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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A complete, unselected series of 68 patients who were seen during their first episode of an undoubtedly schizophrenic illness, and followed up one year later (for 56 patients) is described clinically. Depressive symptoms were common at onset, and 22% of patients could have been considered cases of depression from these symptoms alone. At follow-up, depressive symptoms had reduced in prevalence and only 7% of subjects were depressed cases. Only two cases of depression at follow-up had not been cases at onset. These changes could not be attributed to the use of antidepressants or ECT. Depressive syndromes could be distinguished from akinesia and the negative syndromes. The findings indicate that depression cannot be attributed solely to the administration of neuroleptics.
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PMID:Depressive syndromes in the year following onset of a first schizophrenic illness*. 290 85

Two studies designed to examine the self-report of depressive symptoms in low back pain patients are presented. Symptoms of depression were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory. In the first study, a sample (N = 134) of patients who presented for neurosurgical evaluation were evaluated. In the second study, a subgroup of patients found to have lumbar disc protrusion were compared to a subgroup with few or no positive physical findings at the time of physical examination. If the cut-off scores recommended by Beck were used, patients in both studies would be classified as mildly depressed. Both studies found that patients were significantly more likely to report somatic than cognitive symptoms of depression. Patients with multiple physical findings or a disc abnormality at the time of operation were not found to be more likely to report somatic symptoms than patients with few physical findings.
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PMID:Self-report of depressive symptoms in low back pain patients. 294 Feb 66

The relationship among therapeutically induced affective arousal, depressive symptoms, pain and beta-endorphin levels were explored on 6 patients with chronic, active rheumatoid arthritis. An ABA, n of 1 study methodology was utilized, replicated 5 times. This procedure allowed the analysis of individualized changes across time in response to the therapeutic regimen. The results indicated that the treatment regimen activated the beta-endorphin system, particularly during the early and late phases of treatment. However, beta-endorphin response had little effect on reports of subjective pain. Depressive symptoms were affected positively by the treatment but were not strongly correlated to the beta-endorphin response. The results suggest that pain and depression represent independent systems and that beta-endorphin levels serve more as stress markers than analgesics in chronic, organic pain.
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PMID:Effects of therapeutically induced affect arousal on depressive symptoms, pain and beta-endorphins among rheumatoid arthritis patients. 295 58

When alcohol abuse occurs with depression, both the substance abuse and the mood disorder necessitate treatment. These conditions may have some similar manifestations, making differential diagnosis difficult. Depressed alcoholics report more previous treatment for substance abuse, withdrawal symptoms, and marital problems than those without depression. They also incur greater loneliness, unemployment, and social ineptness. Depressive symptoms found commonly in this group include work inhibition, guilt, self-disgust, dissatisfaction, and social disinterest. A history of depression among relatives favors a dual diagnosis of alcoholism and depression. Distinguishing those alcoholics with specific depressive illness enhances the therapeutic efficacy. Alcohol abusers need treatment, but those with concomitant depression persisting well beyond detoxification often require antidepressant medications. In long-term care, lithium may reduce alcohol-related rehospitalizations. A strong doctor-patient relationship with or without pharmacotherapy promotes continuation in a therapeutic regimen. Involvement in Alcoholics Anonymous and disulfiram maintenance therapy are other deterrents to drinking relapse.
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PMID:Depression and alcoholism: clinical considerations in management. 305 16

Depressed inpatients with psychotic features were compared to those without them in terms of demographic features, depressive symptoms at intake and family history. These variables were then used to compare patients with mood-congruent psychotic features to those with mood-incongruent psychotic features. Patterns of familial psychopathology were similar for psychotic and non-psychotic patients. In accord with other studies, the families of mood-incongruent patients had slightly more schizophrenia and significantly less depression than did the families of mood-congruent patients. Depressive symptoms, particularly those used to define major depression and melancholia, were more severe in psychotic patients. Moreover, these particular depressive symptoms were more likely to distinguish mood-congruent from mood-incongruent patients than were other depressive symptoms. Thus mood-congruent psychotic features accompanied a more typical depressive syndrome than did mood-incongruent psychotic features.
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PMID:Phenomenology and family history in DSM-III psychotic depression. 316 Jul 43

