Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) or cannabichromene, a structurally diverse naturally occurring cannabinoid, was delivered unilaterally to the corneas of cats either acutely by application of single drops or chronically via osmotic minipumps over a period of nine days. While delta 9-THC only reduced intraocular pressure (IOP) minimally after acute administration, this cannabinoid produced substantial reductions in ocular tension during the entire period of chronic administration. Ocular toxicity during chronic treatment, however, was pronounced; conjunctival chemosis, erythema, and hyperemia were sustained, and corneal opacities approximating the site of drug delivery became evident within three to five days. In contrast, cannabichromene did not significantly alter IOP either acutely or during the nine days of chronic administration, and ocular toxicity was not apparent. After systemic administration of delta 9-THC to rats, a dose-related increase in the appearance of 8-13 Hz polyspike discharges became evident in the electrocorticogram during wakefulness and behavioral depression. These polyspikes subsequently reappeared during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep episodes. Cannabichromene was devoid of this effect. These results indicate that, in contrast with acute administration, chronic delivery of delta 9-THC to cat eyes produces substantial reductions in IOP. The tension lowering effect, however, is accompanied by considerable ocular toxicity and neurotoxicity. As cannabichromene lacked these activities, the terpenoid portion of the cannabinoid structure appears to be important for their mediation.
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PMID:Intraocular pressure, ocular toxicity and neurotoxicity after administration of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol or cannabichromene. 632 6

Between October, 1978 and June, 1979, nine patients with biopsy-proven cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma were treated with combined total-skin electron beam radiation (TSEB) and topical chemotherapy. TSEB was administered using 3.8 MeV electron and dual exposure technique. All patients received skin dose of 400 rad once weekly to a total dose of 2000 to 2400 rad followed by topical chemotherapy with mechlorethamine hydrochloride (HN2) two to four weeks after completion of radiation. A complete response followed TSEB in seven of nine patients, but a relapse of disease activity has subsequently occurred within the first year for all the patients despite adjunct therapy, except for one patient who remains disease free for more than 21 months. Generalized severe erythema developed during or shortly after completion of radiation in six of nine patients, with blistering at the overlapping treatment fields and body folds in four patients. In addition four patients developed diffuse permanent telangiectasia of skin and one patient developed linear sclerosis, telangiectasis and painful ischemic ulceration on the fingertips two years after completion of electron beam therapy. Most patients had evidence of mild depression of lymphocyte responsiveness to Phytohemagglutinin after TSEB. Our conclusion is that the short-term benefits and convenience of this particular technique do not justify the acute and chronic toxicity encountered.
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PMID:Combined moderate dose electron beam radiotherapy and topical chemotherapy for cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma. 640 98

D-penicillamine (D-PA) has beneficial therapeutic effects for patients with rheumatoid arthritis but no convincing explanation has been offered for the mode of action. Experiments reported here were designed to gain an insight into the related mechanisms. Wistar rats were inoculated with various doses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to induce adjuvant arthritis, and on the 21st day, the lesions of paws and ears were graded according to the extent of the erythema and swelling. Rats given D-PA simultaneously with the inoculation of M. tuberculosis developed a more severe arthritis than that seen in the control group, when they were inoculated with low doses of M. tuberculosis. To investigate the effect of D-PA on hemolytic plaque forming cells (PFC) in the spleen, BDF1 mice were immunized with various doses of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and D-PA was injected in various doses and at various times. D-PA produced either enhancement or depression of the number of PFC, depending on the dose of antigenic stimulus of SRBC. Furthermore, D-PA slightly enhanced the concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis of the spleen cells in vitro, at a concentration of 1-50 microM, but at concentrations of 500 microM, inhibition was evident. These results indicate that D-PA may act as an immunomodulating agent.
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PMID:Studies of D-penicillamine (3): immunomodulating effects of D-penicillamine. 682 Mar 51

A new flowable formulation containing coumaphous, an organophosphate compound, will be used as an insecticide on cattle. It was evaluated for human and cattle safety. The oral LD50 for female rats was 37 mg of formulation/kg and the dermal LD50 for male rabbits was 500 mg/kg. The inhalation LC50 in female rats was 303 micrograms/L. Dermal sensitization in guinea pigs or eye irritation in rabbits were not observed. The formulation was a mild dermal irritant on rabbits, but the erythema reversed itself within 7 days. Spray safety evaluations in cattle included a single application, 2 treatments at 14 day interval, and 2 treatments at 28-day intervals with both 0.5 (highest label rate) and 2.5% (5X) concentrations. Dip vat treatments of cattle included 2 applications at a 7-day interval in 0.3% (highest label rate) and single applications with 0.6% (2X) and 1.2% (4X) concentrations. The cattle did not show significant clinical signs of toxicity nor did trends develop in clinical pathology. The lowest whole blood cholinesterase mean value for cattle sprayed once with a 0.5% concentration was 80% of the pretreatment value at 14 days post-treatment. The cattle receiving 2 dip vat treatments of a 0.3% concentration at a 7 day interval had their lowest cholinesterase reading (53% of pretreatment value) 10 days after the second treatment. Cholinesterase depression in cattle receiving higher than use rate treatment was related to the concentration applied.
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PMID:Toxicology studies conducted in laboratory animals and cattle with coumaphos flowable formulation. 718 41

