Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Saimiriine herpesvirus 1 (SaHV-1), an alphaherpesvirus enzootic in squirrel monkeys, is genetically related to monkey B virus and human herpes simplex virus (HSV). To study the temporal progression of viral spread and associated lesions, Balb/c mice were inoculated epidermally by scarification with a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing recombinant strain of SaHV-1 and killed sequentially. Pinpoint ulcerative lesions in the inoculated epidermis progressed over a few days to unilateral or bilateral hindlimb paresis or paralysis, urinary and faecal incontinence, abdominal distension, hunched posture and eventual depression warranting euthanasia. Viral replication was present within epidermal keratinocytes, neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and thoracolumbar spinal cord, regional autonomic ganglia, lower urinary tract epithelium and colonic myenteric plexuses, as indicated by histological lesions and GFP expression. Almost all mice inoculated with 10(5) or 10(6) plaque-forming units (PFU) of SaHV-1 developed rapidly progressive disease. Two of eight mice given 10(4)PFU developed disease, but no mice receiving less than 10(4)PFU gave evidence of infection. Mice that showed no clinical signs also failed to develop an antiviral IgG response, indicating absence of active viral infection. For SaHV-1 inoculated epidermally, the ID(50), CNSD(50) and LD(50) values were identical (10(4.38)), indicating that successful infection by this route invariably resulted in lethal CNS (central nervous system) disease. Consistently severe disease in all infected animals, with regionally extensive distribution of viral replication, constituted a marked difference from the disease produced by intramuscular inoculation.
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PMID:Temporal progression of viral replication and gross and histological lesions in Balb/c mice inoculated epidermally with Saimiriine herpesvirus 1 (SaHV-1). 1596 89

The toxicological evaluation of the plant Calycopteris floribunda Lam. was done in calf, rabbit and rat. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins. Morbidity and mortality was observed in methanol extract-treated rats and rabbits. In rabbits (25 g/kg/day) and calves (35 g/kg/day) fed fresh leaves showed morbidity and mortality with premonitory clinical signs like depression, downer status, polyuria and characteristic forelimb paresis (seen only in rabbits). The serum urea, alanine-amino transferase, glucose and total cholesterol concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) increased compared to control values. Necropsy of calves revealed the congestion of liver, lung and petechiae on epicardium. The present study indicated the toxic nature of the plant in calf, rabbit and rat.
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PMID:Toxicity studies of Calycopteris floribunda Lam. in calf, rabbit and rat. 1667 87

Multifocal haemorrhages associated with Angiostrongylus vasorum infection were observed in the central nervous system of four dogs with neurological signs including depression, seizures, spinal pain and paresis. In magnetic resonance images the majority of the lesions were isointense or slightly hyperintense in T1-weighted images, hyperintense in T2-weighted images and hypointense in T2*-weighted (gradient echo) images, compatible with haemorrhages more than seven days old. Lesions were found in the brain of three of the dogs and in the spinal cord of two. The cerebrospinal fluid contained high concentrations of protein and evidence of erythrophagia. All the dogs had coagulopathy and pulmonary haemorrhage of varying severity. A vasorum larvae were detected in the faeces of each of the dogs. Neural A vasorum was confirmed at postmortem examination in two dogs.
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PMID:Brain and spinal cord haemorrhages associated with Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in four dogs. 1682 6

