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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The usefulness of the Somatization factor of the MMPI-168 with low back pain patients was examined in two separate studies. In study 1, 58 male veteran low back pain patients who had been divided into organic and mixed groups served as Ss. MMPI protocols were rescored for the five factors of Overall, Hunter, and Butcher (1973). The organic and mixed groups differed only on the Somatization factor. A cutting score of raw greater than or equal to 8 (T = 75) was determined to classify the sample correctly 74.5% of the time. In study 2, a second sample of 48 male veteran low back pain patients was divided into mixed, organic, and functional groups. The mixed group was subdivided further into a mixed-pain group who still were having pain and were seeking treatment and a mixed-relief group who were experiencing a reduction of pain and were returning to vocational activities. The functional and mixed-pain groups differed from the organic and mixed-relief groups on the Somatization and Depression factors. The cutting score determined in the study 1 correctly classified patients 83% of the time.
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PMID:Application of the somatization factor of the MMPI-168 with low back pain patients. 14 41

Eighty-three women between the ages of 25 and 44 years who presented with low back pain during a one-year period were compared with a control group of women matched by age and socioeconomic status. The patients with low back pain presented a larger number of problems to their family physicians during the course of the year, but there were no significant differences noted in the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression during their visits, or in the number of psychological problems presented by the two groups, or in the number of psychoactive medications received for problems other than low back pain. The results suggest that low back pain patients may represent a group who more readily present their symptoms to physicians but that they are no more likely to have psychological problems than similar patients who do not have low back pain.
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PMID:Low back pain in family practice: a case control study. 15 61

Relationships of four demographic variables and five affective variables to eight attributes of low back pain were investigated in 251 patients by stepwise, multivariate analysis. The demographic variables are age, sex, race, and education. The affective variables are state anxiety, trait anxiety anxiety, hostility, and depression. Seven of the pain variables are from the factorially derived Low Back Pain Questionnaire. The eighth pain variable is a self-estimate of intensity. Relationships among demographic and pain variables are small and unsystematic. Hostility has a small, systematically inverse relation to pain variables, supporting theories relating low back pain to inhibition of anger. Anxiety has a small positive relationship, and depression has no relationship to pain variables. In general, the small relationships indicate that the Low Back Pain Questionnaire provides descriptions of pain that are not confounded by social characteristics or current emotional states of patients.
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PMID:Demographic and affective covariates of pain. 16 4

It has been well known that the fasting therapy which was invented in Medical School of Tohoku University reveals an excellent effect upon various kinds of psychosomatic diseases, but its therapeutic mechanism and suitable indication are not yet explained completely. In order to corroborate these problems, this study was undertaken on 262 cases of psychosomatic diseases in the field of internal medicine. It is a complete fasting for 10 days with nothing by mouth except for drinking water, and 500 ml of parenteral fluid containing vitamins are administered intravenously every day. Absolute bed rest and self meditation are required in a closed individual room, and patients are not allowed to meet anyone but physicians and nurse in charge. The return to normal ordinary diet follows the order of fluid diet, soft diet and semiordinary diet during 5 days. In the period of the therapy, various clinical and laboratory examinations were carried out. Significance of these examinations consists in prediction of possible danger during the fasting period and elucidation of its therapeutic mechanism. Consequently, an outstanding efficacy rate of 87% with excellent prognosis was attained, and the following diseases were determined as suitable indication of this therapy; irritable colon, dysorexia nervosa, borderline hypertension, neurocirculatory asthenia, bronchial asthma, mild diabetes mellitus, obesity, lumbago without organic findings, conversion hysteria, various neurosis with somatic symptoms and masked depression. Possible mechanism of action of the therapy is that fasting acts as an extreme stress on the function of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems, then it regulates the function of whole body including the brain, also it acts as one of the behaviour therapy for abnormal conditioning.
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PMID:Fasting therapy for psychosomatic diseases with special reference to its indication and therapeutic mechanism. 96 29

