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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thefts without motive of pain have been known since the early 19th century. But the problem has not been solved. While they were formerly considered a mental disease, today they are not seen as something special. But they still happen. Only a small percentage of common shop-lifting can be called a psycholopathologic syndrome. Many explanations and analyses have been published which are discussed in detail. In a group described here comprehensively difficult marital situations full of conflict, marital sexual frustration, depression, physical and mental exhaustion and aggressive and suicidal tendencies are found. Theft appears to be closely connected with these. But the pattern of motivation and causation is by no means stereo-typed. In order to clear up such actions one will have to consider as exactly as possible the biographic connection and what happens during the act - quite apart from somatic conditions. Present assessment in reports is totally unsatisfactory. To clear up the controversial questions is urgently necessary.
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PMID:[Thefts without motive of gain as a psychopathologic syndrome (author's transl)]. 0 33

Parsalmide- a new drug- is effective in the relief of inflammation and pain. In a double-blind, between-patients, cross-over trial with diazepam in 16 subjects with anxiety and depression, however, it proved less successful in relieving anxiety, though it was on a par with diazepam on an overall evaluation. The daytime somnolence and asthenia observed with diazepam were not observed with parsalmide.
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PMID:[Double-blind comparison of parsalmide and diazepam in anxious and depressive neurotic syndromes]. 1 25

The paper is based on experiences gained at a hospital pain clinic. Patients attending such a pain clinic can be divided into three categories: (1) Those with chronic organic lesions in whom the mental state was little affected. (2) Those with organic lesions who had mental changes which influenced their experience of the pain. (3) Patients who had primary mental changes in whom the complaint of pain was a symptom of their mental state. The importance of full history taking, ab initio, is stressed. Much can be learned from patients' ideas of causation and these should be considered. Phychiatric diagnoses should be reached positively and not by a process of exclusion. Distinction must be made between depression and normal sadness and it is important to establish the relationship between the onset of depression and the painful symptoms. When psychopathology is evident a variety of treatments are available. There is, however, a 'hard core' of patients who display no depression and little anxiety. In such cases the manipulative value of pain should be considered.
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PMID:The use of psychotropic drugs in a pain clinic. 1 97

The benzodiazepines are widely prescribed by many physicians for patients with depression, anxiety reaction, circulatory disorders, digestive disorders, tension headache, and pain in chest and back. According to various studies there is reason to believe that benzodiazepines not only possess the anxiolytic effects universally attributed to them but may also ameliorate somatic complaints affecting such systems as the cardiovascular and the gastrointestinal. twhether the bensodiazepines affect organ systems known to be linked in important pathophysiological ways to the nervous system deserves further study.
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PMID:The role of benzodiazepines in nonpsychiatric medical practice. 1 3

Lorazepam, a new benzodiazepine, was compared with morphine for premedication. Ten patients received morphine 10 mg/70 kg i.m. and 10 received lorazepam 4 mg/70 kg i.m. Respiratory effects were assessed from the change in slope (S) and intercept (B) of the carbon dioxide response line, using a development of Read's rebreathing method. Morphine depressed S by 47% (P less than 0.01), but after lorazepam S increased by 27% (P less than 0.05), neither drug altering B significantly. In two volunteers lorazepam was assessed by both the rebreathing and the steady-state methods; after lorazepam S was smaller by the steady-state than by the rebreathing technique. The findings for lorazepam are consistent with the known effects of sleep on carbon dioxide sensitivity. Amnesia lasting 4-8 h occurred in all patients who received lorazepam so that pain and nausea during this period were not recalled, but no patient who received morphine experienced amnesia. We conclude that lorazepam merits further study, particularly where sedation without respiratory depression is needed, as in obstetrics, and where amnesia for uncomfortable procedures is required.
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PMID:Respiratory effects and amnesia after premedication with morphine or lorazepam. 1 25

