Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-four Parkinson patients (19 patients of the rigid-akinetic type, 13, of the rigid-akinetic-tremor type, and 12, of the tremor type) were included in a study in order to analyse correlations of the expression of the motor symptoms tremor, rigidity, akinesia, with other clinical parameters, computertomographic aspect of brain atrophy and psychometrically assessed cognitive parameters. Rigidity and akinesia are significantly positively correlated with the severity of motor dysability, stage of the disease, and brain atrophy, as is akinesia with a history of pharmacotoxic psychosis. Tremor is significantly negatively correlated with motor dysability, stage of the disease, and history of pharmacotoxic psychosis. Akinesia is correlated with visuomotor dysfunction (tested with Bender Gestalt Test) and rigidity with the depression score (Zung scale). The tremor type is favorable, the rigid-akinetic type unfavorable with respect to motor disability and psychosis.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic implications of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease with respect to clinical, computertomographic and psychometric parameters. 378 47

The clinical pattern of symptoms consists of motor disorders (akinesia, tremor, rigor), emotional disorders (depression, abnormal behaviour), autonomic disorders (sweating, salivation, seborrhoea, constipation) and intellectual disorders (bradyphrenia, Alzheimer's dementia)
 ...
PMID:[Clinical picture of Parkinson disease]. 378 88

High hydrostatic pressure has been shown to produce neurological changes in humans which manifest, in part, as tremor, myoclonic jerks, electroencephalographic changes, and convulsions. This clinical pattern has been termed high-pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS). These symptoms may represent an alteration in synaptic transmission in the central nervous system with the inhibitory neural pathways being affected in particular. Since gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission has been implicated in other seizure disorders, it was of interest to study GABAergic function at high pressure. Isolated synaptosomes were used to follow GABA release at 67.7 ATA of pressure. The major observation was a 33% depression in total [3H]GABA efflux from depolarized cerebrocortical synaptosomes at 67.7 ATA. The Ca2+-dependent component of release was found to be completely blocked during the 1st min of [3H]GABA efflux with a slow rise over the subsequent 3 min. These findings lead us to conclude that high pressure interferes with the intraterminal cascade for Ca2+-dependent release of GABA.
 ...
PMID:Effect of pressure on [3H]GABA release by synaptosomes isolated from cerebral cortex. 380 14

Wilson's disease is a multisystem disorder. Heart involvement in Wilson's disease, however, has rarely been recognized. A prospective study was undertaken of 53 consecutive patients (28 men and 25 women, mean age of 21.4 years) with Wilson's disease. Electrocardiographic abnormalities occurred in 18 of 53 patients (34 percent), including left ventricular hypertrophy, biventricular hypertrophy, early repolarization, ST depression and T inversion, premature atrial or ventricular contractions, atrial fibrillation, sino-atrial block, Mobitz type 1 atrioventricular block, and tremor artifact. In contrast, 26 medical students and 14 carriers of Wilson's disease as control subjects (mean age of 22.6 years) all showed normal ECG. Eight out of 43 patients (19 percent) demonstrated asymptomatic orthostatic hypotension. An abnormal response to the Valsalva maneuver occurred in six of 18 patients (33 percent). There were two cardiac deaths; one died of repeated ventricular fibrillation (the copper content in the myocardium was 2.28 micrograms/g, and in the bundle of His 1.21 micrograms/g wet weight in the autopsy specimen); and the other, of dilated cardiomyopathy. It is concluded that four modes of cardiac manifestations in Wilson's disease include arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, cardiac death, and autonomic dysfunction. Such possible cardiac involvement should be added to the clinical picture of Wilson's disease involving the hepatic and central nervous system.
 ...
PMID:Cardiac Wilson's disease. 382 52