The rate and pattern of change in depressive symptoms among male primary alcoholics (no preexisting major psychiatric disorder) were studied throughout inpatient treatment for alcoholism. A sample of 191 alcoholics was interviewed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale within 48 hours of admission and again at each of the 4 weeks of treatment. Results indicate that 42% of alcoholics have clinically significant levels of depression (Hamilton greater than or equal to 20) at intake but only 6% remain clinically depressed at Week 4. Depressive symptoms of alcoholics abate quickly with the largest reduction in scores at Week 2. Mood related symptoms constitute the largest portion of presenting depression and abate most rapidly. Vegetative symptoms remain the most prevalent type of depressive symptom at discharge. Results suggest that antidepressant medication should not be considered prior to 4 weeks of abstinence.
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PMID:Changes in depression among abstinent alcoholics. 321 43

The prevalence and correlates of symptoms of depression in a Canadian urban sample were examined. A random sample of 524 respondents completed the CES-D scale and a variety of sociodemographic questions. In this Sample, 15% of the males and 19% of the females had scores above the depression cut-point of 16 on the CES-D scale. These rates were very similar to results reported in various U.S. centres. Symptoms of depression were most common among the younger, less educated, and those employed in trades and farming. Depression was lowest in the older, more educated, the married and those employed in professional and management roles. Taken as a whole the set of sociodemographic predictors explained 11% of the variance in symptoms of depression.
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PMID:Symptoms of depression in a Canadian urban sample. 326 20

A comparison was made of the agreement of 5 different diagnostic tools for childhood depression. The diagnostic tools used were: 1) a non-directive interview with projective testing; 2) a semi-structured psychiatric interview developed by Herjanic; 3) the child behaviour check list developed by Achenbach; 4) the Kovacs child depression inventory and 5) the DSM-III criteria diagnosis. In the diagnostic tools using classic psychiatric techniques of interview there was a fairly high diagnostic agreement for depression, while the non-interview techniques (questionnaires) were less reliable in diagnosing affective disorder. Depressive symptoms were found to play an important part in non-affective disorder psychopathology in children. The good correlation between the standard intake procedure and the research methods is encouraging in that it seems that clinicians can make the diagnosis of childhood affective disorder in their everyday clinical work.
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PMID:A comparison of different diagnostic tools for childhood depression. 328 79

We examined depressive symptoms, using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), in a group of 50 alcoholic patients, diagnosed according to DSM III criteria during active drinking, withdrawal (4 days after their last drink), and abstinence (24 days after their last drink). DSM III diagnoses of major depression were made in 16 (32%) of the patients. The diagnoses were made using the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) between the 10th and 24th day after the patients' last drink. Depressive symptoms decreased markedly as the patients progressed from active drinking to abstinence. Alcoholic patients having a diagnosis of major depression had higher BDI scores than those not having a diagnosis of major depression. Analysis of BDI items using a two-parameter logistic item response model confirmed that the BDI measured depressive symptoms in these alcoholics. We conclude that the BDI is valid for screening for depression in alcoholic patients.
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PMID:Symptoms and diagnosis of depression in alcoholics. 329 32

This study followed a group of elderly patients (ill group) with recent onset of life-threatening or severely debilitating illness to determine development of depressive symptoms. Age- and sex-matched control patients were included for comparison. Depressive symptoms increased significantly in the group of ill male patients when compared with controls. Depressive symptoms did not show an increase in the group of ill female patients. Other variables also predicted increased depression: (1) an initial placement in nursing home, (2) a prior history of depression or higher initial level of depressive symptoms, (3) the presence of larger numbers of additional medical illnesses, and (4) following the occurrence of stressful life events. The increase in depression in the male test group was still present and significant when controlling for these additional four factors.
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PMID:The development of depressive symptoms in elderly following onset of severe physical illness. 339 12


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