Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of pretreatment with d-tubocurarine on the incidences of succinylcholine-induced fasciculations and post-operative muscle pain, and the time to onset of and 50% recovery from neuromuscular blockade were studied in 75 obstetric patients. Thirty women with term pregnancies undergoing general anesthesia for elective cesarean section or cesarean section indicated by cephalopelvic disproportion were randomly assigned to two groups. Group C-1 patients received 0.05 mg/kg of d-tubocurarine followed by 1.5 mg/kg of succinylcholine, and group C-2 patients received 1.5 mg/kg of succinylcholine, and group C-2 patients received 1 ml of normal saline followed by 1 mg/kg of succinylcholine. An investigator, unaware of the relaxant regimen used, judged severity of fasciculations and postoperative muscle pain and measured times to onset of and 50% recovery from neuromuscular blockade. This same study design was followed in a group of 30 women undergoing tubal ligation 1 day after vaginal delivery (groups T-1 and T-2). The incidence of both fasciculations and postoperative muscle pain was low and was not significantly different between pretreated and nonpretreated groups. Time to 100% twitch depression was also not significantly different between pretreated and nonpretreated groups. Time to 50% recovery from neuromuscular blockade was significantly longer in both nonpretreated groups (C-2 and T-2). An additional group of 15 patients undergoing general anesthesia for cesarean section using 0.7 mg/kg of succinylcholine without d-tubocurarine pretreatment was studied (group C-3). This smaller dose of succinylcholine produced onset and 50% recovery times similar to the group pretreated with d-tubocurarine (group C-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A comparison of d-tubocurarine pretreatment and no pretreatment in obstetric patients. 360 94

The myofacial pain-dysfunction syndrome and atypical facial pain are the most prevalent chronic pain disorders of the facial region. Previously, the myofacial pain-dysfunction syndrome included all TMJ/masticatory muscle pain, jaw dysfunction, and joint clicking. We have segregated two major subgroups subsumed within this diagnostic classification and have assigned them to a myogenic facial pain (MFP) group and a TMJ internal derangement (TMJID) group. Significant age and personality differences were uncovered when these subpopulations were compared to subjects with atypical facial pain (AFP). Both MFP and TMJID groups are relatively homologous, involving younger persons than AFP subjects. Alternatively, when MFP, TMJID, and AFP subjects were compared for differences in MMPI psychometric scales, MFP and AFP subjects exhibited significantly higher scores, particularly for hypochondriasis, depression, and hysteria, than did TMJID subjects. It is concluded that subcategorization of myofascial pain-dysfunction patients into a myogenic pain group and a TMJ internal derangement group is justified on the basis of psychometric differences. Furthermore, psychopathologic factors are more significant among MFP and AFP subjects than among TMJID patients.
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PMID:Psychometric profiles and facial pain. 386 39

Two patients with persistent myalgia characterised by onset after an ill-defined systemic illness, marked fluctuations in the severity of the symptoms, and normal neuromuscular examination with the exception of variable muscle tenderness on deep palpation, may have a forme fruste of myalgic encephalomyelitis. Differentiation from psychogenic muscle pain is important in management. Muscle histology revealed non-specific Type II fibre atrophy. Mitochondrial respiration was assayed polarographically in intact organelles in vitro and revealed a mild depression of State 3 respiration rates with Site I and Site II substrates.
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PMID:Chronic relapsing myalgia (? Post viral): clinical, histological, and biochemical studies. 386 22

To assess the efficacy of 4% topical lidocaine in spheno-palatine blocks, a randomized controlled trial was carried out on patients with chronic muscle pain syndromes. Sixty-one patients (42 with fibromyalgia (FM) and 19 with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS)) completed the trial. Outcome measures included pain intensity, a daily pain diary, headache frequency, sensitivity to pressure using a dolorimeter, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. Patients were randomized to receive either 4% lidocaine or sterile water (placebo) 6 times over a 3-week period. Both subjects and investigators were blind to treatment allocation. The results showed that 4% lidocaine had no superiority over placebo in any of the outcome measures. Twenty-one subjects (35%) showed a decrease in pain which was greater than 30% of their baseline value. Of these 21 subjects, 10 received lidocaine and 11 received placebo. These data suggest that, in this population, 4% lidocaine is no better than placebo in the treatment of chronic muscle pain.
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PMID:The use of topical 4% lidocaine in spheno-palatine ganglion blocks for the treatment of chronic muscle pain syndromes: a randomized, controlled trial. 747 10

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by abnormal fatigue, subfebrile body temperature, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, myalgia and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Typically, the syndrome develops after a flu-like illness and is markedly exacerbated by exercise. The etiology is unknown and there is no single diagnostic test. The patients may have cognitive dysfunction, immunological and endocrinological abnormalities and abnormal mitochondria. Magnetic resonance imaging scans may show increased uptake of signals in the brain, and single photon emission computerized tomography reveals regional hypoperfusion of the brain. The author discusses similarities and distinctions between the syndrome and depression.
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PMID:[Chronic fatigue syndrome--a review of the literature]. 757 May 37

