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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Macaque monkeys acclimatized to a restraint chair were fitted with indwelling venous and urinary catheters. After basal rates of urine production and creatinine clearance were determined, a 50 mg dose of plasma dialysate albumin fraction obtained from the woodchuck was administered intravenously in a total volume of 2.5 ml. Plasma fractions were collected during the winter interval of hibernation (hibernation "trigger" or HT), or during the summer active (SAWA) period. Although the SAWA fraction exerted no effects on renal function, HT caused a significant reduction in creatinine clearance. In addition, a tendency toward reduced urine flow and creatinine production occurred following the HT infusion. These findings suggest that over and above the hypothermia, aphagia and opioid-like behavioral depression induced by HT, the albumin fraction (HT) present endogenously in the woodchuck during winter torpor, exerts a direct action on the kidney of the primate, possibly on the mechanisms underlying glomerular filtration and the tubular reabsorption process.
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PMID:Hibernation "trigger" alters renal function in the primate. 403 98

A hibernation "trigger" factor derived from the blood of the hibernating woodchuck acts to suppress vital physiological processes in the primate. When infused into the cerebral ventricle of the conscious monkey, the factor induced hypothermia, behavioral depression, bradycardia and aphagia. The opiate antagonists, naloxone and naltrexone, either reverse or retard these behavioral and physiological signs. We hypothesize that the "trigger" molecule is an endogenous opioid-like peptide which may be unique to the hibernator. Moreover, the non-hibernating primate apparently possesses receptor sites in the brain that are capable of responding to this potent molecule.
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PMID:Hibernation "trigger": opioid-like inhibitory action on brain function of the monkey. 629 34

Growing male domestic fowl of an egg-laying strain were fed ad libitum and injected intraperitoneally with melatonin or intramuscularly with triiodothyronine (T3) to study the effects on sleep, food intake, blood glucose, e.e.g., oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. Melatonin caused a dose-related depression of food intake with sleep and aphagia lasting for 2 1/2 hr following 8 mg, drowsiness and greatly reduced intake following 4 and 2 mg and a slight reduction in food intake after 1 mg. T3 injection was followed by increased feeding within the range 50-200 micrograms. The higher dose (200 micrograms) completely prevented the effects of 10 mg melatonin injected simultaneously. Melatonin (10 mg) depressed plasma glucose levels whereas T3 (200 micrograms) elevated blood glucose. Either darkness or melatonin (10 mg) caused an increase in amplitude and a decrease in frequency of the e.e.g. Birds fasted for 3 hr before injection showed significantly lower oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production when given melatonin (10 mg); T3 had no effect within the 4 hr period after injection and did not modify the effects of melatonin. It is postulated that the rapid effects of melatonin and T3 which were observed result from direct effects of these hormones on the central nervous system.
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PMID:Involvement of melatonin and thyroid hormones in the control of sleep, food intake and energy metabolism in the domestic fowl. 641 55

Feeding efficiency (amount of food ingested per unit of feeding activity) was chronically depressed in male Sprague-Dawley rats recovered from the acute aphagia or hypophagia of lateral hypothalamic damage. The extent of depression varied with the severity of the acute feeding response to hypothalamic damage. Growth of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in intact rats increased feeding efficiency. Chronic lateral hypothalamic damage did not significantly attenuate tumor-induced increase in feeding efficiency but lowered the initial and maximum efficiency levels. Growth of the tumor-bearing host was depressed by residual lateral hypothalamic damage, but this depression was not related to the severity of the acute feeding response to damage.
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PMID:Extrahypothalamic mediation of changes in feeding behavior induced by growth of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in rats. 721 40

Interactions between the immune system and the brain are a key element in the pathophysiology of diseases such as multiple sclerosis, neuroAIDS, and Alzheimer's, which affect large numbers of individuals and are associated with a high social cost. However, the neuroanatomical basis of brain-immune interactions has not been elucidated. We report that in Wistar rats of either sex bilateral electrolytic lesion of the medial forebrain bundle reduces body weight by 28% 7 days after lesioning, and causes widespread infections, aphagia, adypsia, structural damage to the lymphoid organs and heavy depression of T lymphocytes cytotoxicity. The following alterations occur in the immune system after those lesions: the weight of the thymus, spleen and lymphonodes is reduced by 77.9%, 49.1% and 48.4%, respectively. The thymus is atrophied and contains fewer lymphoid cells in the cortex than in the medulla. In the spleen the white pulp is reduced and lymphoid cells from periarteriolar zones and at the chords are almost absent. In lymph nodes cortical small lymphocytes are depleted and primary and secondary nodules and germinal centers all but disappear. Cytotoxicity of lymphocytes is reduced by 86.2% in the thymus, 77.6% in the spleen and 70.2% in lymph nodes. The critical area of lesion is at the medialmost portion of the medial forebrain bundle, at the preoptic area and rostral part of the anterior hypothalamus. We suggest that this area contains neural circuits that are crucial for keeping the structure of lymphoid organs and the functional integrity of the immune system.
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PMID:Circumscribed lesion of the medial forebrain bundle area causes structural impairment of lymphoid organs and severe depression of immune function in rats. 977 72

Spreading cortical depression reinstates aphagia and adipsia in rats recovered from lateral hypothalamic lesions. We suggest that cortical activity facilitates and maintains recovery by enhancing the activity of depressed, but intact, tissue adjacent to the lesions.
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PMID:SPREADING DEPRESSION AND RECOVERY FROM LATERAL HYPOTHALAMIC DAMAGE. 1422 27

Anuran estivation is characterized by long episodes of aphagia. To investigate whether estivating anurans downregulate intestinal performance as an adaptive mechanism to reduce energy expenditure, I compared the metabolic and intestinal responses to feeding, fasting and estivation among non-estivating and estivating species of the anuran families Bufonidae, Leptodactylidae and Ranidae. Standard metabolic rates of the estivating Bufo alvarius, Ceratophrys ornata and Pyxicephalus adspersus were significantly less than those of the non-estivating Bufo marinus, Leptodactylus pentadactylus and Rana catesbeiana. Whereas the digestion of rodent meals equaling 15% of anuran body mass generated significant metabolic responses for all species, specific dynamic action was significantly greater for the estivating species. For estivating species, feeding triggered more than a doubling of small intestinal mass and significant upregulation of intestinal nutrient transport rates, resulting in six- to tenfold increases in total intestinal nutrient uptake capacity. The postprandial intestinal responses of the non-estivating species were much more modest, averaging a 50% increase in small intestinal mass and 69% increase in uptake capacities. Following 1 month of laboratory-induced estivation, C. ornata and P. adspersus had further depressed metabolic rates by 20%, intestinal masses by 44%, and total intestinal uptake capacities by 60%. In a fashion similar to infrequently feeding, sit-and-wait foraging snakes, estivating anurans possess the capacity to severely downregulate intestinal performance with fasting and estivation, and subsequently upregulate the gut with feeding. The depression in gut performance during estivation aids in reducing energy expenditure, thereby increasing the duration that the animal can remain dormant while relying solely upon stored energy.
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PMID:Physiological responses to feeding, fasting and estivation for anurans. 1596 45