Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Based on earlier clinical and preclinical investigations, we designed two different pilot trials for patients with nodular lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. These studies evaluated the use of either 41.8 degrees C whole body hyperthermia (WBH), or the nonmyelosuppressive chemotherapeutic drug, lonidamine (LON), as an adjunct to total body irradiation (TBI) (12.5 cGy twice a week, every other week for a planned total dose of 150 cGy). Whole body hyperthermia was initiated approximately 10 min after total body irradiation; lonidamine was administered orally (420 mg/m2) on a daily basis. Although entry to the studies was nonrandomized, the two patient populations were accrued during the same time frame and were comparable in terms of histology, stage of disease, performance status, and prior therapy. Of 8 patients entered on the TBI/WBH study, we observed 3 complete responses (CR), 4 partial responses (PR), and 1 improvement (i.e., a 48% decrease in tumor burden). Of 10 patients entered in the TBI/LON study, there was 1 CR and 4 PR. For the TBI/WBH study, myelosuppression was not treatment-limiting; there were no instances of infection or bleeding and platelet support was never required. The median survival time for the TBI/WBH study is 52.5 months based on Kaplan Meir estimates. Two patients remain in a CR. The median time to treatment failure (MTTF) is 9.4 months (90% confidence interval = 7-15.4 months). In the TBI/LON study, 50% of patients receiving TBI required treatment modification due to platelet-count depression during therapy, but there were no instances of infection or bleeding. Frequently observed LON-related toxicities included myalgias, testicular pain, photophobia and ototoxicity. For the TBI/LON study, median survival is 7.6 months; MTTF was 2.4 months. In analyzing the results of these pilot studies, our subjective clinical impressions lead to the hypothesis that WBH protected against TBI-induced thrombocytopenia during therapy, whereas LON had no effect on TBI-induced myelosuppression. This speculation was tested and confirmed in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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PMID:Adjunctive therapy (whole body hyperthermia versus lonidamine) to total body irradiation for the treatment of favorable B-cell neoplasms: a report of two pilot clinical trials and laboratory investigations. 218 81

One hundred epileptic patients were questioned about their headaches. Post-ictal headaches occurred in 51 of these patients and most commonly lasted 6-72 hours. Major seizures were more often associated with post-epileptic headaches than minor attacks. Nine patients in this series of 100 also had migraine: in eight of these nine a typical, albeit a mild, migraine attack was provoked by fits. The post-ictal headache in the 40 epileptics who did not have migraine was accompanied by vomiting in 11 cases, photophobia in 14 cases and vomiting with photophobia in 4 cases. Furthermore, post-epileptic headache was accentuated by coughing, bending and sudden head movements and relieved by sleep. It is, therefore, clear that seizures provoke a syndrome similar to the headache phase of migraine in 50% of epileptics. It is proposed that post-epileptic headache arises intracranially and is related to the vasodilatation known to follow seizures. The relationship of post-epileptic headache to migraine is discussed in the light of current ideas on migraine pathogenesis, in particular the vasodilation which accompanies Leao's spreading cortical depression.
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PMID:Post-epileptic headache and migraine. 311 78

Saddle blockade with pethidine hydrochloride was performed in 111 patients undergoing short surgical operations on the perineum. A dose of 5% pethidine 0.5 mg kg-1 was injected to the subarachnoid space at L4-5 or L5-S1 with the patient in the sitting position. Sensory blockade was achieved in 5.28 +/- 1.43 min. This extended to the sacrococcygeal area, perineum, buttocks and posterior surface of thighs, and was followed 1-2 min later by motor blockade. During the operation the patients were stable haemodynamically and no respiratory depression was recorded. Sensory blockade lasted for 141 +/- 26.06 min and was followed by postoperative analgesia, the mean duration of which was 301 +/- 98.38 min. Postoperative neurological complications were recorded in three patients (2.7%): headache alone in one, headache associated with backache in one, and leg weakness, backache, nuchal rigidity and photophobia in another. Seven patients (6.3%) complained of itching, five patients (4.5%) of nausea and vomiting and two (1.8%) developed urinary retention.
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PMID:Saddle block with pethidine for perineal operations. 375 47

