Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Direct bird-to-human transmission, with the production of severe respiratory disease and human mortality, is unique to the Hong Kong-origin H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, which was originally isolated from a disease outbreak in chickens. The pathobiology of the A/chicken/Hong Kong/220/97 (H5N1) (HK/220) HPAI virus was investigated in chickens, turkeys, Japanese and Bobwhite quail, guinea fowl, pheasants, and partridges, where it produced 75-100% mortality within 10 days. Depression, mucoid diarrhea, and neurologic dysfunction were common clinical manifestations of disease. Grossly, the most severe and consistent lesions included splenomegaly, pulmonary edema and congestion, and hemorrhages in enteric lymphoid areas, on serosal surfaces, and in skeletal muscle. Histologic lesions were observed in multiple organs and were characterized by exudation, hemorrhage, necrosis, inflammation, or a combination of these features. The lung, heart, brain, spleen, and adrenal glands were the most consistently affected, and viral antigen was most often detected by immunohistochemistry in the parenchyma of these organs. The pathogenesis of infection with the HK/220 HPAI virus in these species was twofold. Early mortality occurring at 1-2 days postinoculation (DPI) corresponded to severe pulmonary edema and congestion and virus localization within the vascular endothelium. Mortality occurring after 2 DPI was related to systemic biochemical imbalance, multiorgan failure, or a combination of these factors. The pathobiologic features were analogous to those experimentally induced with other HPAI viruses in domestic poultry.
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PMID:Pathobiology of A/chicken/Hong Kong/220/97 (H5N1) avian influenza virus in seven gallinaceous species. 1128 Mar 71

Spleen veins ligature (SVL) led to acute congestive splenomegaly in rats with subsequent normochromic anaemia disappearing on the 21st day after the SVL. An appreciable depression of the bone marrow erythropoiesis, particularly of the so called "proliferating erythroblastic islets" number, was evident on the 7th and 14th days of post-SVL period. The post-SVL anaemia was also associated with occurrence of the "islets" missing central macrophages and eosinophil-enriched "islets" in bone marrow.
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PMID:[Effect of acute congestive splenomegaly on erythropoiesis in rats]. 1138 59

A 13-yr-old ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) was evaluated for depression, anorexia, polyuria, and polydipsia. The lemur was in poor body condition and was anemic, hypoalbuminemic, and hyponatremic. Cytologic examination of aspirates of the spleen, liver, and bone marrow and histopathologic examination of liver and bone marrow biopsies revealed a disseminated round cell tumor. After euthanasia, necropsy revealed hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and mesenteric lymphadenomegaly. Neoplastic cells were present within the spleen, liver, kidneys, multiple lymph nodes, bone marrow, lung, small intestine, pancreas, and testicle and were composed of large anaplastic round cells in a background of small well-differentiated lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the small well-differentiated lymphocytes labeled for the anti-human T-cell marker, CD3, and the large anaplastic round cells labeled with the anti-human B-cell marker, CD79a. On the basis of the immunohistochemical staining results and morphologic appearance, a diagnosis of a T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma was made.
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PMID:T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma in a ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta). 1155 62

Tumor development and aging can each alter immune competence. The present study aimed to determine the impact of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) presence on immune parameters of middle-aged (averaging 6.5 months) versus aged (averaging 21.3 months) mice. An age-associated decline in the CD4+ cell frequency was seen in freshly isolated spleen and lymph node cells, as well as in cultures stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3. This decline was not further exacerbated by tumor presence. What was prominently inhibited by tumor was the capacity of either splenic or lymph node CD4+ cells to become stimulated to express IFN-gamma. Spleen and lymph node cultures from aged tumor-bearing mice had the lowest frequency of CD4+IFN-gamma+ cells and the least amount of secreted IFN-gamma. CD8+ cells were not affected by aging, but tumor presence reduced the induction of CD8+IFN-gamma+ cells in lymph node cultures. We previously showed that LLC growth stimulates myelopoiesis, as seen by splenomegaly and the mobilization of immune inhibitory CD34+ progenitor cells. Tumor presence in middle-aged mice reduced spleen cell blastogenesis, which was mediated by CD34+ cells. Aged mice had reduced blastogenesis, and this was further reduced by presence of tumor. However, neither the age-associated immune dysfunction nor the tumor-induced immune suppression in aged mice was due to CD34+ progenitor cells. These studies show how tumor presence can further compromise the immune dysfunction that accompanies aging. In addition, they show that aging impacts on the mechanisms by which tumors inhibit T-cell capabilities, with myelopoiesis-associated CD34+ cells mediating the immune depression of middle-aged tumor-bearers and an independent mechanism being responsible for the immune depression in aged tumor-bearing mice.
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PMID:Impact of aging on immune modulation by tumor. 1157 May 85

