Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixteen children, aged 16 days to 13 years with hepatoblastoma (HB) (13 patients) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (3 patients), were given a total of 89 courses of cisplatin and doxorubicin (PLADO) as IV continuous infusion. All tumors were confined to the liver except for 1 hepatoblastoma patient with pulmonary metastases at presentation. Tumor response to PLADO was evaluable in 10 children (8 HB, 2 HCC) treated with preoperative chemotherapy and in another 2 HB patients treated when they developed pulmonary metastases after initial treatment with surgery alone. There were 2 complete responses (2 HB with pulmonary recurrences), 7 very good partial responses (6 HB and 1 HCC), 2 partial responses (1 HB, 1 HCC), and 1 stable disease (HB). The last patient underwent orthotopic liver transplantation whereas all the other patients had their tumor completely excised at delayed surgery. Documented toxicity was BM depression (16 patients), infection (11), vomiting (11), mucositis (3), hearing loss (1), and cardiotoxicity (1). These data indicate that PLADO in continuous infusion is effective in the treatment of malignant epithelial liver tumors with acceptable toxicity.
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PMID:Effectiveness and toxicity of cisplatin and doxorubicin (PLADO) in childhood hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: a SIOP pilot study. 185 Aug 17

N-(2,2-Diphenylethyl)adenosine (DPEA) has been identified as a potential antipsychotic agent acting via stimulation of adenosine receptors. The projected human therapeutic dose, based on animal studies, is 2-3 mg/kg. DPEA has been tested for potential toxicity in mice, rats, dogs and monkeys. Following single oral doses, median lethal dose values were approximately 10-fold greater in rats than in mice, although similar clinical signs including reduced activity, prostration, and necrosis of the tail were seen in both species. DPEA was well tolerated at daily doses up to 40 mg/kg in rats for 2 weeks. A no observed effect level (NOEL) was not identified in the dog or monkey studies. Reduced activity, dacryorrhea, ptosis, hypothermia, necrosis of the tail, and death occurred in rats given 120 and 160 mg/kg. Pathologic changes consisted of pancreatitis, gastric erosion/ulceration, lymphocyte depletion of the thymus, and pulmonary congestion and hemorrhage at 80 mg/kg or greater. In dogs, sporadic emesis was noted at 12.5 mg/kg and greater, and significant pathologic changes consisted of coronary arteritis associated with myocardial lesions and lymphocyte depletion at 25 and 50 mg/kg, pancreatic acinar necrosis at 50 mg/kg, and renal tubular degeneration at 12.5 mg/kg and greater. Emesis and depression were noted at 25 and 50 mg/kg in monkeys. Renal tubular dilatation and degeneration at 25 and 50 mg/kg were noted in the monkeys. These studies demonstrated that DPEA produced a range of adverse effects in common laboratory animal species.
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PMID:Preclinical toxicity studies of an adenosine agonist, N-(2,2-diphenylethyl) adenosine. 187 77

Major depression disease is uncommon in children; it occurs mostly in children with a depressed parent or in children under major psychosocial stress such as physical or sexual abuse. Most depression in children is masked, i.e., the child presents with signs or symptoms such as headaches, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, vomiting, dizziness, hyperactivity, or school avoidance. Careful evaluation of the history is required to assist in the diagnosis. Some basic laboratory tests should be done to rule out organic disease. Psychiatric referral should be carried out after an appropriate evaluation.
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PMID:Depression and chronic fatigue in children. A masquerade ball. 187 11

In an effort to determine the incidence of respiratory depression and other side effects of subarachnoid morphine, we conducted the following prospective study in a large number (856) of young female patients undergoing cesarean delivery in one hospital. During the period from July 1987 to January 1989, patients receiving subarachnoid hyperbaric bupivacaine combined with 0.2 mg preservative-free morphine were included. They were continuously monitored for 24 hours using a pulse oximeter. For 24 hours, the vital signs, including respiratory rate every hour, and the side effects, including pruritus, nausea, and vomiting, were recorded. The need for analgesia and the total dose of opioids during the first 24 hours were documented. Our results showed that respiratory depression (SaO2 less than or equal to 85% and/or respiratory rate ten breaths per minute or less) occurred in eight patients, all of whom were markedly obese. Fifty-eight percent of the patients did not require analgesics for 24 hours. In those requiring an added opioid, the dose was (9.1 +/- 0.5 mg morphine, mean +/- SEM). Eighty-five percent of the patients were satisfied with the postoperative analgesia. Six percent were dissatisfied due to the side effects, i.e., pruritus, nausea and/or vomiting. Nine percent were dissatisfied with the pulse oximeter because it caused false alarms and limited their mobility.
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PMID:The addition of 0.2 mg subarachnoid morphine to hyperbaric bupivacaine for cesarean delivery: a prospective study of 856 cases. 188 70

We investigated 69 patients (most belonging to NYHA classes II and III) undergoing elective direct current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (46 patients) and atrial flutter (23 patients), respectively. Without premedication anaesthesia was induced with the new soya bean emulsion of propofol ('Diprivan') 1.2 mg.kg-1 over 45 s. Recovery time was measured from the start of the anaesthetic injection to the moment at which the patients regained consciousness. Completeness of recovery was assessed with two methods: opening eyes on command and time orientation. Good amnesia was observed in all patients. Conversion was achieved in all but seven patients (90%). After injection of propofol, the mean arterial pressure decreased slightly (2% below baseline). Induction of anaesthesia and successful DCC effected a statistically significant decrease in both the heart rate and the rate pressure product. Eleven patients required assisted ventilation for 2 min due to respiratory depression. Fifteen patients developed arrhythmias. Side-effects, such as myocloni, recall or vomiting, were not observed. In conclusion, propofol may well prove to be the anaesthetic of choice for DCC in cardiac patients because of good amnesia, low incidence of side-effects and short recovery time (mean 5.3 min).
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PMID:Propofol for direct current cardioversion in cardiac risk patients. 188 46

