Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed in an eight-year-old neutered male cat. The predominant presenting complaint was dysphagia. Other historical signs included lethargy, weight loss, polydipsia, polyuria, muscle weakness and occasional vomiting. The signs had waxed and waned over the two months before presentation and had improved when the cat was treated with enrofloxacin and prednisolone by the referring veterinarian. On referral, dehydration, depression and poor bodily condition were found on physical examination. Results of initial laboratory tests revealed mild anaemia, hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia and elevations in serum creatinine and creatine kinase. The diagnosis of primary adrenocortical insufficiency was established on the basis of results of an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test and endogenous plasma ACTH determination. Initial therapy for hypoadrenocorticism included intravenous administration of 0.9 per cent saline and dexamethasone, and oral fludrocortisone acetate. Within one week the cat was clinically normal and two years later was still alive and well on fludrocortisone acetate treatment only.
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PMID:Hypoadrenocorticism in a cat. 1132 66

A 13-yr-old ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) was evaluated for depression, anorexia, polyuria, and polydipsia. The lemur was in poor body condition and was anemic, hypoalbuminemic, and hyponatremic. Cytologic examination of aspirates of the spleen, liver, and bone marrow and histopathologic examination of liver and bone marrow biopsies revealed a disseminated round cell tumor. After euthanasia, necropsy revealed hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and mesenteric lymphadenomegaly. Neoplastic cells were present within the spleen, liver, kidneys, multiple lymph nodes, bone marrow, lung, small intestine, pancreas, and testicle and were composed of large anaplastic round cells in a background of small well-differentiated lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the small well-differentiated lymphocytes labeled for the anti-human T-cell marker, CD3, and the large anaplastic round cells labeled with the anti-human B-cell marker, CD79a. On the basis of the immunohistochemical staining results and morphologic appearance, a diagnosis of a T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma was made.
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PMID:T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma in a ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta). 1155 62

A 5-month-old, male, Shih Tzu dog manifesting polyuria and polydipsia since 2-month-old was presented to our hospital with additional clinical complaints of vomiting and depression during recent a few days. Despite the symptomatic therapy for chronic renal failure, he died on the day after medication. Macroscopically, both kidneys were small in size with rough surface. Microscopical examination revealed bilateral renal fibrosis with dysplastic changes consisting of immature glomeruli and tubules, and foci of adenomatoid proliferation of tubular epithelium. In addition, incomplete lobulation of medulla with pelvic structures was also noticed in the right kidney. From these findings, the present case was diagnosed as renal dysplasia in Shih Tzu dog which was documented in the literatures.
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PMID:Renal dysplasia in a Shih Tzu dog in Japan. 1171 30

A 9-year-old, spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented for polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria following chronic methylprednisolone acetate therapy for pruritus. Initial diagnostics were consistent with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus. Serum calcium was within reference range. Within 12 hours the cat developed depression, anorexia, vomiting, and severe dehydration. Laboratory analysis indicated marked hypercalcemia as measured by both ionized and total calcium concentration. No underlying neoplastic or inflammatory process was identified. An adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test was indicative of adrenocortical insufficiency. The hypercalcemia resolved with glucocorticoid supplementation and correction of the dehydration. The diabetes mellitus and adrenal insufficiency both resolved within 9 weeks.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia due to latrogenic secondary hypoadrenocorticism and diabetes mellitus in a cat. 1180 13

This study evaluates the analytical performance characteristics of freezing point depression osmolality in urine and osmolality as a suitable analytical indicator for determining the concentration of urine specimens submitted for workplace drug testing. Specifically, this study attempted to determine the utility of urine osmolality to serve as an indicator of substitution as defined by HHS/SAMHSA criteria. Urine osmolality was validated by determining the accuracy, precision, analytical sensitivity, reportable range, and reference interval for the method. Osmolality was measured in workplace urine specimens (n = 66) with creatinine concentrations < or = 5.0 mg/dL. Comparing the results with the lower limit of the random urine reference intervals for specific gravity (1.002) and osmolality (50 mOsm/kg), 62% had specific gravities < or = 1.001, 52% had osmolalities < 50 mOsm/kg, and 47% had both a creatinine < or = 5.0 mg/dL, specific gravity < or = 1.001 and an osmolality < 50 mOsm/kg. Urine specimens (n = 311) were collected from 35 volunteers enrolled in a controlled water loading study in which at least 80 oz (2370 mL) of fluid was ingested over a 6-h period. The lowest achieved osmolality was 28 mOsm/kg. Polyuria disorders have produced abnormally low urine osmolalities (lowest reported 18 mOsm/kg) but osmolalities < or = 23 mOsm/kg have resulted in death from water intoxication. An osmolality substitution cut-off to delineate a specimen as inconsistent with normal human urine can be set at some value < 50 mOsm/kg, when used in a population of individuals with urine creatinine concentrations < or = 5.0 mg/dL.
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PMID:Evaluation of freezing point depression osmolality for classifying random urine specimens defined as substituted under HHS/DOT criteria. 1242 96

We report the case of a 53 year old patient who was admitted with polyuria, polydipsia associated with fatigue, depression and sexual dysfunction. Central diabetes insipidus with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism was diagnosed by a water restriction test and different static and dynamic hormonal dosages. Nodular thickening of the pituitary stalk was noted on the MRI and the biopsy permitted a histological diagnosis of infundibulitis.
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PMID:[Infundibulitis, an unusual case of central diabetes insipidus]. 1252 40