Forty-six cats with clinical haemobartonellosis were studied; 75 per cent of the cats of known age were two-and-a-half years old or younger, 50 per cent were intact males and 19.5 per cent were castrated males. The predominant signs of the disease were tachypnoea, lethargy, depression, anorexia, infestation with fleas, pale mucous membranes, icterus, emaciation, dehydration, splenomegaly, anaemia, leucocytosis, increased activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and azotaemia. Thirty-eight per cent of the cats that were tested for feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) antigen were positive, and 22 per cent of those tested for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies were positive. The prevalence of both FeLV and FIV was much higher than in the general Israeli cat population. The cats infected with both Haemobartonella felis and FeLV had a significantly lower body temperature, were more anaemic and the mean cell volume of their erythrocytes was greater than in the cats with haemobartonellosis alone.
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PMID:Retrospective study of 46 cases of feline haemobartonellosis in Israel and their relationships with FeLV and FIV infections. 1216 25

2-Biphenylamine (2-aminobiphenyl) is a chemical intermediate used in the manufacture of C.I. Acid Red 15. It is present as a contaminant in 4-biphenylamine (a rubber antioxidant) and in diphenylamine (a dye intermediate, stabilizer for nitrocellulose explosives, and a topical agent for prevention of screwworm infestation in animals). Single-dose, 14-day, and 13-week studies were conducted using technical-grade 2-biphenylamine (2-aminobiphenyl) containing up to 2.5% of the carcinogenic contaminant, 4-biphenylamine. When the contamination was recognized, analytical development was begun to purify the material. The salt, 2-biphenylamine hydrochloride, was prepared to obtain a more pure test product, which contained 0.006%-0.049% 4-biphenylamine. The prechronic tests were completed by the time purification was accomplished, so data from a second 14-day study with 2-biphenylamine hydrochloride were used to help set dose levels for the chronic study. The results of the comparative 14-day studies showed that technical-grade 2-biphenylamine was more toxic to mice than rats than 2-biphenylamine hydrochloride as evidenced by greater incidence of splenomegaly and greater weight gain depression. The technical-grade 2-biphenylamine caused a dose-related decrease in hemoglobin concentration and a dose-related increase in leukocyte count in male and female mice in the 13-week study. Hemosiderosis, congestion, and extramedullary hematopoiesis were present in the spleens of nearly all rats receiving 3,000 ppm or more of the chemical, and in nearly all mice with 1,000 ppm or more 2-biphenylamine in their diets. The chronic study was conducted with the purified 2-biphenylamine hydrochloride by feeding diets containing 1,000 or 3,000 ppm 2-biphenylamine hydrochloride to groups of 49 or 50 F344/N rats and 50 B6C3F1 mice of each sex for 103 weeks. Groups of 50 rats and 50 mice of each sex served as controls. Survival of dosed male and female rats and dosed female mice was comparable with that of the corresponding controls. Survival of high-dose male mice was significantly (P<0.010) less than that of low-dose and control male mice. There were little or no differences in body weight changes for rats or mice between dosed and control groups, although there was a slight decrease in body weight gain at the end of the study for high-dose male (-11%) and female (-8%) rats. Inflammatory cells and interstitial fibrosis were found in increased incidence in the kidneys of dosed male rats as compared with controls and were considered to be compound related. In addition to the increase in renal inflammation and fibrosis, dosed male rats had more focal cellular changes of the liver than did the controls. There were no increased or decreased incidences of tumors in rats that could be associated with chemical administration. Myelomonocytic leukemia in male rats (control, 14/50; low-dose, 1/50; high-dose, 4/50) and fibroadenomas of the mammary gland in female rats (22/50, 10/49, 9/50) occurred with significantly (P<0.03) decreasing trends and the incidences in the dosed groups were significantly (P<0.02) lower than that in the controls. There were no increased or decreased incidences of tumors in rats that could be associated with chemical administration. Hemangiosarcomas from all sites occurred in female mice with a statistically significant (P</=0.002) positive trend. The observed incidence of hemangiosarcomas was 0/49, 1/50, and 7/50 in the control, low-dose, and high-dose groups, respectively. The incidence in the high-dose group was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that in controls. The conclusion that this was due to 2-biphenylamine rather than the contaminant, 4-biphenylamine, is supported by the absence of urinary bladder tumors, which are common to 4-biphenylamine. Hemangiosarcomas also occurred in male mice with a statistically significant positive trend (P=0.040 by a life table test), with incidences of 0/50, 2/50, and 3/50. None of the pairwise comparisons were statistically different. The development of hemangiosarcomas may have been curtailedment of hemangiosarcomas may have been curtailed in the high-dose group of male mice, since only 21/50 survived until the termination of the study. The hemangiosarcomas found in female mice are uncommon with only 6/816 (0.7&percnt;) previously seen in controls at the same laboratory. The rate for control male mice is equally low: 7/803 (0.9&percnt;). Alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas of the lung occurred at a significantly (P&lt;0.01) decreased rate in male mice with an incidence in dose groups lower (P&lt;0.05) than that in controls. Under the conditions of the bioassay, 2-biphenylamine hydrochloride was not carcinogenic for F344/N rats of either sex. 2-Biphenylamine hydrochloride was carcinogenic for B6C3F1 female mice, inducing hemangiosarcomas at various sites. The evidence for an association between the administration of 2-biphenylamine hydrochloride and the increased incidence of hemangiosarcomas in male mice was equivocal. Levels of Evidence of Carcinogenicity: Male Rats: Negative Female Rats: Negative Male Mice: Equivocal Female Mice: Positive
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PMID:Carcinogenesis Bioassay of 2-Biphenylamine Hydrochloride (CAS No. 2185-92-4) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Study). 1277 3

The overall goal of this study was to analyze the effect and mechanism of radiation in combination with vaccinia viruses (VV) carrying the p53 gene against glioma. Comparison of two alternative treatments of cultured C6 (p53(+)) and 9L (p53(-)) rat glioma cells showed significantly reduced survival for both cell lines, especially 9L, when radiation was applied prior to virus versus radiation alone. High p53 protein expression mediated by VV-TK-p53 was measured in infected cells. Single modality treatment of C6 cells with psoralen and UV (PUV)-inactivated VV-TK-p53 (PUV-VV-TK-53) or radiation significantly decreased survival compared with PUV-inactivated L-15 (PUV-L-15) control virus. However, no difference was observed between radiation and combination treatments of C6 cells. In contrast, radiation followed by PUV-VV-TK-53 resulted in dramatic reduction of 9L cell viability, compared to single modality treatment. Flow cytometry analysis of Annexin-V-stained 9L cells showed that radiation and PUV-VV-TK-53 caused a significant decrease in live cells (17.2%) as compared to other treatments and control (61.6-98.3%). Apoptosis was observed in 37.2% of cells, while the range was 0.7-7.8% in other treatment groups; maximal p53 level was measured on day 7 post-infection. In athymic mice bearing C6 tumors, VV-TK-53 plus radiation in both single and multiple therapies resulted in significantly smaller tumors by day 30 compared to the agents given only once. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor sections demonstrated p53 protein expression over 20 days after VV-TK-53 treatment. Analysis of blood and spleen cells of mice given multiple combination treatments showed significant splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and increased DNA synthesis and response to mitogen. Multiple combination treatments were also associated with significantly elevated natural killer and B cells in the spleen. There were no overt toxicities, although depression in red blood cell and thrombocyte parameters was noted. Collectively, the data demonstrate that radiation significantly improves the efficacy of VV-mediated tumor suppressor p53 therapy and may be a promising strategy for glioma treatment. Furthermore, the results support the conclusion that the mechanisms underlying the enhanced anti-tumor effect of combination treatment include apoptosis/necrosis and upregulation of innate immune defenses.
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PMID:Radiation enhances the anti-tumor effects of vaccinia-p53 gene therapy in glioma. 1277 53