A sequential sample of 101 patients hospitalized for ethanol withdrawal and requiring sedation for evolving withdrawal syndromes was assigned randomly according to a double-blind protocol to treatment with either alprazolam or chlordiazepoxide administered orally. The data from one patient were unevaluable due to acute bleeding, leaving a sample of 100 (50 in each condition). At discharge, three independent ratings of diaphoresis, tremor, hallucinations, nausea/vomiting, and overall severity of withdrawal were obtained, and the occurrence of delirium tremens and grand mal seizures was noted. Patients also completed the Beck Depression Inventory, and their disposition following discharge was recorded. There were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups on any of the dependent variables studied. It was concluded that the choice between alprazolam and chlordiazepoxide for managing ethanol withdrawal should be based on criteria other than efficacy of control. Potential antidepressant effects and drug kinetics were suggested as the basis for rational decision-making.
 ...
PMID:Double-blind trial of alprazolam and chlordiazepoxide in the management of the acute ethanol withdrawal syndrome. 388 64

The use of electrical currents for the treatment of disease has been considered since antiquity but it has only been in recent years that suitable devices have been available to scientific investigators to provide stimulation currents for clinical use. These devices have been used extensively for the relief of intractable pain and are an accepted treatment modality today. Other investigators have turned to the investigation of the effects of tiny currents, less than one milliampere, applied to the head. Recent investigations have been successful in the alleviation of such symptoms as insomnia, depression, and tremor. Other investigations have shown similar currents to be effective in relieving stress that accompanies withdrawal from substance abuse. In spite of these successes, resulting from scientific investigation of the effects of cranial electrical stimulation, there is still a general reluctance to use this new modality. It is the purpose of this paper to review pertinent aspects of this treatment so the health care practitioner may make judgements with respect to the safety and efficacy of cranial electrical stimulation.
 ...
PMID:Electrical stimulation and substance abuse treatment. 388 83

Sixty out-patients with different nosological types of depression were assigned at random to three different treatment groups and were treated under double-blind conditions for 6 weeks. Two groups received diclofensine in capsules of either 15 or 25 mg, and a third group received capsules with imipramine 25 mg. The dosage schedule provided an initial dose of 2 capsules/day which was to be gradually increased up to a maximum dose of 9 capsules/day. The daily mean dosages actually given over the entire trial period were 64.0 mg diclofensine for group I, 97.6 mg diclofensine for group II, and 102.9 mg imipramine for group III. All treatment groups showed a good improvement of the patients' clinical states within the 6-week period, but the imipramine-treated patients improved more slowly than the diclofensine-treated patients. This was demonstrated by the mean total scores of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Evaluation of different factors of the HDRS yielded differences between the two drugs in favour of diclofensine for the factor 'inhibition' from the end of week 1 until the end of week 3 and for the factor 'somatic complaints' during week 3. Side effects were - dose dependently - less frequent, less severe, and lasted shorter in the diclofensine-treated patients than in the imipramine-treated ones. The most frequently reported side effects in the diclofensine-treated patients were dry mouth, insomnia, dizziness, and agitation. In the imipramine group side effects were mainly dry mouth, tremor, dizziness, and sleepiness. In conclusion, this study shows an impressively faster onset of efficacy of diclofensine over imipramine, a finding which should be replicated by further studies.
 ...
PMID:Diclofensine and imipramine. A double-blind comparative trial in depressive out-patients. 391 58

The acute effects of alcohol on spontaneous locomotor activity in male Swiss mice were studied at various times after an IP injection of 2 g/kg ethanol. Subjects were placed alone in a novel arena and videotape recordings were made of behaviour: trials were of 500-s duration and commenced at either 30, 60, 120, or 180 min after alcohol administration. Measures of behaviour included various indices of ambulation and immobility, together with a more detailed ethological analysis of the frequencies of all other acts and postures shown by test animals. Ambulation showed a biphasic response to alcohol treatment, consisting of an initial stimulation followed by a suppression after 3 h. Immobility was also increased by alcohol, and showed peak stimulation in trials commencing 30 min after administration: thereafter there was a progressive return to baseline levels. Many behavioural elements were suppressed including rearing, digging, shaking, and abbreviated grooming. Ethanol thus appeared to produce two distinct types of depression, in terms of increased immobility (and suppression of other behaviour) and in terms of decreased ambulation, the latter occurring when immobility had returned to baseline levels.
 ...
PMID:Time course of the locomotor stimulant and depressant effects of a single low dose of ethanol in mice. 392 Jun 99

