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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Despite the considerable consequences, school teachers treated in psychosomatic in-patient settings, have not yet been the subject of investigations. Whether, for whom and which kind of job related treatment can be helpful for teachers returning to work can only be discussed if the specific stress and the social situation of teachers as public officials ("Beamtenstatus") are taken into consideration. On this point of view a systematic evaluation of 63 psychosomatically ill teachers consecutively admitted in a psychosomatic hospital was performed. The average age was 50, suffering mostly from depression or/and tinnitus. Most teachers rated job related stress as influencing their symptomatologies. A program focusing on discrepancies between personal ideals versus real situations in school, problems in social interactions and time management, should be a valuable part of the teachers' psychosomatic inpatient treatment. This approach was affected by a strong desire for early retirement in about half of the teachers.
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PMID:[Psychosomatic disease in female teachers. Social context, contents and perspectives of inpatient treatment with a goal of rehabilitation and return to work]. 1057 5

Spontaneous magnetoencephalographic activity was recorded in awake, healthy human controls and in patients suffering from neurogenic pain, tinnitus, Parkinson's disease, or depression. Compared with controls, patients showed increased low-frequency theta rhythmicity, in conjunction with a widespread and marked increase of coherence among high- and low-frequency oscillations. These data indicate the presence of a thalamocortical dysrhythmia, which we propose is responsible for all the above mentioned conditions. This coherent theta activity, the result of a resonant interaction between thalamus and cortex, is due to the generation of low-threshold calcium spike bursts by thalamic cells. The presence of these bursts is directly related to thalamic cell hyperpolarization, brought about by either excess inhibition or disfacilitation. The emergence of positive clinical symptoms is viewed as resulting from ectopic gamma-band activation, which we refer to as the "edge effect." This effect is observable as increased coherence between low- and high-frequency oscillations, probably resulting from inhibitory asymmetry between high- and low-frequency thalamocortical modules at the cortical level.
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PMID:Thalamocortical dysrhythmia: A neurological and neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by magnetoencephalography. 1061 66

The present study compares the results obtained on original and French versions of the TRQ (Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire) initially published by Wilson, Henry, Bowen, and Haralambous (1991) in English to evaluate the psychological distress of tinnitus sufferers. Reliability and validity of the French translation were determined using data from 173 normal hearing or hearing-impaired patients with tinnitus lasting from 1 month to 41 years. They completed the translated questionnaire and a short version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. The results indicated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .94), and the reliability of the French version of the TRQ was demonstrated, except for items 5 and 20. High statistically significant correlations were found between the TRQ and Depression, Psychaesthenia, and Anxiety Mini-Mult subscales. The validation demonstrates only minor effects of language. The French version of the TRQ thus is an equally valid tool as the original English version for evaluating tinnitus distress of a patient.
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PMID:Validation assessment of a French version of the tinnitus reaction questionnaire: a comparison between data from English and French versions. 1066 61

The objective of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of a Danish translation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), a self-report measure of perceived tinnitus handicap. The Danish version of the THI was administered to 50 patients reporting tinnitus as their primary complaint or secondary to hearing loss. Construct validity was assessed using tinnitus symptom rating scales, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Tinnitus Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and perceived tinnitus loudness and pitch. The Danish translation of the THI and its subscales showed good internal consistency reliabilities (c = 0.93 to alpha = 0.74) comparable to those of the original version. High to moderate correlations were observed between THI and psychological distress, tinnitus symptom ratings, neuroticism and maladaptive tinnitus coping. A confirmatory factor analysis failed to validate the three subscales of THI, and high intercorrelations found between the subscales question whether they represent three distinct factors. The results suggest that the Danish THI-Total scale may be a reliable and valid measure of general tinnitus related distress that can be used in a clinical setting to quantify the impact of tinnitus on daily living.
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PMID:Reliability and validity of a Danish adaptation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. 1071 75

Two studies are described which were designed to investigate the relationship between psychological distress and tinnitus. In the first study, four groups of subjects (N=72) who differed in degree of tinnitus-related distress were compared on audiological measures. No differences were found between the four groups on loudness, pitch and minimum masking level when employing the Bonferroni correction which controls for inflation of the Type I error rate when conducting multiple statistical tests on the same set of data. The univariate tests indicated that the more severely distressed tinnitus sufferers experienced loud tinnitus as measured by a loudness match procedure. In the second study, 81 tinnitus patients were categorised as either displaying high or low tinnitus-related distress. The two groups were compared on various measures including level of depressive symptomatology, reported use of coping strategies, perceived benefits from these coping strategies, reported engagement in depression-related negative cognitions, and tinnitus-specific dysfunctioning thinking. High distress subjects were found to have elevated scores on the Beck Depression Inventory. These subjects also reported engaging in more dysfunctional thinking specifically in relation to tinnitus. The implications of the findings of the two studies are discussed.
Int Tinnitus J 1995
PMID:Coping with Tinnitus: Two Studies of Psychological and Audiological Characteristics of Patients with High and Low Tinnitus-Related Distress. 1075 28

