Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 9-year-old, spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented for polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria following chronic methylprednisolone acetate therapy for pruritus. Initial diagnostics were consistent with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus. Serum calcium was within reference range. Within 12 hours the cat developed depression, anorexia, vomiting, and severe dehydration. Laboratory analysis indicated marked hypercalcemia as measured by both ionized and total calcium concentration. No underlying neoplastic or inflammatory process was identified. An adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test was indicative of adrenocortical insufficiency. The hypercalcemia resolved with glucocorticoid supplementation and correction of the dehydration. The diabetes mellitus and adrenal insufficiency both resolved within 9 weeks.
 ...
PMID:Hypercalcemia due to latrogenic secondary hypoadrenocorticism and diabetes mellitus in a cat. 1180 13

We report the case of a 53 year old patient who was admitted with polyuria, polydipsia associated with fatigue, depression and sexual dysfunction. Central diabetes insipidus with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism was diagnosed by a water restriction test and different static and dynamic hormonal dosages. Nodular thickening of the pituitary stalk was noted on the MRI and the biopsy permitted a histological diagnosis of infundibulitis.
 ...
PMID:[Infundibulitis, an unusual case of central diabetes insipidus]. 1252 40

Onset of action is a key unmet need in the treatment of depression. However, very few preclinical models in which the effects of antidepressants can be shown are suitable for screening for onset. In this context, previous literature suggests that a slow onset of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is observed in schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP). The current investigation was performed to determine the latency to reduce SIP of the SSRI, fluoxetine, and of two treatments known to facilitate 5-HT neurotransmission to a greater extent than an SSRI alone. These treatments included interaction studies for fluoxetine+the 5-HT(1A) antagonist, WAY 100635, and for fluoxetine+the 5-HT(1B) partial agonist, GR 127935. Food-restricted rats were trained on a fixed interval schedule with drinking water freely available. Once water intake was stable, rats were randomly assigned to vehicle of treatment groups. Daily treatment was continued for 3 (interaction studies) or 18 days (fluoxetine alone study). Fluoxetine significantly reduced SIP after 5-6 days of treatment, with the maximal effect evidenced after 8 days. WAY 100635 and GR 127935 accelerated the onset of action of fluoxetine, with significant effects observed on treatment day 1. These data suggest that SIP may be useful to assess the onset of action of serotonin enhancers.
 ...
PMID:Acceleration of onset of action in schedule-induced polydipsia: combinations of SSRI and 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptor antagonists. 1472 43

Salt poisoning has been described under various circumstances in adult cattle. Presenting clinical signs in 6 Holstein beef cattle with such poisoning were primarily dysfunction of the central nervous system and included ataxia, opisthotonus, nystagmus, depression, muscle twitching and intermittent convulsions, as well as abdominal pain and polydipsia. Diarrhea occurred in 2, and blindness in 3/6 cattle. Hypernatremia (161.8 - 178.8 mmol/L) and hyperosmolality (331.81 - 366.18 mOsm/L) were present in all animals. To treat the affected cattle, access to fresh water was restricted, vascular volume was expanded with isotonic saline and then hypotonic fluid (5% Dextrose solution) i.v. and dexamethasone im was administered. Although biochemical parameters returned to normal reference ranges, 3/6 affected animals remained blind.
 ...
PMID:Salt poisoning in beef cattle. 1508 Feb 19

A 3-year-old Thoroughbred filly was referred to the Equine Hospital, Korea Racing Association for evaluation of hematuria, inappetite, weight loss and depression. From 25 days prior to admission, the horse was treated for right carpal lameness with 20 mg intramuscular administration of triamcinolone acetonide per day for consecutive 10 days by a local veterinarian. Clinical and laboratory findings included vaginal hyperemia, flare in bladder wall, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, polyuria, polydipsia and laminitis in the end. High activities of aspartate transaminase and gamma glutamyltransferase and high concentration of total bilirubin indicated hepatopathy. Further hematology, serum biochemistry and urinalysis did not reveal any abnormalities. Medical history, physical and clinicopathologic findings suggest that the laminitis and hepatopathy in this horse were most likely induced by repeated administration of exogenous corticosteroid. However, guarded prognosis of treating laminitis undermined the benefit of improvement of hematuria following electroacupuncture stimulation. The combined stimulation of kidney related acupoints (Shen Peng, Shen Shu), lumber related acupoints (Yao Qian, Yao Zhong) and associate acupoints (Guan Yuan Shu, Bai Hui) at 5Hz, 1-2V, for 40 minutes was of value in the treatment of hematuria. This case shows that horses under steroids may exhibit laminitis and steroid hepatopathy. Early recognition and good management of laminitis are important in the limitation of complications.
 ...
PMID:Glucocorticoid-induced laminitis with hepatopathy in a Thoroughbred filly. 1536 45

