Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an attempt to study "manic-depressive" affairs associated with endocrine and mental disorders, our clinical data are analyzed before and after appropriate treatment in Cushing's disease, Cushing's syndrome, hyperthyroid Graves' disease and primary hypothyroidism. Although our data do not provide definite findings on manic-depressive affairs associated with Cushing's disease and syndrome, review data by others indicated a high incidence of depression under untreated condition and its disappearance after appropriate treatment. In contrast, patients with adrenocortical insufficiency did have a depression but this was cleared after supplemental therapy. In hyperthyroid Graves' disease, a number of emotional and mental instability and irritability were noticed before the treatment, but these abnormalities all disappeared after appropriate treatment for 3-6 months. In contrast, patients with primary hypothyroidism did show lethargy and apathy, and these abnormalities disappeared after appropriate treatment. From the data accumulated, it is concluded that adrenal steroid and thyroid hormone do affect the functions of nervous system and, as a result, cause a number of clinical symptoms. The exact biochemical processes underlying these abnormalities are not known and remains for further investigations.
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PMID:[Manic-depressive symptom associated with endocrine and metabolic disorders]. 800 7

Exclusion is first defined: considered as a constraint, it is distinct from a marginal act, identified as a choice. The notion of having a depressive attitude is then reviewed according to local variations of expression. It is examined within a psycho-social-economic perspective and also considering personal identification elements. The depression of people being excluded is evaluated through 3 criteria: devaluation, cumulative insecurity and indifference. These criteria allow the evaluation of our mediation: family interviews, family and/or intervening persons working group, basis of educational programs for mental health.
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PMID:[Depression and social exclusion]. 803 38

The authors review the records of 6 patients with Huntington's disease (HD) who received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for depression. Five patients met criteria for major depression and 1 for bipolar disorder, depressed. None of the patients had responded to pharmacologic intervention, and 5 improved after ECT treatment. The 2 patients who had prominent delusions showed the greatest improvement. Apathy, and to some extent irritability, responded less well. One patient developed delirium, and the movement disorder worsened in another patient. ECT should be a treatment option in the management of depression in Huntington's disease, particularly when depression is resistant to pharmacologic treatment.
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PMID:ECT as a treatment for depression in Huntington's disease. 804 37

Vascular dementia (VAD) is common, and small vessel disease is one of the most frequent etiologies of the disorder. Lacunar state and Binswanger's disease are the two types of VAD associated with small vessel disease. Lacunar state and Binswanger's disease produce a dementia syndrome with characteristics of subcortical dementia including slowing of information processing, impaired memory, and poor sustained attention. Executive dysfunction includes poor word list generation and verbal fluency (design generation), impaired motor programming with perseveration and impersistence, and difficulty with set shifting. Memory loss in subcortical VAD is characterized by poor retrieval and intact recognition. Apathy is ubiquitous in VAD and depression and psychosis are common. Parkinsonism with prominent gait disturbances in conjunction with pyramidal tract signs, dysarthria, pseudobulbar affect, and incontinence are frequent motor manifestations of VAD with small vessel disease. The lesions of subcortical VAD affect the structures--caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, thalamus-and connecting fibers of frontal--subcortical circuits and produce a clinical syndrome similar to that seen in other subcortical diseases.
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PMID:Vascular subcortical dementias: clinical aspects. 808 75

Clozapine has proven to be more effective than typical antipsychotics in treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients, and some evidence suggests that it may be particularly useful in treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether this observation reflects improvement in "primary" or "secondary" negative symptoms. We hypothesized that a portion of clozapine's effect on negative symptoms would be related to an improvement in positive (psychotic and disorganization) symptoms, a decrease in extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE), and/or a decrease in depressive symptoms. The remainder of its effect would be related to a direct effect on the neural circuits or pathologic processes responsible for the negative symptoms. Twenty-nine treatment-refractory schizophrenics treated with clozapine for 6 weeks were studied. The core negative symptoms measured by the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms ([SANS] affective flattening, anhedonia/asociality, avolition/apathy, and alogia) all improved with clozapine treatment. Overall, there was a 31% improvement in negative symptoms, a 32% improvement in psychotic symptoms, and a 35% improvement in disorganization. The improvement in negative symptoms was correlated with improvement in disorganization, but not with improvement in psychotic symptoms, depression, or drug-induced EPSE. Although there was a correlation between improvement in negative symptoms and improvement in disorganization, there was a suggestion that the two are changing in parallel, but are independent of each other. It appears that at least a portion of clozapine's effect on core negative symptoms is mediated through a direct effect on the underlying pathophysiology of schizophrenia associated with negative symptoms.
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PMID:Clozapine's effect on negative symptoms in treatment-refractory schizophrenics. 814 34