Sixty subjects with chronic tinnitus were randomly allocated to one of three experimental conditions: (1) cognitive coping skills training (attention diversion, imagery training and thought management skills) combined with education. (2) education-only, or (3) waiting-list control. The two treatment groups improved significantly more than the waiting-list control on measures of frequency of use of coping strategies, benefits derived from the use of coping strategies, irrational beliefs and knowledge about tinnitus. Subjects who received the combined cognitive/education intervention demonstrated significantly greater reductions in distress and handicaps associated with tinnitus, and engagement in dysfunctional cognitions, than the subjects who received education alone. No significant effects were obtained on measures of depression, locus of control, or on daily ratings of subjective loudness, noticeability or bothersomeness of the tinnitus. At the 12-month follow-up, the differential treatment effects had dissipated. Although the treatment resulted in statistically significant effects, the size of the clinical effects is rather modest. Implications for the further development of treatment techniques are discussed.
Int Tinnitus J 1996
PMID:The Psychological Management of Tinnitus: Comparison of a Combined Cognitive Educational Program, Education Alone and a Waiting-List Control. 1075 39

The development of the Tinnitus Cognitions Questionnaire (TCQ), a scale designed to assess positive and negative cognitions associated with tinnitus, is described. Psychometric analyses of the TCQ are examined, with a total of 189 subjects from three separate samples. The results indicate good test-retest reliability (r = 0.88) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91). Factor analysis revealed two factors that were interpreted as positive cognitions and negative cognitions. TCQ negative items and positive items were found to be unrelated (r = 0.09). Correlations between the TCQ and other self-report indices of depression, automatic negative thoughts, and tinnitus-specific symptomatology are reported. The TCQ may provide a useful index of the cognitive responses of tinnitus sufferers and may be employed as a measure of change in outcome research on psychological management of tinnitus.
Int Tinnitus J 1998
PMID:Tinnitus Cognitions Questionnaire: Development and Psychometric Properties of a Measure of Dysfunctional Cognitions Associated with Tinnitus. 1075 81

The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive interference caused by tinnitus by means of a modified version of the Stroop color-word test. In a mixed-design study, the performances of tinnitus patients (n = 23) and healthy controls with normal hearing (n = 23) were compared on three versions of the Stroop test: the original version, a modified version including physical-threat words, and a tinnitus version for which tinnitus words (descriptors of tinnitus; e.g., peep) were derived empirically. Matched control conditions (words) were included for all three versions, yielding a total of six screens that were presented on a computer. Participants in the control group were matched with the patients for age and gender. Main dependent measures were performance on the Stroop tests in terms of total time for completing each test. Also included were the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the state version of the Spielberger Trait State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), and a subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale measuring verbal ability. Results showed that tinnitus patients performed significantly slower on all six test conditions. The classical Stroop color-word interference was replicated in both groups. Also, an effect for physical-threat words was found for both groups. Our expected tinnitus word interference could not be established. Patients scored significantly higher than controls on the BDI and the STAI, but these measures did not correlate with the Stroop results. In conclusion, the results indicate that tinnitus patients have impaired cognitive performance overall, as measured by these variations of the Stroop paradigm, but hearing impairment cannot be excluded as a possible confounder.
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PMID:Tinnitus and cognitive interference: a stroop paradigm study. 1106 38

The majority of patients with tinnitus experience a lessening of their symptoms during an 18-month period after their first consultation. The exception to this rule is severe incapacitating tinnitus, the sometimes very troublesome symptoms of which show no sign of diminishing with time. The aim of the present study was to investigate risk factors for incapacitating tinnitus, as measured by absence from work related to tinnitus (AWT) of more than 1 month during an 18-month period after the first visit to the tinnitus clinic. Audiometric data and the scores from the Tinnitus Severity Questionnaire and the Nottingham Health Profile at the first visit to the clinic were correlated to AWT by a logistic regression model. By using this risk model, an individual risk score for AWT could be estimated. Depression and physical immobility were strong predictors of AWT, and hearing loss was moderate. Based on these results, we suggest that the aetiology of tinnitus severity could be described as depression-/anxiety-related, somatic, and auditory tinnitus.
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PMID:Predictive factors for the severity of tinnitus. 1109 13

The relationship between tinnitus and psychiatric disorders has long been recognised. We have addressed this question by investigating the prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis in a consecutive series of tinnitus patients (n=82) without severe socially disabling hearing loss referred to an audiological clinic. The psychiatric evaluation was based on a standardised diagnostic interview (SCID-P) in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (DSM-III-R) and on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD Scale). An experienced psychiatrist performed the interview 24 months after the patient's first visit to the clinic. Lifetime depressive and anxiety disorders were recorded in 62 per cent and 45 per cent of the cases respectively, but only 34 per cent had had contact with any healthcare institution for emotional disturbances. Only 7 per cent reported that they had tinnitus prior to their depressive and/or anxiety disorders. We conclude that it is of great importance to identify these emotional disturbances in patients suffering from tinnitus.
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PMID:Psychiatric disorders in tinnitus patients without severe hearing impairment: 24 month follow-up of patients at an audiological clinic. 1146 95


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