Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The complex syndrome of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in weanling children, usually complicated by concurrent presence of numerous adverse environmental factors, is a chronic stressful situation which elicits a number of neuroendocrine and metabolic adjustments. Histidine metabolism is severely impaired in PEM in children and in experimental animals, and evidence from the latter indicate markedly increased body burden of histamine. The brain is the organ most prominently affected. Although data are still incomplete, histamine conforms with most criteria required of a neurotransmitter. Histamine interacts with other neuroregulatory substances in modulating many neuroendocrine and vegetative processes. Some of the prominent pathophysiological features associated with PEM in children such as increased circulating cortisol, defective thermoregulation, fluid/electrolyte imbalance, impaired immunity, reduced cardiac output with prolongation of systemic recirculation time, and apathy bordering on a clinical state of depression are consistent with the known effects of histamine as determined by neurochemical and neuropharmacological studies. It is suggested that studies of histamine status in human PEM, and the functional relationships between markedly elevated level of this amine with other neuroregulatory substances, will shed more light on the complex pathogenesis of the nutritional syndrome.
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PMID:Pathophysiological implications of increased brain burden of histamine in protein malnutrition. 310 36

The frequencies of 15 self-reported symptoms of cocaine withdrawal were compared in 75 subjects to the symptoms listed as criteria by DSM-III and DSM-III-R for either amphetamine or cocaine withdrawal. Three of the four most frequently reported symptoms, depression (75%), sleep disturbance (71%), and fatigue (69%), corresponded to DSM-III and DSM-III-R criteria. The only other DSM-III symptom, increased dreaming (33%), was infrequently reported, lending support to its deletion by DSM-III-R. Physical withdrawal symptoms, which are generally unappreciated in cocaine withdrawal, were reported by 64% of the sample. Neither the DSM-III criteria nor the new DSM-III-R criteria include other frequent symptoms which might contribute to relapse and impaired functioning, such as craving (69%), apathy/amotivation (67%), and restlessness (64%). Thus, these criteria may be too narrowly defined for treatment purposes.
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PMID:A comparison of self-reported symptoms and DSM-III-R criteria for cocaine withdrawal. 318 56

Subcortical dementia occurs both in disorders affecting the basal ganglia (for example, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy) and in a variety of subcortical vascular, infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, and traumatic conditions. The principal features of subcortical dementia include bradyphrenia, impairment of executive function, recall abnormalities, visuospatial disturbances, depression, and apathy. The syndrome contrasts with dementia of the Alzheimer type in which cortical involvement produces aphasia, combined recall and recognition deficits, and indifference. Electrophysiologic, biochemical, and metabolic studies support a distinction between subcortical and cortical dementias.
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PMID:Psychological dysfunction accompanying subcortical dementias. 328 89

We report a third family with six members with features of the syndrome of familial parkinsonism, depression, weight loss, and central hypoventilation. Patients with this syndrome typically die suddenly, presumably from central respiratory failure. Following multiple respiratory arrests, one affected member was successfully managed with aggressive pulmonary care, tracheostomy, and intermittent home mechanical ventilation, which, combined with carbidopa/levodopa, allowed for a functional lifestyle with improvement in apathy, mobility, and nutritional status.
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PMID:Familial parkinsonism, apathy, weight loss, and central hypoventilation: successful long-term management. 335 25

Personal anecdotes suggest that ascent to high altitude can cause mood changes such as depression, apathy, and drowsiness. Observed behaviors at high altitude indicate that people can become more euphoric, irritable, or argumentative. Since there are few systematic and quantitative studies assessing the effects of altitude on mood, this study compared moods measured at two different altitudes and times of day (morning-evening) using a standardized scale. Self-rated moods were determined twice daily in 19 males and 16 females with the Clyde Mood Scale. Baseline values were determined at 200 m; moods were then assessed at 4300 m with one group and at 1600 m with a second group. Friendliness, clear thinking, dizziness, sleepiness, and unhappiness were affected at 4300 m but only sleepiness changed at 1600 m. At 4300 m, the altered moods differed from baseline on the day of arrival (1-4 hours), differed even more after one day (18-28 hours), and returned to baseline by day 2 (42-52 hours). Morning and evening values were similar at each altitude. Therefore, changes in mood states at altitude have a distinct and measurable time course.
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PMID:Mood states at 1600 and 4300 meters terrestrial altitude. 339 Jan 10

