Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infection of susceptible strains of mice with Friend leukemia virus (FLV) results in a profound depression of cell-mediated immunity as assessed by lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. This depression occurs early in the disease, before the onset of splenomegaly, and is associated with a decline in the susceptibility of splenocytes from FLV-infected mice to lysis by anti-Thy-1. 2 serum and complement. Treatment of splenocytes from FLV-infected mice with neuraminidase restores, in large part, their susceptibility to anti-Thy-1.2 serum as well as their cytolytic capacity. These studies suggest that one early immunosuppressive consequence of infection with FLV involves alteration of the effector T-lymphocyte cell surface.
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PMID:Friend virus-induced immunodepression: effect of neuraminidase treatment on Thy-1.2 antigen expression and cytotoxic potential of splenocytes from virus-infected mice. 30 16

Hyperviscosity syndrome was associated with increased plasma content of monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgA or IgM) in 3 dogs with lymphocytic leukemia. The diagnosis of lymphocytic leukemia was based on the finding of a large number of mature lymphocytes in the blood and bone marrow. The clinical signs included weakness, lethargy, depression, and coughing due to congestive heart failure. Consistent physical findings were splenomegaly, with or without peripheral lymphadenopathy, and funduscopic abnormalities. Of the 2 dogs treated successfully with chlorambucil, 1 remains in remission after withdrawal of the drug for over 1 year.
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PMID:Hyperviscosity syndrome associated with lymphocytic leukemia in three dogs. 40 53

Chronic protein-deficiency in weanling mice caused variable suppression of the humoral plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to sheep erythrocytes. This was most prominent at high antigen doses and did not increase when mice were maintained on the diets for longer periods. Antibody responses produced by deficient mice were often short-lived and involved high levels of IgM. Total PFC counts were depressed slightly more than were circulating antibodies. Antibody responses to Brucella abortus were slightly decreased by protein-deficiency at high antigen doses but were normal or elevated at lower doses, the proportion of IgM produced was increased and the splenomegaly response to B. abortus was severely depressed. These results suggest that the depression of antibody production by protein-deficiency is not simply due to an impairment of helper T cell function, but a reduction in the availability or effectiveness of macrophage and regulatory or suppressor T cells may be important.
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PMID:Factors determining the effects of chronic protein-deficiency on antibody responses to sheep red blood cells and Brucella abortus vaccine in mice. 40 85

A case of upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage secondary to esophageal varices in a patient with Felty's syndrome prompted a review of the pathogenesis and treatment of this condition. Six previously reported cases of this association were found. The clinical picture is that of long-standing rheumatoid arthritis with severe articular and extraarticular manifestations including splenomegaly, depression of the blood elements, mild liver function abnormalities, portal hypertension without cirrhosis or portal vein obstruction, an elevated splenic blood flow, and a reduction in portal hypertension by simple splenectomy. The presence of portal hypertension with varices may be another indication of splenectomy in patients with Felty's syndrome.
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PMID:Esophageal varices in Felty's syndrome: A case report and review of the literature. 108 37

