Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antihistamines are a diverse group of drugs which possess the ability to inhibit various histaminic actions. By and large, they bear a certain structural resemblance to histamine, and act principally to prevent histamine-receptor interaction through competition with histamine for histamine receptors. Consequently, they are helpful therapeutically in preventing, rather than reversing, histaminic actions. Individual antihistaminic drugs act to inhibit histaminic action at one or another histamine receptor (H1 or H2-receptor), but not at both receptors. The large number of antihistaminics which have been available for many years and employed chiefly as 'antiallergic' drugs are classified as H1-receptor inhibitors; they are most effective therapeutically in inhibiting manifestations of histamine-induced wheal and erythema formation and pruritus. H2-receptor inhibitors, agents which are able to inhibit histamine-induced gastric acid secretion, have been developed more recently. Antihistaminics in general and H1-receptor inhibitors in particular, exert a wide variety of pharmacological activities. Their use is frequently accompanied by undesirable side-effects, notably CNS depression, dryness of mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal effects. Used judiciously and in proper dosage, antihistaminic drugs are helpful in the control of allergic disorders, allergic rhinitis and urticaria in particular; newly developed H2-receptor inhibitors show therapeutic promise in the treatment of peptic ulceration.
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PMID:Antihistamines: pharmacology and clinical use. 0 70

Lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis is an atrophic skin disease characterized by a localized depression of the abdominal and/or chest wall of infants. The depression starts either from the groins and their surroundings or from the axillae and their surroundings, and later gradually enlarges centrifugally to involve the larger part of abdominal and/or chest wall. The depressed areas are usually surrounded by slight erythema and scaling. Regional lymphnodes are usually swollen. Histologically, the loss or decrease of the subcutaneous fat is noted in the well-depressed areas. On the other hand, in the surrounding erythematous areas marked to moderate amount of inflammatory infiltrate is present in the subcutaneous fat.
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PMID:[Infantile centrifugal abdominal lipodystrophy]. 47 56

Treatment of basal-cell carcinomas with a carbon-dioxide laser was studied in 24 lesions for adequacy of treatment, the healing process, and the eventual cosmetic result after twelve months. There was a recurrence rate of 50% at the end of one year; healing occurred with mild degrees of hypopigmentation, erythema, and depression; and the cosmetic result was rated good or better than good in 10 of 11 lesions available for judgment. The high recurrence rate was due, we think, to our cautious use of the laser, which, we think nevertheless, warrants further trial with more aggressive application.
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PMID:Treatment of basal-cell carcinomas with a carbon-dioxide laser. 50 Sep 27

Gnotobiotic and conventional dogs of different ages were examined for intradermal skin test responses and in virtro peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to the phytomitogens, phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). All adult dogs skin tested with these mitogens demonstrated a positive skin reaction consisting of erythema and induration within 24 hours. In contrast, a positive reaction was obtained only with PHA-P when both mitogens were tested in conventional and gnotobiotic neonatal dogs. Lymphocytes from both adult and neonatal dogs underwent blastogenesis if cultured with PHA-P and PWM. Infection of gnotobiotic dogs with canine distemper virus (CDV) resulted in depression of PHA-P skin test response along with in vitro depression of lymphocyte blastogenesis. Persistent loss of skin test response correlated with eventual death due to CDV-associated encephalitis, whereas dogs which responded to PHA-P 14 to 21 days after viral inoculation survived CDV infection. The results of this study indicated that intradermal mitogen tests can be used as a rapid method for in vivo assessment of cell-mediated immunity in this species.
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PMID:Intradermal mitogen response in dogs: correlation with outcome of infection by canine distemper virus. 93 Nov 36

