Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Depressive symptoms and disorders were identified by structured psychiatric interview in 130 consecutively admitted male inpatients aged 70 years and over. Major depression was found in 11.5% and other depressive syndromes in 23%. While depressive symptoms and syndromes are common among the medically ill, this study demonstrated the need for careful diagnostic assessment of older patients with depressive symptoms before initiating treatment that may itself convey significant risk. Sociodemographic and health characteristics of older men at higher risk for depression were also identified. Patients more likely to be depressed were over age 75 years, had less formal education, experienced cognitive dysfunction, suffered from more severe medical illness (particularly recent myocardial infarction), and had a history of psychiatric illness. Depressive symptoms were also common among patients with renal or neurologic diseases, those having a family history of psychiatric illness, the unmarried, and the more severely disabled. Given the impact of depression on recovery from medical illness, compliance with medical therapy, and costs of extended hospital stays, detection and treatment of this disorder are imperative.
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PMID:Depression in elderly hospitalized patients with medical illness. 239 37

Depressive symptoms in a population (N = 419) aged 65 years or over and receiving home nursing, home help or both were assessed by postal questionnaires including the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS). Eighty-six percent participated, and 38 percent of both men and women scored 45 raw sumpoints or more in the SDS. The mean of the raw sumpoints was 42.1 (+/- 9.6) for men (N = 100) and 41.4 (+/- 9.0) for women (N = 238, the difference being nonsignificant. Home help clients scored less than home nursing patients or patients receiving both home nursing and home help. The population scoring 45 raw SDS sumpoints or more was investigated by a general practitioner, and the diagnosis of depression was made according to DSM III-criteria. The clinical investigations showed 26 percent of both men and women who participated to be depressive. Chronic depression was the most common class, followed by atypical depression. About two thirds of the depressive men and half of the depressive women were 'new' cases in that it had not been realized earlier that they suffer from depression. Atypical depression was the class where underdiagnozing was most evident. Among elderly men psychomotor retardation, libido loss, anorexia and indecisiveness and among elderly women psychomotor retardation, indecisiveness, emptiness and diurnal variation were common symptoms of depression.
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PMID:Prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression in elderly Finnish home nursing patients and home help clients. 348 70

A double-blind, parallel group study was carried out in 51 mild to moderately depressed hospital out-patients to assess the therapeutic efficacy and side-effects of once-daily flupenthixol (1 mg) administered in the morning compared with once-daily mianserin (30 mg) administered in the evening. Patients were treated over a period of 6 weeks and assessments were made before and during treatment using the Newcastle Rating Scale, the Clinical Global Impression, the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Leeds Self-Rating Scale for Depression, and a check-list of side-effects. The results showed that 91% of flupenthixol patients and 80% of mianserin patients were assessed as 'normal' on completion of the study period. Depressive symptoms decreased progressively in both groups. Reports of side-effects in both groups showed a progressive reduction in number and severity during the study. The reduction at the end of the first week of treatment with mianserin was not as great as that seen with flupenthixol; reports of drowsiness accounted for most of the difference.
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PMID:A double-blind comparison of once-daily flupenthixol and mianserin in depressed hospital out-patients. 351 68

Depressive symptoms and syndromes are common in the medically ill, although they are frequently unrecognized and untreated. The authors review the epidemiology, differential diagnosis, clinical presentations, and response to treatment of this clinical problem. They address such methodological issues in the current literature in this area as the advantages and limitations of standardized assessment measures and discuss treatment modalities for depression in the medically ill, including antidepressant medication and ECT. This clinical problem warrants attention for a variety of reasons: its prevalence, associated morbidity, and treatability. Elucidation of the mechanisms of depression in the medically ill may also contribute to a broader understanding of depression in other populations.
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PMID:Depression in the medically ill: an overview. 352 39

Depressive symptoms of at least moderate severity were reported by more than 25% of a consecutive sample of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients awaiting cadaveric transplantation. Subjects with depressive symptoms in the clinically significant range were more often unemployed and were more functionally disabled than subjects with depressive symptoms of lesser severity. Depressive symptoms and functional disability were significantly correlated at lower but not higher levels of depression. Although depressed medical patients tend to be more impaired than those who are not depressed, the occurrence of depressive symptoms of clinical severity may depend upon the interaction among multiple additional factors. Clinically significant depression is not inevitable with severe medical disabilities and its occurrence should draw attention to specific individual vulnerabilities.
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PMID:Depressive symptoms and functional impairment in the medically ill. 360 31