This investigation assessed the susceptibility of experimentally infected pigeons to the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 that caused recent outbreaks of avian influenza in birds and humans in several countries of Asia. For this purpose 14 pigeons were infected ocularly and nasally with 10(8) EID50 and clinical signs were recorded and compared with five chickens infected simultaneously as positive controls. The chickens demonstrated anorexia, depression, and 100% mortality within 2 days postinoculation. Three of the pigeons died after a history of depression and severe neurological signs consisting of paresis to paralysis, mild enteric hemorrhage, resulting in a mortality of 21%. Gross lesions in these pigeons were mild and inconsistent. Occasionally subcutaneous hyperemia and hemorrhage and cerebral malacia were observed. Microscopic lesions and detection of viral antigen were confined to the central nervous system of these pigeons. In the cerebrum and to a minor extent in the brain stem a lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalitis with disseminated neuronal and glial cell necrosis, perivascular cuffing, glial nodules, and in one bird focally extensive liquefactive necrosis could be observed. The remaining nine pigeons showed neither clinical signs nor gross or histological lesions associated with avian influenza, although seroconversion against H5 indicated that they had been infected. These results confirm that pigeons are susceptible to HPAIV A/chicken/Indonesia/2003 (H5N1) and that the disease is associated with the neurotropism of this virus. Although sentinel chickens and most pigeons did not develop disease, further experiments have to elucidate whether or not Columbiformes are involved in transmission and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza.
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PMID:Neurotropism of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/chicken/Indonesia/2003 (H5N1) in experimentally infected pigeons (Columbia livia f. domestica). 1684 88

Pain and fatigue are two often overlooked symptoms after stroke. Their prevalence and determinants are not well understood. In this study patients with first-ever stroke (n=377) were examined at baseline and after 1 year. General characteristics of the patients, as well as stroke type, stroke severity and risk factors were registered at baseline. After 1 year survivors (n=253) were examined with respect to residual impairment, disability, cognition and depression. They were asked whether they had experienced pain and/or fatigue which had started after the stroke, and which the patient felt to be stroke related. Twenty-eight patients (11%) had stroke-associated pain and 135 (53%) had stroke-associated fatigue. Pain was associated with depression and different manifestations of stroke severity, especially degree of paresis at baseline. Fatigue was more associated with physical disability. In univariate analysis, fatigue was also associated with sleep disturbances. In conclusion, it is important to be aware of the occurrence of pain and fatigue after stroke, because these symptoms are common, they impair quality of life and they are potentially treatable. Post-stroke depression may coexist with pain and fatigue. The detection of one symptom should lead to consideration of the others. Follow-up and individual assessment of stroke patients is crucial.
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PMID:Prevalence and predictors of pain and fatigue after stroke: a population-based study. 1710 51

Fatigue or piercing feeling of weakness, lack of strength and energy or total exhaustion is a common complaint of patients with neurological disorders. From 40 to over 90 per cent of individuals with multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neuroboreliosis, post polio syndrome or stroke confirm its experience. It is not infrequently numbered among most disabling complaints. A separate entity, with fatigue as a cardinal sign, is a chronic fatigue syndrome, a disorder, though controversial, more and more frequently diagnosed. Fatigue ought to be discriminated from fatigability, paresis, somnolence and, first of all depression which commonly coexists in chronic disorders. The assessment is almost entirely based on self-estimate scales filled in by a patient. Attainable results of neuroimaging, electrophysiological, polisomnographic, vegetative, psychological and biochemical surveys have not allowed yet to define the pathogenesis of fatigue. The treatment basis consists of behavioral therapy, psychotherapy and a proper treatment of the basic disease.
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PMID:[The problem of fatigue in neurological disorders]. 1733 30

A 12-year-old, male black and white colobus monkey (Colobus guereza kikuyuensis) from a small community zoo presented with a 6-month history of mild, slowly progressive ataxia and paresis culminating in an acute episode of recumbency, depression, and seizures. The animal was humanely euthanatized. Gross post-mortem examination revealed significant abnormalities including diffuse pallor of the carcass and a firm, pale, 8-cm diameter mass, adherent to the serosa of the proximal duodenum and colon, and embedded within the pancreas and mesenteric root. Histologically, the mass had characteristics of a neuroendocrine or endocrine tumor. Immunohistochemical stains for chromogranin, synaptophysin, insulin, and glucagon were positive, confirming the diagnosis of a mixed pancreatic islet cell tumor. These tumors are rare in all species except ferrets and unreported previously in colobus monkeys.
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PMID:Spontaneous pancreatic islet cell tumor in a black and white colobus monkey (Colobus guereza kikuyuensis). 1826 22