Photoaugmentation is the potentiation of UVB-induced cutaneous erythema by UV irradiation. We have examined other cutaneous responses to UVB irradiation-the 4 hr depression of DNA synthesis, the 48 hr stimulation of DNA synthesis, and the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), to determine whether these were also susceptible to augmentation by UVA, which does not cause these responses when administered alone. No photoaugmentation of DNA synthesis, stimulation or ODC induction occurred. The early depression of DNA synthesis was slightly augmented for this did not consistently reach significance.
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PMID:Photoaugmentation in the hairless mouse: a study using ornithine decarboxylase activity and alteration of DNA synthesis as markers of epidermal response. 728 5

Streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD) skin tests and peripheral blood mononuclear stimulation to purified SK-SD delayed skin reactor (DSR) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was assessed in 41 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 17 controls. Lymphocyte response to DSR correlated directly with the diameter of SK-SD-induced erythema, and PHA stimulation decreased with age. RA patients did not show significant depression by either test or did hyporesponsiveness predict rheumatoid disease activity or prognosis. Six patients without medication demonstrated increased PHA responsiveness and a direct rather than inverse correlation with age.
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PMID:In vitro lymphocyte response in early rheumatoid arthritis. 728 64

1. The definition of relapse as "occurrence of new signs and symptoms of the disease during the period of surveillance or thereafter in a patient who successfully completes an adequate course of multidrug therapy" accommodates the current policy of releasing patients even when there are clinical and bacteriological signs of activity after fixed duration treatment. 2. The predisposing cause of relapse in the persistence of live M. leprae in various tissues in MB leprosy and in the nerve in PB leprosy. 3. The precipitating causes of relapse include (a) inadequate therapy due to miscategorization of MB cases as PB when there are solitary or few MB lesions since skin smear examinations for AFB are not routinely done in PB cases. (b) Previously sulphone treated LL cases inactive for more than two years are not included for MDT. Relapses commonly seen in NLEP units are in such cases. (c) Multiple skin and nerve lesions in PB leprosy. (d) Pregnancy and lactation. (e) Mental depression which downgrades immunity. (f) HIV infection. 4. There may be a change in type on relapsing, PB cases relapsing as MB and MB cases relapsing as PB. 5. Criteria for diagnosis of relapse are: increase in the extent of lesions, infiltration and erythema, fresh skin and nerve lesions, positive skin smears for AFB in previously negative cases; and in bacteriologically positive cases during surveillance, an increase in BI by two logs at any site over the previous BI in two successive examinations. 6. Relapses are but too often diagnosed as reversal reactions inspite of the absence of symptoms and signs of acute inflammation to the detriment of patients; a course of steroid therapy which is administered to these patients on the diagnosis of reversal reaction does not halt the progress of the disease especially in the nerve, resulting in disability.
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PMID:Clinical features and diagnosis of relapses in leprosy. 762 30

Langerhans cells (LCs) are epidermal antigen-presenting cells capable of initiating a specific T lymphocyte-mediated immune response. It is a well known fact that ultraviolet light B (UVB) suppresses LC number and function. In this study, we confirmed that the sunscreens CITY BLOCK, and TOTAL SUN SHIELD 28 (Clinique Laboratories Tokyo, Japan) protected the epidermis against the depletion of LC number. We also investigated whether or not sunscreens could provide LC protection from ultraviolet ray (UVR) damage other than the prevention of the decrease in the total number of cells. Our data showed that the LC population was depressed after irradiation by 100 mJ/cm2 or 10 mJ/cm2 of UVB, but recovered to within normal levels after 16 days. Both sunscreens provided protection against erythema and LC depression due to UVB irradiation. However, despite the fact that these sunscreens had completely suppressed UVB erythema, shrinkage of LC dendrites was seen. Apparently, sunscreens prevent UVB erythema, but do not protect against functional changes in LC due to UVB. Recently, it has been reported that sunscreens are less effective in protecting against systemic immunosuppression that against inflammation. The shrinkage of LC dendrites despite sunscreen application may help explain this discrepancy.
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PMID:The effects of sunscreens on UVB erythema and Langerhans cell depression. 796 67

Common tiger snake (Notechis scutatus) venom was injected into mice and dogs at various dose rates calculated on the known lethal dose (LD) for each species. The larger the dose of venom, the earlier was the onset of clinical signs and the more rapid and severe the course of the disease in both species. In dogs injected with 32 LD of venom, there was sudden collapse and death in about one hour from the time of injection without recovery from premonitory depression and before mydriasis occurred. Dogs given 5 to 16 LD of venom developed preparalytic signs (vomition, salivation or defaecation) in 5 to 30 min, mydriasis in 2 to 4 h, became paralysed and died in about 2.5 to 5 h. When doses of venom of about 1 LD were injected, vomition and salivation occurred within 2 h and mydriasis in about 4 h. The dogs were unable to close the mouth completely despite retention of jaw muscle tone. Sublethally envenomed dogs did not show preparalytic signs nor did they have general skeletal muscle paralysis. Even at the lowest dose tested (0.25 LD), however, they developed mydriasis and photophobia, which persisted for several days. At the site of injection of venom there was occasional but slight erythema and oedema.
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PMID:Common tiger snake envenomation in dogs and mice--relationship between the amount of venom injected and the onset of clinical signs. 806 44

We report a Japanese girl with atypical lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis. The initial lesion developed on the neck as an area of erythema which showed centrifugal spread to the nape, submandibular area and upper breast and central fading to leave a residual depression and purplish brown pigmentation symmetrically. A central depression on the neck, nape, submandibular area and upper breast was surrounded by a distinctive erythematous, slightly elevated and indurated border. Histological examination of the erythematous border revealed inflammatory changes in the subcutaneous fat. Although this patient was affected in an unusual site, we concluded that she had lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis, because of the overall features of the lesions.
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PMID:Lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis occurring in the neck. 813 42


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