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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study evaluated changes in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profile levels of chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients following successful treatment for their disability. A total of 69 patients were evaluated at admission and 6 months after completing the treatment program. Results demonstrated significant decreases of the Hysteria, Depression, and Hypochondriasis scales toward normal ranges at the 6-month evaluation. These results indicate that MMPI profile levels of CLBP patients are significantly reduced to normal ranges following successful treatment.
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PMID:Changes in MMPI profile levels of chronic low back pain patients following successful treatment. 215 90

Twenty consecutive, chronic low back pain patients admitted to our pain treatment unit completed the Attributional Style Questionnaire (an instrument that detects a cognitive style that is correlated with, and that predicts, depression) and the Beck Depression Inventory. An age, sex, and education-matched group of normal subjects, a group of patients with asymptomatic essential hypertension, and a group of patients with end-stage renal disease receiving dialysis treatment served as controls. The majority of the chronic-pain and renal-dialysis patients had elevated depression scores, whereas none of the normal subjects or hypertensive patients were outside the nondepressed range. The Attributional Style scores of the pain and renal dialysis patients were significantly deviant from the normal control group, but no more so than those of the patients with hypertension. The results of this study suggest that individuals with a chronic medical condition, either symptomatic (chronic low back pain or renal disease) or asymptomatic (essential hypertension) in nature, develop an attributional style characteristic of depression. These data neither lend support nor refute the thesis that chronic pain syndromes are a variant of, or a masked, depression. Rather, this research implies that a more important question is what identifiable risk factors (for example, attributional style) predispose patients with chronic pain to develop a depressive illness.
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PMID:Chronic low back pain, depression, and attributional style. 215 7

The use of strategies for coping with chronic pain was assessed by means of the Coping Strategy Questionnaire (CSQ) in a Dutch sample of 108 chronic low back pain (LBP) patients referred for behavioral treatment. The 3 factors of the CSQ were related to measurements of behavioral and emotional adjustment to LBP above and beyond the effects of demographic and medical status variables. Especially patients high on the factor Helplessness reported higher levels of pain, functional impairment, anxiety, depression and psychoneuroticism, while patients high on the factor Perceived Control reported lower levels of pain, functional impairment and also manifested a higher level of uptime. The causal role of coping strategies in adjustment to pain, the selectivity of focusing on LBP patients selected through referral and implications for pain management are discussed.
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PMID:Pain coping strategies in a Dutch population of chronic low back pain patients. 252 13

This comparative descriptive study investigated differences in perceived body space and self-esteem in adult males with and without chronic low back pain. Results indicated that no significant differences existed between the two groups. Ancillary findings indicated that adult males with chronic low back pain were more depressed than adult males with hypertension. Those with continuous chronic pain demonstrated higher depression scores and lower self-esteem scores than did those experiencing intermittent chronic pain.
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PMID:Perceived body space and self-esteem in adult males with and without chronic low back pain. 252 43

The aim of this study was to conduct a component analysis of a group programme for chronic low back pain patients. Forty-five patients participated in the pain control course, consisting of education about pain and a training in self-hypnosis. A pain diary was used as a measure of pain intensity, up-time and use of pain medication. Psychoneuroticism and depression were assessed using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). No evidence was found for a differential efficacy of education or self-hypnosis on pain diary and SCL-90 scores. On completion of the total treatment package, patients manifested statistically significant changes on all measures except reported pain intensity. It is suggested that the pain control course is a non-invasive, inexpensive means of treatment which could be of some value in teaching even more severely disabled low back pain patients to cope more adequately with their pain problem. For this group of patients, a better adjustment to continuing pain may prove to be a more realistic therapy goal than pain reduction.
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PMID:Education and self-hypnosis in the management of low back pain: a component analysis. 252 39