Using a biopsychosocial model of chronic radicular pain, we conducted a prospective study on the predictability of the therapy outcome in 41 lumbar disc patients from the Department of Neurology, University of Kiel. Before therapy, all patients had an extensive neurological and psychological examination. The criteria for the therapy outcome werepersistent pain and theduration of hospital stay in days. As for the psychological predictors, we examined the amount of depression as a state variable (Beck Depression Inventory BDI), depression as a trait variable (Giessen test), several paincoping modes (Hoppe scale) and the general health locus of control. As somatic predictors, we assessed the duration of pain before treatment, the number of previous operations, motoric paresis and the patient's age. The results indicated that the BDI was the best predictor of persistent pain and of the duration of hospital stay as well. The sensitivity and specificity were more than 90%. Patients with a BDI score >9 remained 8 days longer in the hospital than patients with lower BDI scores. In contrast to this, depression as a personality dimension allowed no correct prediction of patients with persistent pain. Thus, only the situational aspect of a depressive state is a relevant risk factor for chronicity. Overt pain behavior, avoidance behavior and fatalistic control expectations are the best predictors of persistent pain besides the BDI. Patients with persistent pain when discharged from the hospital had significantly more overt pain behavior preoperatively than patients without pain. They admitted that they changed their posture more often; they groaned, grimaced, or rubbed the painful area more often. Thus, these data confirm the operant conditioning theory of Fordyce within a prospective design. Furthermore, patients with strong avoidance behavior in pain situations and with fatalistic health expectations remained 8 to 10 days longer in the hospital. Regarding the somatic factors, only paresis is a significant predictor of these criteria. Patients with clear paresis showed more pain and a longer duration of hospital stay. In general, there was no significant correlation between the organic and psychological predictors, so independent psychological screening and the prospect of psychological interventions are necessary measures to prevent persistent pain in lumbar disc patients.
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PMID:[Chronic pain factor in patients with lumbar disc herniation.]. 1841 51

Henry Handel Richardson's 1929 novel Ultima Thule, the third volume of The fortunes of Richard Mahony, portrays the final years of Mahony's failed 19th century colonial venture and the psychological challenges he faced. The novel graphically describes the onset and evolution of younger onset dementia, modelled on the author's own experiences with her father, who died of general paresis of the insane. The issues on which Richardson focuses, including Mahony's depression and suicidal despair, the difficulties of understanding behavioural change without a diagnosis, the impact of parental dementia on young children and the spouse, and the importance of person-centred care in dementia, remain relevant today.
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PMID:Richard Mahony - the misfortunes of younger onset dementia. 1923 98

Amyloidosis is a rare disease caused by extracellular deposits of insoluble fibrillar proteins in various organs and tissues. There are different forms of amyloidosis distinguished by the type of protein fibrils, by the sites of deposition and by associated conditions. Gastrointestinal involvement is common both in primary and secondary amyloidosis, while isolated gastrointestinal amyloidosis is rare. We describe a case of AL amyloidosis with a gastrointestinal involvement and restrictive cardiomiopathy. A 64 year old woman came to our attention with a history of chronic diarrhoea and weight loss, associated with dysphagia, dry mouth, xerophtalmia, chronic gastritis and depression. Clinical diagnosis has been difficult because of aspecificity of symptoms that mimed other more common diseases, like gastro-paresis, epigastric discomfort, gastric or duodenal ulcers, perforation, malabsorption, intestinal pseudo-obstruction. There is an important risk of misunderstanding and diagnostic delay. Indeed in this patient a diagnosis of irritable colon syndrome was erroneously established two years before admission in our hospital. Therefore gastrointestinal amyloidosis should be considered among differential diagnoses of chronic diarrhoea and weight loss when other more common diseases have been excluded.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal amyloidosis: a case of chronic diarrhoea. 1953 May 11


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