This study was conducted with 3 objectives in mind: first, to identify the toxic fraction (aqueous or organic) in leaves and flowers; second, to identify diagnostic marker(s) of toxicosis in cats; and, third, to evaluate the morphologic effects of intoxication. The study was conducted in 2 phases. Phase 1 was to identify which extract, organic or aqueous, was nephrotoxic and also to determine the appropriate dose for use in the phase 2 studies. Results indicated that only the aqueous extracts of leaves and flowers were nephrotoxic and pancreotoxic. To identify the proximate toxic compound, cats in the phase 2 study were orally exposed to subfractions of the aqueous flower extract, 1 subfraction per cat. Results confirmed vomiting, depression, polyuria, polydipsia, azotemia, glucosuria, proteinuria, and isosthenuria as toxic effects of the Easter lily plant. Another significant finding in serum was elevated creatinine kinase. Significant histologic kidney changes included acute necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules and degeneration of pancreatic acinar cells. Renal ultrastructural changes included swollen mitochondria, megamitochondria, edema, and lipidosis. Subfraction IIa3 of the aqueous floral extract contained most of the toxic compound(s). These studies reproduced the clinical disease, identified the most toxic fraction of the Easter lily, and helped characterize the clinical pathology, histopathology, and ultrastructural pathology associated with the disease.
 ...
PMID:A comprehensive study of Easter lily poisoning in cats. 1558 68

Uncorrected hypercalcemia can cause clinical signs such as polyuria, polydipsia, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and depression and contributes to the development of primary renal failure and soft tissue mineralization. Treatment of hypercalcemia includes diagnosis and treatment of the underlying disease process and some combination of excracellular fluid volume expansion by administration of fluids intravenously and administration of glococorticosteroids, salmon calcitonin, and furosemide. Bisphosphonates such as pamidronate disodium also may be safe and effective in the treatment of hypercalcemia. The purpose of our study was to characterize the efficacy and safety of pamidronate in the treatment of hypercalcemia attritutable to several different disease processes in the dog and cat. Seven dogs and 2 cats were administered pamidronate at a dose of 1.05-2.0 mg/kg IV for a variety of disease processes, including neoplasia (n = 4), calcipotriene toxicity (n = 3), nocardiosis (n = 1), and idiopathic hypercalcemia with chronic renal failure (n = 1). In all the animals, IV pamidronate administration rapidly decreased serum calcium concentrations without evident toxicosis. Two animals received pamidronate several times without obvious toxicosis. On the basis of the findings in our retrospective study, pamidronate may be a safe and effective drug with which to lower both serum total and ionized calcium concentrations in patients with hypercalcemia arising from a wide variety of underlying disease processes.
 ...
PMID:Uses and effectiveness of pamidronate disodium for treatment of dogs and cats with hypercalcemia. 1571 44

The availability of an animal model for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is necessary for the development of novel pharmacological treatments. To be useful, the model must be predictive of clinical performance, possess characteristic criteria and distinguish anti-OCD from antidepressant compounds. Due to the lack of OCD models useful for drug discovery, all compounds currently used for OCD were developed first as antidepressants. In this article, we discuss the relative merits of: stereotypic behaviours (canine acral lick, feather picking, amphetamine- and 5-HT-induced stereotypy); adjunctive and displacement behaviours (schedule-induced polydipsia, wheel running, resident-intruder grooming); anxiolytic tests (separation and shock-induced ultrasonic vocalisation and marble burying); and depression tests (inescapable shock-induced escape and immobility in forced swim) as potential OCD models. We conclude that adjunctive and displacement behaviours, and in particular schedule-induced polydipsia, may prove to be the best models for compulsive behaviour in animals that can be used for the discovery of novel anti-OCD agents.
 ...
PMID:Animal models with potential applications for screening compounds for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. 1598 7

Meal contaminated by Datura stramonium seeds at the rate of 0.5% by weight was fed to two horses. Both horses showed clinical signs of depression, anorexia, weight loss, rapid heart and respiration rates, mydriasis, polyuria, polydipsia and diarrhoea. Both recovered with treatment. Maize screenings contaminated by the seeds had been used in the manufacture of the meal.
 ...
PMID:The toxicity of Datura stramonium (thorn apple) to horses. 1603 Oct 44

Whipple disease is a relapsing systemic illness caused by Tropheryma whippelii. Central nervous system involvement occurs in 5%-40% of all patients. Hypothalamic manifestations occur in 31% of Whipple encephalopathy, including polydipsia, hyperphagia, change in libido and insomnia. We report a case of a 48-year-old man with severe insomnia, depression, dementia, dysarthria, myoclonic movements of the limbs and ophthalmoplegia. The diagnosis of Whipple encephalopathy was confirmed by PCR analysis of blood and faeces. He received a full dose of antibiotic treatment. Despite clinical improvement, resolution of the lesions detected in MRI scan of the brain and negative results of the PCR in blood, faeces and cerebrospinal fluid six months later, insomnia persisted and finally subsided after the administration of carbamazepine (600 mg/day). Our case supports the finding that carbamazepine might be useful in the treatment of insomnia associated with Whipple encephalopathy.
 ...
PMID:An unusual case of insomnia associated with Whipple encephalopathy: first case reported from Greece. 1608 32


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>