We report a Japanese boy with centrifugal lipodystrophy. The initial lesion developed on the forehead as an area of erythema which showed centrifugal spread and central fading to leave a residual depression. Three years later, similar erythematous lesions appeared on the cheeks, and he developed a cadaverous appearance. A central depression on the upper trunk was surrounded by an erythematous border and there was right cervical lymphadenopathy. Histological examination revealed inflammatory changes in the subcutaneous fat. Although this patient showed the characteristics of both centrifugal and progressive lipodystrophy (partial lipodystrophy), we consider that he has centrifugal lipodystrophy of the face because of the overall features of the lesions.
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PMID:Centrifugal lipodystrophy of the face mimicking progressive lipodystrophy. 141 63

An on-going multi-centre, double-blind, parallel-group study is being carried out to compare the efficacy and tolerability of sustained-release (SR) formulations of etodolac and diclofenac in patients with degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis) of the knee. An interim analysis of the findings has been made for 64 patients from two centres which have now completed their part in the study. Thirty-two patients were randomly assigned to receive 600 mg etodolac SR once daily for 4 weeks; the remaining 32 patients received 100 mg diclofenac SR. Primary efficacy assessments rated on a 5-point categorical scale were patient and physician overall assessments of the patient's condition, night pain and pain intensity. Secondary efficacy parameters included weight-bearing pain, stiffness duration, joint tenderness on pressure, degree of swelling and erythema, degree of knee flexion and time to walk 15 metres. The results showed that for both etodolac SR and diclofenac SR treatment groups there was an improvement from baseline in all efficacy parameters at the last visit and no statistically significant difference was observed between treatments. However, although not statistically significant, the improvement rate in the patient's condition at Week 2 was slightly greater in the etodolac SR treatment group, suggesting that improvement may occur more rapidly with etodolac SR than with diclofenac SR. With regard to tolerability, 5 patients in the etodolac SR treatment group and 3 in the diclofenac SR group withdrew from the study because of adverse reactions. Two events (dyspepsia and mouth ulceration) in the etodolac SR group and 4 events (headache, glossitis, depression and insomnia) in the diclofenac SR group were considered to be definitely drug-related. Dyspepsia was reported by 3 patients (1 withdrawal) treated with etodolac SR and by 4 patients (2 withdrawals) treated with diclofenac SR. A statistically significant decrease was observed in haemoglobin and haematocrit values after 4 weeks of treatment in the diclofenac SR group, but this was not considered to be clinically important. In addition, there were no clinically significant changes in blood chemistry and urinalysis for either treatments. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that 600 mg etodolac SR once daily for 4 weeks is effective in the treatment of patients with degenerative joint disease of the knee, as is 100 mg diclofenac SR. In addition, both drugs have comparable tolerability profiles.
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PMID:Double-blind comparison of etodolac SR and diclofenac SR in the treatment of patients with degenerative joint disease of the knee. 146 39

Any patient who has a Bell's palsy (unilateral or bilateral), aseptic meningitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, atypical radiculoneuropathy, presenile dementia, atypical myopathy, or symptoms of atypical rheumatoid arthritis should be asked specifically about the following: visits to highly endemic areas, any known tick bites, any skin lesion suggestive of erythema migrans, any history of palpitations or of prior Bell's palsy, aching in joints (especially the knees), paresthesias, chronic fatigue and depression, forgetfulness, and eye problems. Any patient showing a chronic iritis with posterior synechiae, vitritis in one or both eyes, an atypical pars planitis-like syndrome, big blind spot syndrome, and swollen or hyperemic optic discs should be asked the same questions. The physician should send one red-top tube of blood containing 2 to 3 ml serum to Microbiology Reference Laboratory, 10703 Progress Way, Cypress, CA 90630-4714, requesting a Lyme/treponemal panel. For $90 the patient will receive an RPR test with titer, serum FTA-ABS test, serum Lyme IFA IgG and IgM, and a serum Lyme ELISA test. If these tests are within normal limits and the physician is still suspicious, a Western blot can be ordered on serum. A green top tube with fresh white blood cells sent out by overnight express on a Monday or Tuesday will produce a Lyme PCR and a lymphocyte stimulation test. Finally, R.K. Porschen, director of MRL Laboratory, will provide information on the urine antigen test on an investigational basis. A careful history with emphasis on the specific questions noted above, a complete neuro-ophthalmological and physical examination ruling out other causative problems, and the laboratory studies here discussed will usually provide sufficient data to choose therapy. Much further active research into Lyme borreliosis is an important priority in medicine.
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PMID:Neuro-ocular Lyme borreliosis. 201 Nov 11