Four 5 mo old captive raised coyotes (Canis latrans) were experimentally inoculated with approximately 1 x 10(6) Babesia gibsoni organisms. Parasites were detected 1 wk post-inoculation in all coyotes with maximum parasitemia of 8-11% occurring at 34 wk. Parasitemias remained at or above 1% for at least 12 wk and were still detectable 20 wk post-inoculation. All experimentally infected coyotes developed pale mucous membranes, splenomegaly, and a positive heme reaction in urine while one coyote exhibited mild depression and inappetence. Infected coyotes also developed a regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. The mild clinical signs coupled with the high level and long duration of parasitemia indicate that coyotes could serve as reservoirs for B. gibsoni. Entrance of this foreign parasite into the United States suggests the need for strict quarantines and thorough health and blood film examinations for imported animals.
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PMID:Experimental Babesia gibsoni infection in coyotes (Canis latrans). 1473 88

A 13-year-old neutered male Jack Russell Terrier (Parson Russell Terrier) was presented to the Texas Veterinary Medical Center with a history of lethargy, depression, vomiting, and fever. The dog had mildly regenerative anemia, severe thrombocytopenia and low antithrombin activity. Marked splenomegaly was found on physical examination and imaging studies, and malignant round cell neoplasia and marked extramedullary hematopoiesis were diagnosed on aspirates of the spleen. The dog underwent exploratory laporatomy and splenectomy. Because of a rapid decline in clinical condition postsurgery, the dog was euthanized. Splenic and hepatic biopsies were submitted for histopathologic evaluation. A neoplastic population of round cells was found throughout the splenic parenchyma and within hepatic sinusoids. The neoplastic cells stained strongly positive for CD3 (T-cell marker) and were negative for CD79a (B-cell marker) and lysozyme (histiocytic marker). A diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma was confirmed by assessment of T-cell clonality using canine-specific polymerase chain reaction-based techniques. Although expression of the gammadelta T-cell receptor was not evaluated, this case shares many similarities with a rare syndrome in humans known as hepatosplenic gammadelta T-cell lymphoma.
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PMID:Morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular characterization of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma in a dog. 1519 70

A 5-month-old, female, mongrel dog was admitted to the Clinic of Companion Animal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, with depression, anorexia, fever, peripheral lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, oculonasal discharge, nonregenerative anemia, and mild thrombocytopenia. Cytology of Giemsa-stained buffy coat, bone marrow, and lymph node aspiration smears revealed numerous morulae in mononuclear leukocytes and in neutrophils, and Hepatozoon canis gamonts in neutrophils. The dog was seropositive to Ehrlichia canis (immunofluorescence assay [IFA]) and Hepatozoon canis (ELISA) but not to Anaplasma phagocytophilum (IFA). A nested polymerase chain reaction performed on bone marrow aspirates was positive for E canis. This method was not applied for the detection of A phagocytophilum. Treatment with doxycycline and imidocarb dipropionate resulted in both clinical and parasitologic cure. This is the first reported case of a mixed infection with E canis, H canis, and presumptive A phagocytophilum. The findings emphasize the value of cytology in offering a quick and inexpensive diagnosis in mixed tick-borne infections of dogs.
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PMID:Mixed Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis, and presumptive Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a dog. 1557 May 64


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