Bicuculline methiodide (0.5-3 nmol) and picrotoxin (0.5-4 nmol) were injected uni- or bilaterally into the rat amygdala and the resulting behavioural, electroencephalographic and morphological alterations were studied. In rats treated unilaterally with lowest doses of either bicuculline or picrotoxin (0.5 and 1 nmol) increase in the locomotor activity, occasional myoclonus of the hindlimbs and wet dog shakes were observed. At doses of 2-3 nmol, both gamma-aminobutyrate antagonists produced a sequence of repetitively occurring behavioural alterations including limbic gustatory automatisms, tremor and myoclonus of the forelimbs, head nodding and rearing, that developed over 15-30 min and built up progressively into the recurrent motor limbic seizures lasting for 1-6 h. In animals injected bilaterally with either bicuculline (0.5-3 nmol) or picrotoxin (0.5-3 nmol) motor limbic seizures rapidly developed into the status epilepticus lasting for several hours. Bicuculline and picrotoxin produced both ictal and interictal epileptiform activity in the electroencephalogram. A spectrum of electroencephalographic changes consisted of high voltage fast activity, slow and fast voltage spiking, paraoxysmal bursts and periods of postictal depression. The earliest electrographic alterations appeared in the amygdala and then rapidly spread to cortical areas. Electrographic seizures started 1-10 min after unilateral injections of large doses of bicuculline and pictrotoxin (2-4 nmol). Ictal periods lasted for 1-2 min, recurred every 5-10 min and were followed by periods of depression of the electrographic activity. Bilateral injections of large doses of both gamma-aminobutyrate antagonists (2-3 nmol) resulted in the status epilepticus. Morphological examination of frontal forebrain sections with light microscopy revealed a widespread damage to the amygdala, olfactory cortex, substantia nigra, thalamus, hippocampus and neocortex. Pretreatment of animals with diazepam prevented the build-up of convulsive activity and brain damage produced by bicuculline or picrotoxin. Muscimol retarded the appearance and shortened the duration of convulsive activity, but did not alter the sequence and intensity of seizures. The results indicate that gamma-aminobutyrate antagonists, bicuculline and picrotoxin when directly applied to the amygdala can elicit in rats motor limbic seizures, epileptic changes in the electroencephalogram indicative of repetitive limbic seizures, and status epilepticus accompanied by seizure-related brain damage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Injections of picrotoxin and bicuculline into the amygdaloid complex of the rat: an electroencephalographic, behavioural and morphological analysis. 397 84

The acute effects of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) were assessed in DBA/2Ibg, C57BL/6Ibg and C3H/2Ibg mice. The DFP was administered by intraperitoneal injection in saline. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was maximally inhibited within 5 min after injection. All mice showed signs of organophosphate intoxication including salivation, lacrimation, diarrhea, respiratory distress, tremor and, at high doses, seizures. The C57BL mice were most susceptible to these effects of DFP. The LD50 values for DFP were 8.0, 7.6, and 6.8 mg/kg for male DBA, C3H, and C57BL mice, respectively. The LD50 values for females were nearly the same. Body temperature and brain AChE activity decreased in a dose-dependent manner following injections of DFP of 3.17, 4.22, 5.28, and 6.33 mg/kg. Maximum temperature depression occurred 2 hours after DFP administration; by 24 hours temperatures had returned to normal except for C57BL mice treated with the highest dose of DFP. The C57BL strain was most susceptible to the DFP-induced hypothermia, the C3H strain was the most resistant, and the DBA strain was intermediate. Maximum temperature depression and residual AChE activity, as measured 24 hours after injection, were linearly related. These strain differences do not seem to be explained easily by a differential inhibition of AChE activity.
 ...
PMID:Genetically determined differences in acute responses to diisopropylfluorophosphate. 399 71


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>