Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An infant born at 31 weeks gestation had abnormalities consistent with post-asphyxial encephalopathy, including decelerated fetal heart-rate, cord-blood acidosis and depressed Apgar scores. Clinical signs included respiratory depression, hypotonia and severe seizures. When seen at six months corrected age, however, he had no abnormal neurological signs. The authors conclude that asphyxia in preterm infants may result in clinical abnormalities similar to those in mature infants, but that the abnormalities are separate from haemorrhage and ischaemia.
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PMID:Post-asphyxial encephalopathy in a preterm infant. 275 45

Cardiac conduction abnormalities and hypertension developed in a patient who ingested approximately 500 mg of baclofen (Lioresal). The patient also exhibited the more common features of baclofen overdose including coma, respiratory depression, hypotonia, and hyporeflexia. A review of the literature and a discussion of the interesting manifestations and treatment of baclofen overdose are included.
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PMID:Baclofen overdose with cardiac conduction abnormalities: case report and review of the literature. 301 74

This study is the first attempt to characterize neurological and behavioural consequences of fluid-percussion concussive head injury in the cat. Both animals initially anaesthetized by N2O as well as unanaesthetized, chronically prepared animals were subjected to injury. Injury with a fluid-pressure wave of 1.9-2.5 atm (duration 21-24 ms) produced a brief generalized areflexia. Following this initial response, injury greater than 2.1 atm frequently produced a period associated with hypotonia of postural muscles and suppression of postural motor responses (flaccidity). A close association between flaccidity and other indices of coma such as absence of eye-opening responses was noted. These consequences of injury can occur without fatal apnoae, circulatory collapse or overt intraparenchymal haemorrhages. This result suggests that mechanical stress predominantly restricted to the brain stem in fluid percussion may be sufficient, at least in the cat, to produce coma associated with flaccidity which has been previously documented for acceleration concussion. There was no evidence that fluid percussion produced EEG depression similar to the effects of lesions in the mesencephalic reticular activating system (RAS). Thus, depression of general levels of brain activity including those within the RAS seems not be necessary for production of this form of reversible coma.
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PMID:Coma associated with flaccidity produced by fluid-percussion concussion in the cat. I: Is it due to depression of activity within the brainstem reticular formation? 316 67

Two patients with AIDS and histologically confirmed Kaposi's sarcoma were treated with 3 X 10(6) U/m2 interferon alpha 2C (rIFN alpha 2C) subcutaneously three times a week. In both cases remissions (7 weeks and more than 9 months) of the tumour lesions were achieved and in one case pretherapeutic moderate thrombocytopenia improved. The positive serum antibody titres to HTLV III-virus showed no conversion. Except for fever (below 39 degrees C) during the first two weeks of IFN treatment in both patients, therapy-requiring hypotonia, mild depression, leucopenia (WHO grade 1) and thrombocytopenia (WHO grade 2) in one patient, no side effects were observed. All the above-mentioned features were reversible after termination of treatment. Further studies to optimize the dosage of rIFN alpha 2C and its time schedule in the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS are recommended.
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PMID:[Interferon alpha 2C in the treatment of 2 patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma]. 357 87

The clinical and pathologic findings in 12 patients with medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and three patients with long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency are summarized. Although these inborn errors of intramitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids present with similar findings to Reye's syndrome, there are clinical, laboratory and hepatic histologic differences. Younger age at presentation, history of unexplained sibling death, a previous episode of lethargy, hypoglycemia or acidosis precipitated by fasting stress and only mildly elevated serum transaminases with normal or only mildly prolonged prothrombin time may all suggest an acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is differentiated from medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency by younger age at presentation, more profound cardiorespiratory depression, evidence of cardiomyopathy, and sequelae of muscle weakness, hypotonia and developmental delay. Definitive diagnosis is made by assay of medium-chain or long-chain enzyme activity in cultured skin fibroblasts or in leukocytes. Hepatic light microscopic alterations are essentially limited to steatosis, which may be either macro- or microvesicular. The cases with microvesicular steatosis can be differentiated morphologically from Reye's syndrome by electron microscopy, showing the absence of the mitochondrial changes characteristic of Reye's. Four of seven cases of acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency showed some variations from normal in the appearance of the hepatocyte mitochondria. The relationship of these variations to the basic metabolic defect(s) remains to be determined.
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PMID:Medium-chain and long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: clinical, pathologic and ultrastructural differentiation from Reye's syndrome. 379 3