The number and distribution patterns of lymphocytes in the spleens and lymph nodes of Balb/c mice which express immunoglobulin surface receptors were studied in terms of the effects of a murine leukemia virus on the immune-response mechanism. Friend leukemia virus induces a prompt, marked depression of the immune response of mice to antigens such as sheep erythrocytes and E. coli LPS. A functioning T- and B-lymphocyte system is necessary for the response to the SRBC's whereas E. coli LPS, a T cell-independent antigen, stimulates B cells alone. Although the responses to both classes of antigen were markedly depressed in FLV-infected mice, the major defect appeared to be impairment of B-cell function, at least early in the course of infection. In order to examine in more detail the mechanism of interaction between FLV and lymphoid cells with Ig surface receptors, presumably B cells, immmunofluorescent analyses were performed with spleen, and lymph node cells from FLV-infected mice. Within a few days after infection there was a marked decrease in the percentage of spleen cells with Ig surface molecules, although the absolute number of these cells was either unchanged or increased due to marked splenomegaly caused by the virus. A marked decrease in the percentage of splenocytes with theta antigen, considered a marker for mature T cells, also was evident in infected mice. The number of spleen cells showing evidence of FLV infection (i.e., positive for FLV-associated antigens) increased rapidly during the first few days after infection, and within 2 to 2 1/2 weeks nearly all of the nucleated splenocytes were positive for the tumor antigen. In contrast to the results for spleen cells, there were increases rather than decreases in the percentages of Ig-positive and theta-positive cells in the lymph nodes after infection. The number of lymph-node cells that showed the presence of FLV antigen was much lower than in the spleen, and their appearance was also much slower as the leukemic process progressed. Despite these differences between spleen and lymph-node cells in terms of relative percentages of Ig- and theta-positive lymphocytes, relatively similar depressions were evident for the percentages of lymphoid cells that could redistribute their surface Ig receptors into polar caps when incubated with anti-Ig serum at 37 C. Marked impairment of the Ig-capping responses for both spleen and lymph-node cells paralleled the course of infection and development of immunosuppression. These observations indicate that murine leukemia virus infection can both alter the responsiveness of immunocompetent cells to T-dependent and independent antigens and depress the number and normal functional activity of these cells, as reflected by altered surface Ig receptors and antigens.
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PMID:Lymphocyte surface receptors and leukemia virus-induced immunosuppression. 109 86

In experiments designed to examine the adverse effects of chronic liposome administration in vivo on the mononuclear phagocyte system (reticuloendothelial system), the presence of drug entrapped in the liposomes may increase the level of reticuloendothelial impairment. We have compared the effects on the mononuclear phagocyte system in mice of chronic administration of empty liposomes with the effects of liposomes containing the anti-leishmanial drug meglumine antimoniate. We have also examined the effect on the mononuclear phagocyte system of continued injections of liposomes containing lipid A, a component of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, which is responsible for macrophage activation. Ten intravenous injections of multilamellar liposomes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and cholesterol (1:0.75 M ratio) were given to ICR mice over a 25-day period. Two individual groups of mice received endotoxin-free liposomes in which meglumine antimoniate was either present or absent. One addition group received liposomes containing lipid A derived from Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. A control group received sterile saline injections. In each group, a depression of the phagocytic index, as measured by reduction of uptake of particulate carbon, was observed among some of the individual animals 24 h after the first injection. In many mice a marked splenomegaly was observed. A depressed phagocytic index and splenomegaly were most marked for mice receiving lipid A liposomes. However, there was a large individual variability among mice receiving these preparations and some mice in each group had normal spleen size and a nearly normal phagocytic index. Tissue distribution of liposomes containing [14C]dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine as a phospholipid marker was examined in all groups in mice 24 h after the last injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects on the murine mononuclear phagocyte system of chronic administration of liposomes containing cytotoxic drug or lipid A compared with empty liposomes. 243 31

Adherent suppressor cells have often been implicated in the depression of immunocompetence following CMV infections. We have reported that high levels of cytostatic macrophages in the peritoneal cavities of infected mice correlate with genetically-based sensitivity to CMV disease, suggesting they may modulate protective immune responses. This study investigates the properties and kinetics of such cells. Genetically-susceptible BALB/c mice infected with MCMV accumulated activated peritoneal macrophages, 7 days post-infection. These cells suppressed 3H-thymidine-incorporation and lymphokine production in syngeneic lymphocyte cultures and hence appeared to have depressed accessory cell function, although interleukin-1 production and the capacity to take up colloidal gold were enhanced. The cytostatic activity was located in a low density fraction (1.05 g/ml), which was expanded by MCMV infection. The lowest density cells had higher frequencies of infection but the proportion of cells releasing virus (less than 0.2%) was below the proportion activated, as shown by the shift in the density profile or enhanced colloidal gold uptake. A comparable accumulation of cytostatic activated peritoneal macrophages occurred in mice treated with cyclosporine A, but nude mice showed macrophage activation without cytostasis, so the role of T cells is not resolved. The spleens of infected mice maintaining high levels of virus in this organ atrophied, and the remaining cells were unable to proliferate in culture. In contrast, mice clearing the virus developed splenomegaly and restricted responsiveness, which may be governed by cytostatic cells equivalent to those in the peritoneal cavity. The spread of virus to the lymph nodes was limited and MCMV-primed cells were readily demonstrable.
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PMID:The inflammatory macrophage response to murine cytomegalovirus in genetically susceptible mice. 254 59