Apathy and depression are discriminable but related dimensions of behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the source of the overlap between measures of apathy and depression. We evaluated the intercorrelations between the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HamD) in 107 subjects, aged 53-85, who met research criteria for normal aging, left or right cerebral hemisphere stroke, probable Alzheimer's disease, or major depression. We determined the correlation between the individual items on the HamD and the total scores on the AES and the HamD. The HamD items having the strongest correlations with AES total score were diminished work/interest, psychomotor retardation, anergy, and lack of insight. The correlation between AES and HamD total scores was nonsignificant when major depression subjects and these variables most closely related to apathy were excluded from consideration. These findings indicate that the convergence between HamD and AES is attributable to (i) a subset of HamD items which are consistent with the syndrome of apathy and (ii) the fact that major depression is associated with both apathy and depression. Clinical and research applications of these results are discussed.
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PMID:The sources of convergence between measures of apathy and depression. 832 82

Apathy and depression are discriminable but related dimensions of behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the source of the overlap between measures of apathy and depression. We evaluated the intercorrelations between the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HamD) in 107 subjects, aged 53-85, who met research criteria for normal aging, left or right cerebral hemisphere stroke, probable Alzheimer's disease, or major depression. We determined the correlation between the individual items on the HamD and the total scores on the AES and the HamD. The HamD items having the strongest correlations with AES total score were diminished work/interest, psychomotor retardation, anergy, and lack of insight. The correlation between AES and HamD total scores was nonsignificant when major depression subjects and these variables most closely related to apathy were excluded from consideration. These findings indicate that the convergence between HamD and AES is attributable to (i) a subset of HamD items which are consistent with the syndrome of apathy and (ii) the fact that major depression is associated with both apathy and depression. Clinical and research applications of these results are discussed.
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PMID:The sources of convergence between measures of apathy and depression. 835 67

Quality of life assessments were performed in 24 haemodialysis patients (10 males, 14 females, age 45 +/- 15 years) undergoing rHuEpo treatment. The results in the rHuEpo-treated patients were compared with those in eight haemodialysis patients not on rHuEpo and with the results of a nationwide study of dialysis patients in Sweden (carried out before rHuEpo was registered). Survey questionnaires (112 items, divided into three dimensions, i.e. physical, social, and emotional wellbeing) were completed before treatment (Hb 73 +/- 1.1 g/l), when the target Hb value of 10 g/dl was reached (1-7 months) and in 14 patients 1 year after correction of the anaemia. Before treatment, the rHuEpo group had significantly more complaints about poor appetite, fatigue, and irritability than the controls. After the anaemia was corrected, the rHuEpo group had significantly improved physical and emotional wellbeing. The most significant changes occurred in satisfaction with health, physical activities of daily life, and fatigue. Alterations in emotional symptoms, such as depression and apathy, were less pronounced. Only minor changes were observed in their social wellbeing. One year after correction of the anaemia, the improvements in physical and emotional wellbeing were still present in the rHuEpo-treated patients. A positive effect was also noted on hospitalization rate. Scores for the subdimensions of satisfaction with health, sexual adjustment, physical symptoms, and emotional wellbeing improved in the rHuEpo-treated group and reached a level that was the same, or even higher, than the scores in the dialysis patients in the nationwide study. In conclusion, the quality of life improved during rHuEpo treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Long-term effects on quality of life in haemodialysis patients of correction of anaemia with erythropoietin. 839 47

We describe the MRI changes preceding the onset of myoclonus in two patients whose post-mortem examination confirmed the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). MRI showed changes in the striatum early in the course of CJD (2-6 months after the onset of apathy, interpreted as depression, and 1-2 months before the onset of further clinical symptoms). Only in one patient did electroencephalography record the typical triphasic sharp-waves, 1 month after MRI.
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PMID:Early MRI findings in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. 841 83

Intravenous infusion of physostigmine (a centrally active anticholinesterase agent) in normal subjects leads to a syndrome of psychomotor inhibition; this has been proposed as a model for selected symptoms of depression. In view of its similarity to the negative schizophrenic syndrome, we compared the 'physostigmine syndrome' to the negative symptom profile by evaluating the behavioral effects of intravenous physostigmine infusion in seven normal volunteers. Observer ratings and self description revealed significant withdrawal, apathy, alogia, lethargy, decreased energy, slowed thoughts, diminished affective responsivity, and reduced hedonic capacity. Subjects did not report sadness, ideas of hopelessness, worthlessness, or guilt. These findings support the implication of cholinergic hyperactivity as one mechanism in the pathophysiology of negative schizophrenic symptoms.
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PMID:Cholinergic hyperactivity and negative symptoms: behavioral effects of physostigmine in normal controls. 846 Dec 67


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