Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Symptoms of depression that are temporary or caused by physical illness can be difficult to differentiate from those that represent a depressive disorder. A diagnosis of depressive disorder depends on the underlying cause, and on the nature, severity and duration of symptoms. Management involves accurate diagnosis and treatment of medical illness, practical interventions to resolve concurrent family, social and economic stressors, and emotional support. Cognitive, behavioral and brief psychodynamic therapies may be helpful in selected cases. Antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy have a role in the treatment of severe or persistent depression associated with suicidal behavior, marked psychomotor retardation, starvation or other life-threatening symptoms. Suicidal thoughts are frequent in older patients with concurrent major depression and chronic illness, and measures to ensure patient safety are a priority.
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PMID:Depressive disorders in older medical inpatients. 192 39

About one third of all suicides in the Netherlands are committed by elderly people. Yet, until recently no discernible initiatives have been taken to prevent suicide among the elderly. One of the possibilities that has not yet been considered is the use of mass media. In this article some thoughts are presented on the use of television and other media for communicating messages designed to identify depressive symptoms and to counter suicidal tendencies by mobilizing relatives and friends. Epidemiological findings on suicide among elderly persons in the Netherlands are presented, along with data on the role of the general practitioner and the mental health care system in suicide prevention. It is stressed that because of a number of unfortunate circumstances many depressed elderly people do not receive adequate treatment: Because they survived many major life events, their relatives wrongly consider them to be strong enough to cope with yet another major life event, loss or threatening condition. Relatives may think of depressed symptoms as a natural reaction, and may not consider these to be alarming. If they are alarmed, relatives may not know that depression is a treatable condition, or where they may be able to seek psychological assistance. Depressed elderly people might not be willing to share depressed feelings or thoughts concerning death and dying, or admit having suicidal ideation. Symptoms of depression may be confused with the normal aging process, both by the person him- or herself and by his or her relatives and friends.
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PMID:The prevention of suicide among older people in The Netherlands: interventions in community mental health care. 193 98

This study considers social network interactions as a potential source of both stress and support for individuals coping with a chronic illness. The sample consisted of 101 recently-diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients. Symptoms of depression were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses examined the conjoint effects of social support and problematic interactions on symptoms of depression. Receipt of positive or helpful support from close friends and family was related to lower depression; receipt of problematic support was related to increased depression. A positive x problematic support interaction suggested that the costs of problematic support do not cancel out the benefits of positive support. Patients who reported both little support and a greater degree of problematic interactions experienced the highest level of symptoms. The findings emphasize the need to consider positive and negative aspects of support transactions conjointly in assessing their stress-reducing and health-protective potential.
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PMID:Social support as a double-edged sword: the relation of positive and problematic support to depression among rheumatoid arthritis patients. 194 72

Depressive symptoms are common in medically ill patients. Methodological difficulties of many of the studies demonstrating this do not allow differentiation of depressive symptoms from depressive illness. This paper examines representative samples of studies in the medically ill to highlight these problems. Data from a study of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury are used to demonstrate (1) ways of overcoming some of these difficulties and (2) the means of differentiating depressive symptoms and depressive illness. Difficulties of detection and diagnosis of depression in the medically ill are discussed.
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PMID:Depression, disease and disability: application to patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. 202 82

Depressive symptoms are frequent during schizophrenia. Depression occurs in the course of a schizo affective psychose or in the course of a schizophrenia (either with acute psychotic symptoms, either without acute psychotic symptoms). Differentiating depression from negative symptoms of schizophrenia or from antipsychotic drug induced side effects can be difficult. The question to know whether depression is intrinsic to the disease process itself whether it is secondary to the schizophrenic process is still a matter of inquiry. Efficacy of antidepressive drugs during depression in schizophrenia remains a matter of controversy. Depression increases the risk for pejorative evolution and for suicide in schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Depression in schizophrenia]. 202 2

Six patients with chronic, refractory anorexia nervosa were treated with fluoxetine. Depressive symptoms diminished in all patients, and this was associated with weight gain. Subjects, despite frequent medical comorbidity, tolerated fluoxetine well, even in dosages greater than those used for depression.
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PMID:Fluoxetine treatment of anorexia nervosa: an open clinical trial. 203 33

Depressive symptoms are common in the elderly, and depressive illness is the most common of emotional disorders in those of advanced age. This article focuses on the use of antidepressant drugs for the treatment of older depressed patients. To correctly understand the use of antidepressant drugs, it is necessary to first appreciate the medical, neurobiologic, and pharmacologic context within which antidepressant drugs are to be prescribed. Therefore, this article also includes a brief review of the etiology and diagnosis of depression in the elderly.
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PMID:Antidepressants. 218 31

Forty regular male runners were divided into two similar groups and studied for six weeks. One group continued normal running, but the other stopped running for the middle two weeks of the study. Questionnaires were completed at the end of each week. Symptoms of depression were greater in the withdrawn than in the control group at the end of the second week of withdrawal. Somatic symptoms, anxiety, insomnia and feelings of being under strain were greater in the withdrawn group after both the first and second weeks of withdrawal. The groups did not differ in the final two weeks, when running had been resumed. These effects strengthen the view that stopping regular physical exercise produces a 'withdrawal syndrome', and that exercise might therefore be regarded as addictive. The increase in depression may reflect a more gradual loss of the antidepressive effect of exercise training.
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PMID:Effects of temporary withdrawal from regular running. 223 82

1. A portable, head-mounted device was developed for administration of light therapy. A randomized crossover protocol was used to test the therapeutic efficacy of this device, compared to a standard light box, for treatment of winter depression. 2. Depressive symptoms were significantly reduced by both the head-mounted device and the light box. 3. Therapeutic efficacy of the two devices was not significantly different. 4. The head-mounted device was rated by patients as significantly more convenient than the conventional light box; this may be important in improving patient compliance.
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PMID:Treatment of winter depression with a portable, head-mounted phototherapy device. 223 84

A cross-sectional study of the distribution of depressive symptoms and association between depressed mood and chronic illness was conducted in a geographically defined population in southern California of 1617 men and women aged 65 years and older. The prevalence of depressed mood for the total population was 5.2%. Women exhibited a significantly higher mean depressive symptom score and a prevalence rate almost twice that of men. Depressive symptoms were associated with several risk factors in both sexes, including age, self-perception of current health status, number of reported chronic diseases and medications and amount of exercise. However, the relationship between physical illness and depressive symptoms appeared to differ by sex with respect to the nature of the disease or disability and the type of medication currently used. These findings indicate that the risk of depression does not diminish with age among the elderly as other studies have suggested.
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PMID:Chronic illness and depressive symptoms in the elderly: a population-based study. 224 51


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