Recent studies have suggested that spouses of chronic pain patients are at risk for emotional and marital maladjustment. This study explored the role of patient and spouse gender in mediating the effects of chronic pain on the spouse's adjustment. Eight-three chronic low back pain patients and their spouses completed measures of physical and psychosocial disability, pain behaviors, marital satisfaction, and depression. The following findings characterized male but not female patient couples: (a) spouses reported significantly lower marital satisfaction than did patients; (b) lesser spouse marital satisfaction was associated with greater patient depression; and (c) greater spouse depression was associated with greater depression and lower marital satisfaction in patients. In female but not male patient couples, spouses reported significantly less depression than did patients. Significant relationships were more frequently observed between spouse-rated patient dysfunction and spouse's depression and marital adjustment in male patient couples. The results suggest a stronger relationship for female than for male spouses between the spouse's perception of patient dysfunction and the spouse's emotional and marital adjustment.
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PMID:Sex differences in the relationship of pain patient dysfunction to spouse adjustment. 261 80

Stressful life-events have been identified as contributing to psychological disturbance in chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, previous research has focused on the presence versus absence of generalized distress and failed to distinguish between positive and negative events. The present study examined the relationship of positive and negative life-events to various aspects of distress as measured by the eight clinical scales of the MMPI. Negative life-events were found to be associated primarily with depression and social maladjustment, while positive events were inversely related to somatic concern.
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PMID:Life-events and psychological disturbance in chronic low back pain. 293 91

Sixty-six chronic low back pain sufferers were randomly divided into three groups. Following individual assessments consisting of psychological questionnaires, pain monitoring, and measurement of paraspinal electromyogram (EMG), one group received paraspinal EMG biofeedback and another a placebo treatment. The third group received no intervention. Two further assessments were carried out on all groups immediately after treatment and at a 3-month follow-up. All groups showed significant reduction in pain, anxiety, depression, and paraspinal EMG following treatment and at follow-up, but there were no differences between groups. A regression analysis failed to identify subjects' characteristics that predicted positive outcome in the biofeedback group. However, high scores on the Evaluative scale of the McGill Pain Questionnaire and high hypnotizability were significant predictors of positive outcome for the placebo group. It is concluded that paraspinal EMG biofeedback is not a specific treatment for chronic low back pain in a nonhospitalized population.
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PMID:A controlled evaluation of paraspinal EMG biofeedback in the treatment of chronic low back pain. 293 30

Demographic, clinical and psychological characteristics of 92 patients with low back pain were correlated with prolactin and cortisol levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Somatization and depression scores correlated statistically significantly with the CSF serum ratio of prolactin both in men and in the total group. An increased CSF/serum ratio of cortisol was slightly associated with somatization scores in the total group. Multiple stepwise regression, furthermore, revealed that somatization, anxiety and one of the pain indices contributed to the variance in the CSF prolactin level, which was mostly dependent on the respective serum level. Sex and electromyographic findings (EMG) accounted for 12 and 7%, respectively, of the variance in the afternoon cortisol levels. Women reported more somatization and depression feelings than did men. Most of the data support our earlier assumption that male and female pain patients have different coping mechanisms. In spite of the common underlying endocrine responses to distress in men and women, gender differences in psychological response appear to modify endocrine responses to the experience of low back pain.
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PMID:Prolactin and cortisol responses to the experience of low back pain. 293 25

Seventy-four chronic low back pain patients in a study assessing the effectiveness of group outpatient cognitive-behavioral and operant behavioral treatment completed the Coping Strategy Questionnaire (CSQ) and measures of pain, depression, and functional disability pre- and post-treatment. The previously reported factor structure of the CSQ was generally replicated, and significant associations were found between use of ignoring and reinterpretation strategies and downtime, between use of attention diversion strategies and pain intensity, and between tendency to catastrophize and physical and psychosocial impairment. Both treatments resulted in significant changes in types of coping strategies used to deal with pain. Increased use of praying and hoping strategies was significantly related to decreases in pain intensity. Decreased catastrophizing was also significantly related to decreases in pain intensity, as well as to decreases in physical and psychosocial impairment.
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PMID:Strategies for coping with chronic low back pain: relationship to pain and disability. 293 59


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