The efficacy of a leukemia cell transplant model to measure potential chemotherapeutic activity was tested with five different chemicals that had previously been evaluated in 2-year studies. Leukemic spleen cells from Fischer rats were injected subcutaneously into syngeneic recipients and the effects of chemical treatment on tumor progression were evaluated at 70 days post-transplant. The data from the short-term assay were in all cases correlated with the trends reported for mononuclear cell leukemia in 2-year studies, where two chemicals were reported to decrease the incidence and three chemicals were reported to increase the incidence of leukemia. Short-term treatment with the two chemicals which caused negative trends for leukemia (2-ethoxyethanol or ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; 4-hexylresorcinol) delayed and/or reduced tumor growth in the transplant model in a dose-related fashion, as exhibited by reduction or elimination of splenomegaly and leukoblastosis, and a reversal in the depression of red blood cell indices or platelet counts. By contrast, the rate of tumor progression was increased in the short-term assay of the three chemicals which previously caused increased trends for leukemia in 2-year studies (pyridine; 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, dichlorvos). The severity of the mononuclear cell leukemia in the transplant recipients, as measured by histopathological examination of spleen and liver, was correlated with the changes in tumor growth rates. The in vivo leukemia transplant model is a short-term assay that could be used to screen a variety of potential chemotherapeutic agents, or to study structure-activity relationships within one class of chemicals.
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PMID:Development and validation of a cellular transplant model for leukemia in Fischer rats: a short-term assay for potential anti-leukemic chemicals. 279 89

B6-lpr/lpr mice develop massive T cell lymphoproliferation, as associated with autoimmune disease. We found a reduced NK activity in the spleen of B6-lpr/lpr mice. Neonatal thymectomy markedly retarded the development of lymphoproliferation and the development of autoantibodies in the B6-lpr/lpr mice. These animals had a higher level of NK activity in the spleen. When the neonatally thymectomized B6-lpr/lpr mice were given anti-asialo GM1 serum (30 microliter) four times at 6-day intervals, initiated at the 8th-10th postnatal week, these mice developed lymphoproliferative disorders and splenomegaly, concomitantly with depression of NK activity. It is therefore tempting to speculate that NK cells are involved in the regulation of the occurrence of lymphoproliferative disorders.
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PMID:Does depression of NK activity cause lymphadenopathy in lpr mice? 326 41

To evaluate nutritional availability and chronic toxicity of KSeCN, female postweanling rats were fed casein-based diets plus 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg Se/kg as KSeCN for 6 wk, or 0.1, 0.5 and 10 mg Se/kg as Na2SeO3. A control group was fed the basal diet (Se = 0.04 mg/kg) and one group was fed the basal diet plus 5 mg Se/L as KSeCN in the drinking water. There were no differences in weight gain and diet consumption among groups fed 2.5 mg Se/kg or less. At 5 and 10 mg Se/kg, rats showed depression in weight gain and diet consumption. After wk 6 there were no abnormalities of the major organs of rats fed 2.5 mg Se/kg or less. Spleen enlargement was observed at 5 and 10 mg Se/kg, and liver damage and kidney enlargement at 10 mg Se/kg. Se content in the blood, liver and kidney of rats fed KSeCN was generally somewhat lower than for those fed Na2SeO3 at the same levels. The availability of Se from KSeCN for glutathione peroxidase formation in blood, liver and kidney was comparable to that of Na2SeO3. Plasma thyroxine in groups fed 10 mg Se/kg was 40% of that in the control group, but was not altered at lower Se levels.
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PMID:Nutritional availability and chronic toxicity of selenocyanate in the rat. 337 36


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