We have observed 27 migraineurs whose headaches occurred in groups separated by headache-free periods. Twenty-one of the patients were women. The headaches occurred on either side in most patients. The headaches were severe lasting for an average of 25.5 hours, often preceded by scintillating scotomas, and often associated with nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. The attacks occurred in cycles that lasted an average of six weeks. The cycles recurred an average of five times per year; during the cycles, severe migraine occurred several times per week. In many patients, the cycles were often accompanied by a constant, low-grade headaches and depression. Twenty-two patients were treated with lithium carbonate. Complete or partial control of the headaches was achieved in 19 patients.
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PMID:Cyclical migraine. 678 69

Common tiger snake (Notechis scutatus) venom was injected into mice and dogs at various dose rates calculated on the known lethal dose (LD) for each species. The larger the dose of venom, the earlier was the onset of clinical signs and the more rapid and severe the course of the disease in both species. In dogs injected with 32 LD of venom, there was sudden collapse and death in about one hour from the time of injection without recovery from premonitory depression and before mydriasis occurred. Dogs given 5 to 16 LD of venom developed preparalytic signs (vomition, salivation or defaecation) in 5 to 30 min, mydriasis in 2 to 4 h, became paralysed and died in about 2.5 to 5 h. When doses of venom of about 1 LD were injected, vomition and salivation occurred within 2 h and mydriasis in about 4 h. The dogs were unable to close the mouth completely despite retention of jaw muscle tone. Sublethally envenomed dogs did not show preparalytic signs nor did they have general skeletal muscle paralysis. Even at the lowest dose tested (0.25 LD), however, they developed mydriasis and photophobia, which persisted for several days. At the site of injection of venom there was occasional but slight erythema and oedema.
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PMID:Common tiger snake envenomation in dogs and mice--relationship between the amount of venom injected and the onset of clinical signs. 806 44

Significant toxicity can result from intentional methanol inhalation. We report seven cases, involving four patients, of intentional inhalation of CARB-MEDIC carburetor cleaner containing toluene (43.8%), methanol (23.2%), methylene chloride (20.5%), and propane (12.5%). Patients arrived at the emergency department with central nervous system depression, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, photophobia, and/or decreased visual acuity. Treatment included correction of acidosis, leucovorin and/or folic acid, ethanol infusions, and supportive care. Hemodialysis was necessary in three cases. Measured blood methanol levels ranged from 50.4 to 128.6 mg/dL. Blood formic acid levels were 120, 193, and 480 micrograms/mL, respectively, in three patients. Ophthalmic examinations revealed hyperemic discs and decreased visual acuity in one patient. One individual was found pulseless with several CARB-MEDIC cans nearby. Attempts at revival were unsuccessful. Clinicians should be aware that significant blood methanol and formic acid levels may occur after inhalation of methanol.
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PMID:Methanol inhalation toxicity. 823 17

The assessment of abnormal light-related behaviour is important for methodological reasons, and has a prophylactic and heuristic value. Since no operationalization of these behaviour patterns has been published until now, we constructed a questionnaire to identify abnormal light intensity preference based on a systematic study and previous case reports. We administered the questionnaire to patients with schizophrenia (n = 46) or major depression (n = 55), and to healthy control subjects (n = 70). Photophilia was more frequently diagnosed in schizophrenia than in depression (P < 0.001). Photophobia was more frequently observed in depression than in schizophrenia; however, this difference was not statistically significant. None of the healthy subjects showed these phenomena. The kappa value was 0.66 for photophilia and 0.65 for photophobia. Patients with schizophrenia had a higher mean photophilia score than depressive patients (P < 0.001) and healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Depressed patients had higher photophobia scores than schizophrenics (P < 0.05) and healthy subjects (P < 0.001). The photophilia score was positively correlated and the photophobia score was negatively correlated with the light intensity preference (measured by means of a photometer) (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation between the photophilia score and the percentage of time spent in bright and very bright areas was observed (P < 0.05). Scores were not related to age or gender. These results represent initial data in support of the validity and reliability of our questionnaire for distinguishing between patients with and without abnormal light-exposure behaviour patterns.
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PMID:The assessment of light intensity preference in psychiatric patients: a questionnaire. 911 57

