a pattern of response to dexamethasone closely resembling that claimed to be diagnostic of depressive illness. The shortened REM latencies claimed as a diagnostic marker were replicated in volunteers by mimicking the sleep pattern commonly found in depression. These changes could not be explained by the induction of mood disorder in the subjects. The results put in question the diagnostic value of the DST and REM latency tests in clinical practice, where sleep disorder and poor appetite, with reduced calorie intake, are the common accompaniments of depressive illness.
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PMID:Influence of sleep disruption and calorie restriction on biological markers for depression. 287 21

This single case study reports on a 74-year-old woman with 48-hour cycles of mood disturbance for 2 years. Every other day she awakened feeling sad with low energy, decreased appetite, fatigue, diminished enjoyment of normal activities, increased irritability, occasional self-deprecatory thoughts, and difficulty concentrating. On alternative days she was active, outgoing, energetic, and cheerful. Her past history was marked by mild postpartum depressions, not requiring treatment, with each of her six pregnancies, and a more severe depression at age 57, which seemed to respond to Premarin. During the recent 2-year period of mood swings, the patient was given trials of several heterocyclic antidepressant medications, but side effects precluded the use of therapeutic doses or durations of treatment. Reluctantly, the patient agreed to a trial of lithium carbonate. After the second week of lithium treatment, at a level of 0.4 mEq/ml, she reported marked improvement, feeling fine every day without mood fluctuations. After almost 1 year at this blood level, she remains asymptomatic. Thus, the patient's cyclic 48-hour unipolar depression responded dramatically and completely to low doses of lithium carbonate.
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PMID:Cyclic 48-hour unipolar depression. 312 83


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