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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper describes the development and preliminary efficacy of a program designed to prevent depressive symptoms in at-risk 10-13 year-olds, and relates the findings to the current understanding of childhood depression. The treatment targets depressive symptoms and related difficulties such as conduct problems, low academic achievement, low social competence, and poor peer relations, by proactively teaching cognitive techniques. Children were identified as 'at-risk' based on depressive symptoms and their reports of parental conflict. Sixty-nine children participated in treatment groups and were compared to 73 children in control groups. Depressive symptoms were significantly reduced and classroom behavior was significantly improved in the treatment group as compared to controls at post-test. Six-month follow-up showed continued reduction in depressive symptoms, as well as significantly fewer externalizing conduct problems, as compared to controls. The reduction in symptoms was most pronounced in the children who were most at risk.
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PMID:Prevention of depressive symptoms in school children. 799 24

Numerous investigators have shown a strong association between the seasons and the incidence of depression, mania and suicides. However, little has been known about patients who reveal affective episodes in association with the changing seasons year after year. Lewy and Rosenthal established the concept of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). SAD is characterized by recurring cycles of fall-winter depression and spring-summer hypomania (or euthymia). Depressive symptoms often include hypersomnia, anergia, fatigue, carbohydrate craving and weight gain. The syndrome occurs predominantly in women and begins in late twenties. Lewy, Rosenthal and other investigators found that exposure of the SAD patients to bright artificial light improved depressive symptoms. Some hypotheses of light therapy are proposed, however, each of them has not well explained the mechanisms.
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PMID:[Light therapy of patients with seasonal affective disorder]. 800 95

The purpose of this study was to identify psychosocial predictors of depressive symptoms among Korean-American immigrant women in New York. A sample of 262 women between the ages of 35 and 55 who had resided in the U.S. for 10 years or less completed a survey instrument including measures of depression, acculturative stress, utilization of social support, self-esteem, and socio-economic status. Depressive symptoms were related positively to acculturative stress and negatively to self-esteem and socio-economic status explained significant proportions of variability in depression. Findings suggest a need to implement policies aimed at mitigating the acculturative stresses associated with immigration.
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PMID:Psychosocial predictors of depressive symptoms in Korean-American women in New York City. 803 Mar 61

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder (ICHPPC-2-defined) in patients over 65 years of age. A cross-sectional, partly two-phased, study was performed in general practices in The Netherlands. A total of 384 consecutive patients aged 65 and above, 116 men and 268 women were included, both during practice visits and home visits. Depressive symptoms were recorded with the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale, and with physician ratings. Assessments of depressive disorder were based on an adaptation of interview ratings with the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale. The proportion of patients considered to have depressive symptoms ranged from 11 to 29% of patients, depending on the self-report instrument and the cut-off point. According to interviews a depressive disorder was estimated to be present in 17%. The high prevalence of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder suggest a higher index of suspicion of depression in elderly general practice patients.
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PMID:Prevalence of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder in primary care patients over 65 years of age. 803 57

Research has supported linkages between depression and social impairment in youngsters, but has often focused on depressive symptoms in isolation. We collected data on depressive, anxiety, and externalizing symptoms in 161 school children. Information about interpersonal competence was gathered from several sources, including children, teachers, and behavioral observations. Depressive symptoms were found to be related to difficulties in multiple areas of competence, including maladaptive social problem-solving styles, conflict-negotiation and affect-regulation deficits, and peer rejection. Comparisons of the relative contributions made by depressive and anxiety symptoms to the prediction of functioning yielded some evidence for a specific relation between depressive symptoms and impairment. Children with cooccurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms generally suffered from the most social dysfunction. If replicated in clinical samples, findings such as these may help to guide intervention efforts with depressed children.
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PMID:Interpersonal functioning and depressive symptoms in childhood: addressing the issues of specificity and comorbidity. 806 38