The authors prospectively assessed symptoms induced by the interruption of antidepressants in 16 patients (11 women and 5 men), aged from 33 to 85 years (mean = 52.4 +/- 16.4), treated with antidepressants since at least two weeks. All patients were free of alcohol abuse or dependence disorder and of other dependence to psychoactive substances. None of them presented medical illness. Diagnosis were made by separate evaluations by two authors and confirmed with a semistructered assessment instrument: the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (Lifetime Version). All patients were submitted to a brutal discontinuation of their antidepressant agent. Patients were assessed twice, before the interruption of the antidepressant, and 72 hours later. Effects of antidepressant interruption were assessed by several means. Modification of anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Symptoms of withdrawal were assessed with Cassano and al.'s scale SESSH including an evaluation of anxiety, agitation, irritability, anergy, difficulty on concentrating, depersonalization, sleep and appetite disorders, muscle pains, nausea, tremor, sweating, altered taste, hyperosmia, paresthesias, photophobia, motor incoordination, dizziness, hyperacousia pain, delirium. Fourteen of the 16 patients (87.5%) presented modifications of their somatic or psychic state 3 days after the interruption of the antidepressant treatment. Most frequent symptoms were: increase in anxiety (31%), increase in irritability (25%), sleep disorders (19%), decrease of anergia and fatigue (19%). Mean scores of anxiety and depression were not significantly modified by the withdrawal. Following TCAs interruption (7 patients) most frequent symptoms were sleep disorders; increase in anxiety, nausea. Among patients withdrawn from SSRIs (6 patients), most frequent symptoms were increase in anxiety, increase in irritability, headache. Patients also presented a decrease of nausea, and of anorexia.
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PMID:[Prospective evaluation of antidepressant discontinuation]. 969 14

This review of the literature reveals that migraine is a common, chronic condition featuring episodic attacks which vary in severity and symptomatology. Throbbing, unilateral headache, which is aggravated by activity, is the most prominent feature, although a high proportion of sufferers also experience phonophobia, photophobia and nausea, which may lead to vomiting. Preceding aura is a less common feature of the attack. The frequency and duration of migraine attacks varies widely between individuals, though the median frequency is around 1 attack per month and median duration is roughly 24 h. Migraine attacks can have a profound effect on the day-to-day lives and well-being of the sufferer. In the long term, migraine may cause profound emotional changes and result in coping strategies that interfere with working, social and family life and many normal daily activities. These effects are apparent in quality of life studies on migraine patients. Thus, the impact of migraine on many quality of life parameters is similar to that of other chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis, diabetes and depression. Reduction in the personal burden of migraine can be facilitated by encouraging migraine sufferers to consult their doctor, through accurate diagnosis of migraine headaches and assessment of the disability suffered by the migraineurs, and through improved and well-executed treatment strategies. Copyright 1998 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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PMID:The burden of migraine to the individual sufferer: a review. 1021 Aug 87

Vascular headaches, including migraine, cluster, and migrainous transformation to chronic daily headaches, are disabling. During and shortly after headache intervals, difficulties are reported in concentration, comprehension, and communication, not accounted for by nausea, photophobia, or sonophobia. These interfere with interpersonal relations and performance at work with economic loss. The hypothesis tested and reported here is that cognitive impairments comprise an important part of vascular headache diatheses. One hundred ninety-six otherwise normative subjects suffering from migraine or cluster, but not tension-type, headaches (136 women, 63 men; mean age, 46 years) participated in an outpatient prospective trial. One hundred thirty-three patients had migraine without aura, 39 migraine with aura, 11 periodic cluster (by IHS criteria), and 13 had migrainous transformation into chronic daily headaches. Neuropsychological testing was compared with and without headaches, by combined Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination (CCSE), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). During headache intervals, significant decline was measured in both CCSE and MMSE scores (P <. 001) without HDRS change in all types of vascular headache and independent of headache severity, which often improved, or associated physical symptoms. Cognitive decline was promptly relieved by serotonin agonists and sleep. Disorders of cerebral serotoninergic projection systems appear to cause these reversible cognitive impairments.
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PMID:Reversible cognitive decline accompanies migraine and cluster headaches. 1097 60


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