Depressive symptoms were measured in 34 white male patients receiving propranolol treatment for cardiovascular illness. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Hudson Generalized Contentment Scale were used to measure depressive symptoms. Patients with a positive personal or family history of depression had significantly higher depression scores than those with a negative history. Although there was no correlation between propranolol dosage and depressive symptoms for the population as a whole, among patients with a negative history there was a highly significant positive correlation between propranolol dosage and depression scores.
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PMID:Depressive symptoms in propranolol users. 374 27

In this longitudinal study, the depressive symptoms, life events, and explanatory styles of 168 school children were measured five times during the course of 1 year. Measures of school achievement were obtained once during the year. Depressive symptoms and explanatory styles were found to be quite stable over the year. As predicted by the reformulated learned helplessness theory, explanatory style both correlated with concurrent levels of depression and school achievement and predicted later changes in depression during the year. Depression also predicted later explanatory styles. The implications of these results for intervention with children with depressive symptoms or school achievement problems are discussed.
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PMID:Learned helplessness in children: a longitudinal study of depression, achievement, and explanatory style. 374 24

Self-reports of depressive symptoms were obtained for 792 11-year-old New Zealand children using a structured interview. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that depressive symptomatology in children is associated with impairment on cognitive tasks. The results did not support this hypothesis. Depression was unrelated to performance on various subscales of the WISC-R, whereas self-reported inattention was associated with poor performance. Depressive symptoms, however, were significantly related to lower self-esteem and a poorer self-perception of scholastic ability.
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PMID:Cognitive correlates of depressive symptoms in 11-year-old children. 378 23

A descriptive study correlated depression in children with parental perceptions and with teacher report card ratings of school achievement and adjustment. Two hundred and twenty children, age six-to-12 years, and parents of approximately half the sample, were interviewed using the Children's Depression Rating Scale (CDRS). Symptoms of depression were discovered in 10% of the children. Sixty-eight percent of parents were unaware of their child's depression. Parents were most aware of sleeping problems, physical complaints, and academic achievement and least aware of social withdrawal, tiredness, depressed feelings, and suicidal ideations. Most depressed students achieved at grade level in reading and math, but they received lower grades for effort than nondepressed students. Depression was associated significantly with inability to work and play, both alone and in a group.
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PMID:Parent and teacher perception of depression in children. 385 42

This article has reviewed clinical and demographic features of the primary anxiety disorders and other psychiatric and medical disorders that often are associated with anxiety symptoms, highlighting differential diagnosis. In summary, phobic disorders (exogenous anxiety) are characterized by anxiety reliably elicited by specific environmental stimuli; the stimuli involved determine which type of phobia is diagnosed. In contrast, panic attacks and generalized anxiety (endogenous anxiety) involve symptoms of anxiety not associated only with specific eliciting stimuli. Panic disorder is differentiated from generalized anxiety disorder by the presence of discrete attacks; both disorders usually have some level of persistent anxiety. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by recurrent unwanted but irresistible thoughts and the ritualized repetitive acts resulting from these obsessions, in the absence of preexisting psychosis or depression. Finally, posttraumatic stress disorder involves various anxiety (and other) symptoms as a direct result of an obvious stressor. Depressive symptoms are frequently associated with anxiety. It is sometimes impossible to determine which is the primary disorder. Overlap of syndromes probably also occurs with other primary psychiatric disorders, especially somatoform disorders, adjustment disorder with anxious mood, and several personality disorders. Finally, primary anxiety can be confused with several medical syndromes, especially when the medical disorder has not been recognized. Nevertheless, research with patients with pheochromocytoma suggests that medical causes of anxiety may be qualitatively different from primary anxiety disorders, especially the psychic anxiety component. Attention to the clinical and demographic features listed in Table 4, as well as the use of newly-developed structured diagnostic interviews should usually lead to a correct diagnosis, as illustrated by the following examples. The onset of a fear of public speaking in mid-adolescence suggests an uncomplicated social phobia, whereas the onset in the mid-twenties of several social and other situational anxieties in a person with a previous history of panic attacks would be strongly suggestive of the panic-agoraphobia syndrome. The new onset of generalized anxiety symptoms and depression in a 45-year-old patient who has had a previous significant depression would suggest that this person's anxiety is part of, and secondary to, the affective disorder and not a primary anxiety disorder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The differential diagnosis of anxiety. Psychiatric and medical disorders. 388 37


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