The bioavailability and cardiac depressant activity of 3H-clonidine was studied following intravenous and nasal administration in rodents. The drug is rapidly absorbed by nasal route, and the peak blood concentration is reached within 10 minutes. The area under the blood concentration-time curve, following intravenous and nasal routes, was found to be 3.55 x 10(5) counts/g/min and 3.75 x 10(5) counts/g/min respectively. The drug was found to eliminate slowly from blood. The t1/2 beta, following intravenous and nasal administration, was found to be 8.8 hr and 8.0 hr respectively. Our electrocardiographic studies, to compare myocardial depression following intravenous and nasal administration of clonidine, revealed that a bolus intravenous clonidine in the dose of 10 micrograms, 30 micrograms, and 100 micrograms/kg body weight produced a significant and transient decrease in heart rate in a dose dependent manner. One rat developed arrhythmia after receiving a higher dose of 100 micrograms/kg body weight of clonidine by intravenous route. However, only a mild decrease in heart rate was observed following nasal administration of clonidine. The examination of the nasal cavity one hour after the single dose of 100 micrograms/kg body weight of clonidine in rats showed no sign of erythema, oedema or lesions. These findings suggest that the nasal route may be a good substitute for I.V. administration of clonidine.
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PMID:Comparison of intravenous and nasal bioavailability of clonidine in rodents. 233 12

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is an uncommon systemic disorder with a highly variable course. A 17-year-old woman recently presented with a 1-month history of depression, weight loss, chest wall tenderness, hoarseness, and dysphagia. Physical examination revealed cachexia, low-grade fever, pharyngeal erythema, and tenderness of the right auricle, anterior chest, cricothyroid cartilage, and both knees. Laboratory studies included a hematocrit of 34% and a sedimentation rate of 50 mm/hr. Initial improvement on oral corticosteroids was followed by respiratory distress. At that time calcified tracheal cartilage, subglottic stricture, and a saddle nose deformity were present. Despite therapy with steroids, dapsone, and pulse cyclophosphamide, the respiratory distress reoccurred, eventually necessitating tracheostomy. Tracheal cartilage biopsy confirmed the presumptive diagnosis of RP. Bilateral auricular chondritis developed after initial presentation, as did acute vertigo. Although seen in all age groups, less than 10% of cases of RP are seen in children and adolescents. Auricular chondritis (89% of all cases), inflammatory asymetric arthritis (81% of all cases), nasal chondritis (72% of all cases), respiratory tract chondritis (56% of all cases), and audiovestibular abnormalities (46% of all cases) were present in our patient. Relapsing polychondritis may follow a slowly evolving or rapidly progressive course. Appropriate diagnosis and aggressive therapy are recommended to lessen the morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Relapsing polychondritis in an adolescent. 260 58

Although the traditional approaches to lateral orbital dermoids with incision directly over the lesion or camouflaged beneath the inferior brow provide good direct exposure of the lesion, the result may be cosmetically less acceptable due to prolonged erythema and ultimate depression of the scar when placed in the thicker skin of this region. The results in 11 patients in whom an eyelid crease incision was used are reported. Camouflage of the incision by the overlying lid fold resulted in very satisfactory cosmesis in the immediate postoperative period. The extremely thin lid skin in the crease resulted in rapid healing with a virtually imperceptible mature scar. With sufficient extension of the incision and undermining, the lid tissues could be displaced to allow adequate exposure and removal of the dermoid in all cases.
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PMID:The eyelid crease approach to superficial lateral dermoid cysts. 334 40


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