Dehydration, in childhood as in adulthood, may origin from an inadequate water ingestion or an excessive water elimination. Causes may be found in fever, vomiting, scalds, pulmonary hyperventilation, diabetes. Water loss during acute diarrhea in children can be even 6-7 times higher in comparison with an healthy child. Together with water, electrolytes are lost. We differentiate dehydration in isonatremic d. (70% of cases), hyponatremic d. (10%) and hypernatremic d. (20%) basing on Sodium loss. Important dehydration causes severe clinical symptoms as shock, renal and cardiocirculatory failure, convulsion, coma. Symptoms at the central nervous system level derivate both from hyperosmolarity in brain cells and from thrombosis or hemorrhages in subdural sites. Dehydration, following acute diarrhea, is slight when weight loss is lower than 5%. The child health conditions still remain good. Dehydration become moderate if weight loss reaches 5% and the child starts suffering. When the weight loss reaches 10%, dehydration is now severe and circulatory deficiency becomes evident. When it is higher than 10%, prognosis is very severe and shock and coma may be observed. In the present work, we illustrate the different ways of rehydration after acute diarrhea. Initially, oral rehydration must be established with one of the oral solutions, differing each other for amount of electrolytes and glucose. Recently, a new solution, "supersolution", has been presented differing from the other ones for electrolytes concentration and for the presence of rice starch instead of glucose. In most cases of diarrhea, oral rehydration appears adequate but sometimes an intravenous rehydration becomes necessary, e.g. in case of vomiting, CNS depression and in any case of severe gastroenteric symptomatology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Dehydrated child]. 189 82

Gastric volvulus is a rare disease. We recently encountered a gastric volvulus associated with Bochdalek hernia and severe hypopotassemia. A 32-year-old woman experienced epigastric pain and recurrent vomiting. The changes of the electrocardiogram in this patient (K1.8mEq/l) were inverted T wave and ST depression. She was diagnosed as having gastric volvulus associated with Bochdalek hernia by chest X-ray films, contrast radiography of the upper digestive tract and thoraco-abdominal CT scans. Symptoms did not disappear with the administration of conservative therapy. At laparotomy, the stomach was rotated around its mesenteric axis in the sagittal plane. After operative repair, symptoms disappeared, and serum potassium level returned to normal. Gastric volvulus is rather easily diagnosed if its existence is kept in mind.
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PMID:[A case of Bochdalek hernia in an adult with volvulus of the stomach and hypopotassemia]. 189 66

Twenty eight elderly patients scheduled for urologic surgery were randomly assigned to receive in a double blind fashion subarachnoid hyperbaric bupivacaine 15 mg with the addition of 50 micrograms (group A, n = 7), 25 micrograms (group B, n = 7), 12.5 micrograms (group C, n = 7), of fentanyl or 1 ml of saline (group D, n = 7) for a total volume of 4 ml. The pattern of breathing and the ventilatory response to CO2 were studied before 90, 150, 480 minutes after the subarachnoid injection. In group A mild pruritus and sedation occurred in 5 patients, nausea, vomiting and periodic breathing occurred in 2 patients. In group B mild pruritus and sedation were observed in 4 patients, nausea, vomiting in 2 patients. No significant changes in VE, Vt/Ti and Ti/Ttot were observed between the groups. Patients receiving 50 micrograms of fentanyl showed a slope VE/PET CO2 significantly below baseline values at 90 and 150 minutes (p less than 0.05). In this group the baseline values were restored after 480 minutes. No side effects were observed in group C and D. 25 micrograms fo fentanyl is the only dose with a significant analgesic effect without any respiratory depression.
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PMID:[Post-operative analgesia with sub-arachnoid fentanyl: ventilatory effects in elderly patients]. 192 60

Complication and side effects of spinal anesthesia have been studied in 2603 patients. The following complications of spinal anesthesia have been observed: transient and prolonged arterial hypotension; marked respiratory and circulatory depression; neurological consequences and early and late respiratory depression associated with intrathecal administration of narcotic analgesics. Side effects comprised vomiting, nausea, transitory urination disturbances, and itching. The dependence of the number of complications and side effects on the level of puncture, the patient's age and concentration of the anesthetic introduced into subarachnoidal space has been established.
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PMID:[Complications and side effects of spinal anesthesia]. 195 44

During 1984-1989, 19 Bedouin children, 4-8 years old, were hospitalized because of henbane plant (Hyoscyamus reticulatus) poisoning. There were 14 cases in the autumn, 3 in the spring and 2 in the summer. The most prominent signs were altered state of consciousness (including deep coma in 3) and flushed dry, warm skin in all. Pupils were dilated in 18 of the 19 and restlessness and hallucinations were present in 17. Less common were vomiting, increased tendon reflexes, convulsions, involuntary movements, ataxia, hypertension, hyperpyrexia and tachycardia. Therapy included intravenous physostigmine in 7 and sedatives (diazepam and triclofos) in 6. All were free of symptoms within 24 hours of admission. Henbane may grow as an annual or biennial. Renewed growth of leaf rosettes occurs before the first rains and they attract attention in the fields. The parts of the plant eaten by most of the children were the roots, which are easily mistaken for the edible roots of other plants. The main alkaloids in henbane are atropine (hyoscyamine) and scopolamine (hyoscine) which explains the clinical picture of mixed stimulation and depression of the brain. Educational measures should be undertaken to prevent poisoning of Bedouin children by eating such plants.
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PMID:[Henbane (Hyoscyamus reticulatus) poisoning in children in the Negev]. 195 6


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