A 2750-g female infant was born at 36 weeks' gestation to a 40-year-old woman treated with clonazepam throughout her pregnancy. The infant developed apnea, cyanosis, and hypotonia within a few hours of birth. The mother's serum clonazepam level at delivery was 32 ng/mL; the cord blood level was 19 ng/mL. The infant had no congenital malformations, evidence of infection, or seizures. Clinical episodes ceased by ten days of age. The woman elected to breastfeed; breast milk clonazepam levels were between 11 and 13 ng/mL. She was discharged with a cardiorespiratory monitor. The authors suggest that infants of mothers receiving this agent during pregnancy or while nursing have serum levels measured. Additionally, these infants should be monitored for central nervous system depression or apnea.
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PMID:Neonatal apnea associated with maternal clonazepam therapy: a case report. 402 13

A 74-year-old woman with a history of cerebrovascular disease developed profound central nervous system (CNS) and respiratory depression, generalized hypotonia, sinus bradycardia, and urinary retention following an increase in dose of baclofen, an antispasticity agent. Before receiving baclofen therapy the patient had had minor urinary dysfunction associated with a remote cerebrovascular accident but no urinary retention. Cessation of baclofen therapy and the relief of the urinary obstruction improved mental status and normalized motor function within 24 hours. A withdrawal syndrome of agitation, hallucinosis, and convulsive activity persisted for eight days following discontinuation of the baclofen. Our experience suggests that patients with various forms of CNS disease states may be at risk of serious CNS depression with even small therapeutic doses of baclofen.
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PMID:Aggravated CNS depression with urinary retention secondary to baclofen administration. 402

A term infant required intubation for respiratory depression. Examination revealed hypotonia and areflexia with intact extraocular movements. Electrodiagnostic studies demonstrated defective neuromuscular transmission characterized by borderline low motor evoked amplitudes, profound decremental responses at all stimulation rates, and moderate facilitation (50 to 740%) 15 seconds after 5 seconds of 50 Hz stimulation. Repetitive muscle action potential responses were not recorded following stimulation of nerves by single shocks. Sensory evoked responses and needle electromyographic findings were normal, as were acetylcholine receptor antibody levels. Results of muscle histochemical analyses, including acetylcholinesterase stains, were normal. End-plate histometric analyses demonstrated only a slight reduction in mean synaptic vesicle diameter compared with that in an adult control subject. In vitro muscle contractile properties, stimulating the muscle directly, were normal. Anticholinesterase medications were ineffective. Guanidine produced clinical deterioration. The amplitude of motor evoked responses progressively declined, whereas the percentage of decrement and amount of post-tetanic facilitation increased. Although the nature of the transmission defect was not identified, the data are consistent with abnormal acetylcholine resynthesis, mobilization, or storage without abnormality of release or receptors.
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PMID:Abnormal neuromuscular transmission in an infantile myasthenic syndrome. 608 19

Extensive investigation of the role of the fusimotor system in the production of hypotonic and hypertonic disorders of posture and tone has been undertaken in humans and experimental animals. The data from human studies have usually been from indirect assessment of the fusimotor system, and results are often contradictory. Results are now available from animal studies utilizing direct recording of muscle spindle afferent discharge in a number of models of human disorder. Conditions resulting in hypotonia, e.g. cerebellar ablations, medullary pyramidotomy, VL nucleus, thalamotomy, acute spinal cord transection, and acute motor cortex ablation uniformly result in a depression of muscle spindle primary afferent discharge. Conditions resulting in hypertonia, e.g. chronic spinal cord transection and chronic motor cortex ablation, fail to show heightened muscle spindle afferent discharge, however. Rather the spindle afferent discharge returns to control levels in the models. Recovery from the hypotonic to the hypertonic state is, however, associated with significant recovery of spindle afferent function.
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PMID:Rehabilitation following brain damage: some neurophysiological mechanisms. Physiological correlates of clinically observed changes in posture and tone following lesions of the central nervous system. 622 98

A case of acute intoxication in a 60-yr-old woman who ingested 20 mg of clonidine is presented. The patient showed CNS depression (bradycardia, hypotonia) with systemic hypertension and peripheral vasoconstriction. She was treated with atropine and sodium nitroprusside. There was no recurrence and the patient recovered in 8 days.
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PMID:Clonidine overdose. 664 Dec 56


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