Depression rates in women are twice that of men. In certain groups of women depression exceeds 40 percent. These groups include urban, poor, young mothers, and women who use primary health care facilities. We hypothesized that rates of depressive symptoms in rural women users of primary care would exceed those reported in population studies. Depressive symptoms were expected to be associated with common risk factors for depression. To test these hypotheses, 181 rural women, ages 18 to 52, were interviewed by telephone using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Of these, 41.4 percent reported depressive symptoms exceeding the cutoff score of 16 on the CES-D. The mean CES-D score for the entire sample was 15.3 and was 27.6 for women scoring over 16 on the CES-D. Young, unemployed, and poorly educated women were most likely to report depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that many rural women are at-risk for depression. High mean CES-D scores in women scoring above the cutoff indicate that rural women experience multiple and persistent depressive symptoms. These findings also show that women with fewer educational and economic resources report more depressive symptoms. Rural health professionals can increase detection of women at risk for depression by considering their age, and their education, and employment status.
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PMID:Depressive symptoms in young women of the Piedmont: prevalence in rural women. 807 82

In several clinical trials of interventions designed to lower plasma cholesterol, reductions in coronary heart disease mortality have been offset by an unexplained rise in suicides and other violent deaths. We have tried to find out whether depressive illness is related to low plasma cholesterol concentrations in men of 50 years and older. In 1985-87, Beck depression inventories were obtained from 1020 white men, aged 50-89 years, in the Rancho Bernardo, California, cohort. Disease history and behaviours were assessed by standard questionnaires. Plasma cholesterol and weight were measured at this time, as they had been in 1972-74. Among men aged 70 years and older, categorically defined depression was three times more common in the group with low plasma cholesterol (< 4.14 mmol/L) than in those with higher concentrations (5/31 [16%] vs 22/363 [6%]; p = 0.033). Depressive symptom scores correlated significantly and inversely with plasma cholesterol concentrations, even after adjustment for age, health status, number of chronic illnesses, number of medications, and exercise, as well as measured weight loss and change in plasma cholesterol in the previous 13 years. Our finding that low plasma cholesterol is associated with depressive symptoms in elderly men is compatible with observations that a very low total cholesterol may be related to suicide and violent death. Since cholesterol lowering in the general population is widely recommended, this observation warrants further investigation.
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PMID:Plasma cholesterol and depressive symptoms in older men. 809 15

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between the use of unprescribed licit and illicit drugs and problematic drinking with reported depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviour in a nationwide general population sample of 4291 respondents aged 12 to 64. Depressive symptoms were detected by the use of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). A higher proportion of respondents who have reported illicit drug use in their lifetime were found to be depressed with a > 16 score in the CES-D in all age groups and both sexes, than of the other categories of substance use. A multiple range test revealed 3 groups of substance users. The more frequent illicit drug users together with the problematic drinkers exhibited the higher average depressive symptoms scores. The 12-month prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts was found to be in accordance with the severity and frequency of substance consumption.
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PMID:Symptoms of depression, suicidal behaviour and use of substances in Greece: a nationwide general population survey. 817 73

Depression is an increasing problem for African-American women. These women are experiencing role changes and additional stressors. Depressed African-American women may perceive themselves as being devalued within American society and may have fewer support systems to buffer stressful conditions (Carrington, 1980). Depressive symptoms may escalate into clinical depression, which can erode quality of life for African-American women. Psychiatric mental health nurses can be instrumental in developing protocols and individualized interventions that respond to the psychological and physical needs of their depressed clients and promote an improved quality of life.
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PMID:Depression in African-American women. 819 18

Depression continues to be major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. It is estimated that 1-5% of elderly persons who live in the community and 5-43% of nursing-home patients have major depression. Symptoms of depression in the elderly do not differ substantially from younger patients. Tricyclic antidepressants continue to be the drugs of choice in the elderly because of their long record of use with proven efficacy, known adverse effect profile and availability of less expensive generic formulations. The newer second-generation antidepressants, including serotonin reuptake inhibitors, appear to offer a major advantage of fewer serious adverse effects in the elderly. This review will highlight recent developments regarding the prevalence and treatment of depression in the elderly.
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PMID:Advances in pharmacotherapy: depression in the elderly--issues and advances in treatment. 822 32


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