Neuroleptic analgesia, which is used for the major part of the conduct of labour, has the advantage of abolishing the pain of uterine contractions without altering the mother's state of consciousness. A study of the effects of droperidol together with phenoperidine on the mother and the child has been carried out. Clinical results, the parameters of the intra-uterine pressure curves and the fetal heart rates as well as of the acid base balance and the pO2 of the mother and infant during dilatation of the cervix and the two first hours of life have been monitored. The conclusion is that neuroleptic analgesia does not cause neonatal depression and can be used as a method for conducting labour so long as very strict monitoring conditions are applied.
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PMID:[Neuroleptic analgesia in the management of labor]. 2 Dec 3

The purpose of this study was to develop a behavioral rehabilitation program for patients with long-term nonspecific symptoms following craniocerebral trauma. In 47 patients we analyzed symptoms typical of "illness behavior" (e.g. complaining tendency, depression, irritability, psychosomatic pain, problems in job performance and social interaction) as possible targets for behavior modification. We then developed a behavioral training program to teach the patients various techniques of self-control (relaxation, desensitization, self-image training, analysis and control of illness behavior, assertiveness, performance techniques), our program being based on studies in the U.S.A. using similar approaches. For a preliminary testing two groups of 8 and 6 patients each were treated by different therapists. The patients worked through a section of the program manual prior to each group session. During the sessions proper (a total of 8 weekly two-hour sessions) the different techniques were practiced under the therapist's supervistion. In both groups a significant reduction in illness behavior as indicated on questionnaires and in 3-month follow-up was found. These encouraging results need to be further substantiated by controlled outcome studies.
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PMID:[Behavioral rehabilitation of nonspecific symptoms occuring after craniocerbral trauma (author's transl)]. 2 60

Naloxone was used in 20 patients divided into two series: series A consisted of 10 adults with an average age of 50.6 years (+/- 12.03) and series B 10 children with an average age of 8.5 years (+/- 5.16). Naloxone was given in the treatment of postoperative respiratory depression related to persistence of morphine impregnation, the patients having received either fentanyl (mean dose 0.04 mg/kg/h) or dextromoramide (mean dose 1.15 mg/kg/h). The mean dose of naloxone was 0.26 mg +/- 0.10, i.e. 3.9 microgram/kg in series A, and 0.13 mg +/- 0.11, i.e. 5.3 microgram/kg in series B. In both series, study of ventilatory function showed correction and stabilisation of the various parameters (F/min, Vt and V) up to 180 minutes after the injection. Recovery was rapid in both groups (7 to 10 min) and of good quality. Whilst it was accompanied in a number of cases by the recurrence of pain, the latter never required specific relief. The administration of naloxone was associated with an increase in heart rate (non-significant) at 10 min in series A and 30 min in series B. Apart an episode of nausea in one case of series A, no disagreeable side effects were observed.
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PMID:[The use of naloxone in neuroleptoanalgesia]. 2 36

Management of the chronic pain of cancer is a common and difficult problem. In addition to a medical examination of the patient, it is necessary to perform a psychological assessment of his premorbid personality, current mental status, and coping mechanisms to devise an individualized approach to his pain. The mainstay of cancer pain control are the narcotics, which differ primarily in potency and duration of action. Nonnarcotic analgesics are equianalgesic with the less potent narcotics. Antipsychotic drugs are useful as tranquilizers, antiemetics, and analgesic potentiators. Antidepressants and hypnotics permit the patient a more normal life-style. Stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines both potentiate narcotic analgesia and reduce narcotic-induced somnolence and respiratory depression. Tetrahydrocannabinol offers no advantage over traditional analgesics. With care and patience, the physician can render practically any cancer patient pain-free.
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PMID:Medical management of chronic cancer pain. 3 26

Depressive illness may affect the patient's response to dental care. It has been implicated both as a causal factor and a sequela in facial pain syndromes. Depression is treated with various medications that may influence function and health of the oral cavity and that may adversely interact with drugs used to control pain and anxiety.
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PMID:Recognition and management of the depressed dental patient. 4 Oct 14


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