In order to determine the occurrence of psychological disturbances the authors studied 47 women who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology Criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia and 25 random selected control patients without chronic muscle pain, all of whom live in Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. Personality disturbances were observable in 63.8% of the patients and 8.0% of the control group (p < 0.05); depression in 80.0% of the fibromyalgia group and 12.0% of the controls (p < 0.05) and anxiety in 63.8% of the patients and 16.0% of the controls (p < 0.05). The Hamilton test mean scores showed higher values for depression and anxiety among the fibromyalgia patients when compared to the control group. A significant association between fibromyalgia and depression, anxiety and personality disturbances was studied and recorded.
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PMID:Psychological aspects of Brazilian women with fibromyalgia. 759 74

Unless renal function is impaired or rhabdomyolysis is severe, hyperkalemia is a relatively uncommon metabolic complication of poisoning. In contrast, marked hypokalemia is a more common problem and may have serious sequelae. Most potassium disturbances in acute poisoning are due to disruption of extra-renal control mechanisms, notably the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase and K+ channels. Hypokalemia occurs because of increased Na+/K+ ATPase activity (e.g. beta 2 agonist, theophylline or insulin poisoning), competitive blockade of K+ channels (e.g. barium or chloroquine poisoning), gastrointestinal losses and/or alkalosis. Hyperkalemia follows inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase activity (e.g. by digoxin), increased uptake of potassium salts, disruption of intermediary metabolism (e.g. cyanide poisoning), activation of K+ channels (e.g. fluoride poisoning), and the presence of acidosis and rhabdomyolysis, particularly if the latter is complicated by renal failure. Hypokalemia results in generalized muscle weakness, paralytic ileus, ECG changes (flat or inverted T waves, prominent U waves, ST segment depression) and cardiac arrhythmias (atrial tachycardia +/- block, AV dissociation, VT, VF). Hyperkalemia is associated with abdominal pain, diarrhea, muscle pain and weakness, ECG changes (tall peaked T waves, ST segment depression, prolonged PR interval, QRS prolongation) and cardiac arrhythmias (VT, VF). Significant disturbances of potassium homeostasis are often unrecognized and may cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Prompt recognition and appropriate treatment of these disturbances could be life-saving.
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PMID:Disturbances of potassium homeostasis in poisoning. 762 96

A recent flurry of important studies has provided critical new information that is relevant to the contemporary understanding of the fibromyalgia syndrome. The concept that these patients represent solely a form of masked depression or a distinctive syndrome of somatization is not supported by the current facts. Rather it would appear that a characteristic peripheral nociceptive component is modulated by an interplay of complex central factors. A disruption of the neuroendocrine axis controlling growth hormone production may be the link between disturbed sleep and muscle pain, as growth hormone is produced predominantly during stage four sleep. A paradigm to link some of these newer findings is presented.
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PMID:Fibromyalgia and the facts. Sense or nonsense. 768 37

Whereas early formulations of addictive behaviour placed great emphasis upon withdrawal as a defining feature, current views focus more upon compulsive use as its central characteristic. However, the withdrawal syndrome continues to occupy an important place in the study of the addictions. It is interesting both in its own right and in relation to the development and maintenance of the compulsive use of drugs. Despite the attention devoted to withdrawal phenomena over many years, precise demarcation of the withdrawal symptoms associated with drugs of dependence has proved difficult to achieve. Withdrawal from all drugs of dependence appears to lead to mood disturbances although the extent to which these are due to the pharmacological actions of the drugs or to other physiological or psychological processes is unclear. Sleep disturbance is also common, although again direct links with the pharmacological actions of the withdrawn drug are yet to be established. Withdrawal from alcohol, benzodiazepines and opiates is often associated with somatic symptoms. In the former two cases, these can involve sweating, tremor and occasionally seizures. Perceptual disturbances have also been reported. In the case of opiates, flu-like symptoms are often reported, including muscle aches and gastric disturbances. In the case of nicotine, heightened irritability has been established as a direct pharmacological withdrawal effect. Characterization of stimulant withdrawal is still uncertain. There is little evidence of somatic symptoms but depression may occur as a result of a physiological rebound. There is also uncertainty over what role pharmacological withdrawal symptoms play in maintaining compulsive use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Overview: a comparison of withdrawal symptoms from different drug classes. 784 60

The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) is a rare systemic disease caused by presumably contaminated L-tryptophan. Thirteen outpatients with EMS were found to have a high degree of depression, anxiety, and difficulty adjusting to illness. Pre-EMS history of major depression but not EMS severity predicted poor adjustment to illness.
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PMID:Psychiatric aspects of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. 787 Nov 30


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