We sought to determine whether mirtazapine is safe and well-tolerated as a treatment for essential tremor (ET). We studied mirtazapine in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of 17 ET patients. Patients were started with 15 mg per day of either mirtazapine or placebo for 1 week and the dose was escalated weekly until the targeted dose of 45 mg per day was achieved. This dose was maintained for 2 weeks. Tremor was assessed at baseline and after 14 days of 45 mg of mirtazapine or placebo. There was a minimum washout period of 14 days between the two arms of the study. Tremor assessments included global improvement, Fahn Tolosa Marin Tremor Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39. Patient global improvement ratings indicated that in the placebo condition 12 patients were unchanged and 1 patient was mildly improved. In the mirtazapine condition, 10 patients were unchanged, 2 were moderately improved and 1 was markedly improved. There was no significant improvement with mirtazapine or placebo compared to baseline as measured by the Tremor Rating Scale. Adverse effects were more common in the mirtazapine group and included drowsiness, confusion, dry mouth, weight gain, polyuria, itching, nausea, gait and balance problems, blurred vision, and bad taste. We conclude that the majority of the ET patients do not benefit from mirtazapine. Mirtazapine has significant adverse effects and should be used cautiously in ET patients.
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PMID:Mirtazapine in essential tremor: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. 1272 74

Renal impairment is common in preterm infants, often after exposure to hypoxia/asphyxia or other circulatory disturbances. We examined the hypothesis that this association is mediated by reduced renal blood flow (RBF), using a model of asphyxia induced by complete umbilical cord occlusion for 25 min (n = 13) or sham occlusion (n = 6) in chronically instrumented preterm fetal sheep (104 days, term is 147 days). During asphyxia there was a significant fall in RBF and urine output (UO). After asphyxia, RBF transiently recovered, followed within 30 min by a secondary period of hypoperfusion (P < 0.05). This was mediated by increased renal vascular resistance (RVR, P < 0.05); arterial blood pressure was mildly increased in the first 24 h (P < 0.05). RBF relatively normalized between 3 and 24 h, but hypoperfusion developed again from 24 to 60 h (P < 0.05, analysis of covariance). UO significantly increased to a peak of 249% of baseline between 3 and 12 h (P < 0.05), with increased fractional excretion of sodium, peak 10.5 +/- 1.4 vs. 2.6 +/- 0.6% (P < 0.001). Creatinine clearance returned to normal after 2 h; there was a transient reduction at 48 h to 0.32 +/- 0.02 ml.min(-1).g(-1) (vs. 0.45 +/- 0.04, P < 0.05) corresponding with the time of maximal depression of RBF. No renal injury was seen on histological examination at 72 h. In conclusion, severe asphyxia in the preterm fetus was associated with evolving renal tubular dysfunction, as shown by transient polyuria and natriuresis. Despite a prolonged increase in RVR, there was only a modest effect on glomerular function.
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PMID:Polyuria and impaired renal blood flow after asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep. 1460 46

Urinary incontinence can be a symptom of a variety of reversible conditions. Common and reversible causes of urinary incontinence include polyuria, exposure to irritants (including concentrated urine), infection, urinary retention, use of pharmaceuticals, stool impaction or constipation, atrophic urethritis or vaginitis, restricted mobility or dexterity, psychological conditions, and delirium or acute confused state. Healthcare professionals can use existing assessment strategies, tools, and parameters to guide decisions and treatment options to manage these conditions. First-line assessment tools are reviewed, including the use of a voiding and bowel diary, simple dipstick urinalysis, catheterization for post-void residual, the Folstein Mini Mental Status evaluation, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Guidelines for estimating normal ranges of urine output, the influence of irritants, the risk of incontinence caused by stool impaction, and urinary retention are discussed. Primary care providers are well positioned to rule out or treat many of the reversible causes of urinary incontinence using simple assessment tools and pragmatic guidelines.
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PMID:Identifying and treating reversible causes of urinary incontinence. 1471 8

A 3-year-old Thoroughbred filly was referred to the Equine Hospital, Korea Racing Association for evaluation of hematuria, inappetite, weight loss and depression. From 25 days prior to admission, the horse was treated for right carpal lameness with 20 mg intramuscular administration of triamcinolone acetonide per day for consecutive 10 days by a local veterinarian. Clinical and laboratory findings included vaginal hyperemia, flare in bladder wall, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, polyuria, polydipsia and laminitis in the end. High activities of aspartate transaminase and gamma glutamyltransferase and high concentration of total bilirubin indicated hepatopathy. Further hematology, serum biochemistry and urinalysis did not reveal any abnormalities. Medical history, physical and clinicopathologic findings suggest that the laminitis and hepatopathy in this horse were most likely induced by repeated administration of exogenous corticosteroid. However, guarded prognosis of treating laminitis undermined the benefit of improvement of hematuria following electroacupuncture stimulation. The combined stimulation of kidney related acupoints (Shen Peng, Shen Shu), lumber related acupoints (Yao Qian, Yao Zhong) and associate acupoints (Guan Yuan Shu, Bai Hui) at 5Hz, 1-2V, for 40 minutes was of value in the treatment of hematuria. This case shows that horses under steroids may exhibit laminitis and steroid hepatopathy. Early recognition and good management of laminitis are important in the limitation of complications.
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PMID:Glucocorticoid-induced laminitis with hepatopathy in a Thoroughbred filly. 1536 45


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