Apathy, mood depression and extrapyramidal signs consisting of akinesia, amimia, gait apraxia, slight rigidity and tremor were induced in 10 patients by long-term treatment with flunarizine for trivial complaints. These symptoms suggest a mild antidopaminergic activity of flunarizine. Long-term administration of flunarizine should be avoided particularly in the elderly and in patients with extrapyramidal disorders.
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PMID:Extrapyramidal syndrome and depression induced by flunarizine. 341 89

The multifactorial, comprehensive description--as allowed by the AMDP scales--of two samples of depressed patients (95 endogenous vs. 86 nonendogenous according to ICD-9) illustrates a common pattern dominated by anxiety, depression, retardation and hostility but also significant differences: endogenous depressives reach higher Depression and Apathy-Retardation scores, whereas nonendogenous depressives have higher Dramatization and Hostility scores. The methodological aspects linked to the extraction of factorial profiles and the implications of the endogenous/nonendogenous differences are discussed.
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PMID:[AMDP profile of endogenous and non-endogenous depressions]. 361 71

The many losses and stresses of late life, often accompanied by feelings of loneliness and depression, make the elderly especially vulnerable to alcoholism and suicide. The elderly alcoholic is at significant risk for suicide. The major factors in geriatric alcoholism and suicide are depression (manifested by changes in sleeping and eating patterns, somatic complaints, and apathy), stress and loss, and helplessness and hopelessness. Alcoholism in the elderly can be detected and effectively treated, thus reducing the risk of suicide. Family and friends, physicians, and society all have a role in preventing alcoholism in the elderly.
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PMID:The alcohol-suicide connection in late life. 382 73

A 68 year-old man with a history of right thalamic hemorrhage demonstrated radiologically in the pulvinar and posterior portion of the dorsomedian nucleus developed a clinical picture of severe physical sequelae associated with major affective, behavioral and psychic disorders. Affective manifestations were a permanent anxiety-depression state contrasting with indifference to his surroundings. Behavioral changes included marked apathy, inertness and hypersomnia, together with occasional clastic agitated episodes and verbal and gestural stereotypies and soliloquies. Psychic sequelae were psychotic in nature: depersonalization crises, delusions of persecution, multisensorial hallucinations and absurd acts.
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PMID:[Thalamic dementia after a unilateral hemorrhagic lesion of the right pulvinar]. 382 7

Forty-six patients with various forms of endogenous depression were treated by night sleep deprivation (NSD) which was used as the cardinal method of treatment. A single session of NSD induced a considerable clinical improvement lasting 2-3 days in the majority of patients. Repetition of the procedure (3-6 times with a 2-3 day interval) led to a significant and stable clinical improvement in 32 of the 46 patients. The highest effect of treatment was observed in such symptoms as depression and suicidal tendencies, whereas in patients with vital anxiety, the efficacy of NSD was considerably lower. Individuals with the duration of the phase under one month and the greatest reduction of the symptomatology after the recovery night showed the greatest response to the treatment. Favourable prognostic signs included such symptoms as psychomotor inhibition, lassitude and apathy, although the tempo of their reduction in the process of treatment considerably lagged behind improvement in the general mood, sleep and regress of autonomous disorders. Activation of the noradrenergic system is assumed to be one of the main mechanisms of NSD action.
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PMID:[Sleep deprivation as a method of treating endogenous depression]. 392 43


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