Peripheral nerve stimulating devices were implanted for pain control in 33 patients with a variety of disabling chronic pain conditions, which had persisted despite usual medical and surgical therapy. The implants were placed on major nerves innervating the area of the patient's pain. Records were obtained of each patient's stated relief from pain produced by nerve stimulation, along with assessments of narcotic withdrawal, ability to return to work, sleep pattern, and relief from depression. Based on these five criteria 17 patients were judged to be treatment failures, while eight patients had excellent results, and seven had intermediate results. Twelve of the failures were in patients with either low back pain with sciatica, or pain from metastatic disease. The most dramatic successes occurred in patients with peripheral nerve trauma. The incidence of complications has been low, and two patients have used the stimulator for 5 years without adverse effects. Techniques of peripheral stimulator implantation, possible mechanisms of action, and conclusions regarding peripheral nerve stimulation in the treatment of chronic pain are discussed.
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PMID:Peripheral nerve stimulation in the treatment of intractable pain. 108 48

The prevalence of major depression in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) is approximately three to four times greater than that reported in the general population. In spite of these high prevalence rates, there have been few systematic attempts to investigate the efficacy of treatment for major depression in patients with CLBP. While several studies have examined the efficacy of antidepressant medication and psychological treatment in patients with chronic pain, most of these studies have focused on treating chronic pain rather than depression. The few studies that have specifically addressed the treatment of depression in CLBP indicate that tricyclic antidepressants and cognitive-behavioral approaches may be effective means of treating depressed chronic pain patients. Clinical issues related to diagnostic confounds, rehabilitation outcome, and conceptualizations of the relation between pain and depression are discussed. It is argued that, in patients with clinical levels of depression, treatment modalities specifically targeting depressive symptomatology deserve serious consideration as an integral component of pain management programs.
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PMID:The treatment of depression in chronic low back pain: review and recommendations. 845 72

This paper describes a prospective, double blind, randomised and dummy-controlled trial in 28 patients with chronic mechanical low back pain presenting to the York Pain Clinic. The therapeutic effects of epidural methyl prednisolone (80 mg) were compared with intrathecal midazolam (2 mg). All the patients had pain for a considerable length of time (range: 1-35 years) and all had received previous treatments which had failed. The two groups of patients were comparable in terms of pain duration, demography, extent of disability, anxiety and depression and pain locus of control. The pain was assessed before and for 2 months after treatment using the short form McGill Pain Questionnaire as well as visual analogue and verbal rating scales for sensory and affective components of their pain experience; patients also completed a pain diary. Both treatments caused a similar improvement in one-half to three-quarters of the patients for 2 months in patterns of activity and sleep as well as in the sensory and affective components of the pain. However, although the improvement in the two groups was similar, all the patients treated with steroid were either taking more or the same amount of self-administered analgesic medication after their treatment, whereas between one-third and one-half of the midazolam-treated patients took less medication during the 2 month follow-up period. We conclude that intrathecal midazolam is an effective treatment for chronic mechanical low back pain. The mechanism responsible for this effect is discussed.
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PMID:Intrathecal midazolam for the treatment of chronic mechanical low back pain: a controlled comparison with epidural steroid in a pilot study. 153 83

Assessment of physical and psychosocial dysfunction is recognized as essential in chronic pain patient evaluation. One instrument, the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), has demonstrated good reliability and validity as a measure of dysfunction among chronic pain patients. An alternate measure, the Chronic Illness Problem Inventory (CIPI), is shorter and more easily scored than the SIP, but as yet has not been applied widely to chronic pain problems. In the present study, 95 chronic low back pain patients completed the SIP, the CIPI, activity diaries, the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), before participating in a chronic pain treatment study. Overt pain behaviors were also coded from videotapes of a standardized assessment protocol. Seventy-five subjects completed the measures post-treatment. The results indicate that although the SIP and the CIPI are significantly correlated and appear to be measuring similar constructs, there is also substantial unshared variance between them, suggesting that they may tap somewhat different aspects of dysfunction in chronic pain. The CIPI shows promise as a useful alternative measure of dysfunction in chronic low back pain patients, but requires further validation for this purpose.
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PMID:The Chronic Illness Problem Inventory as a measure of dysfunction in chronic pain patients. 153 1

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) beta-endorphin concentrations were determined before and after treatment in 28 patients suffering chronic neuralgic low back pain/sciatica. Nine patients carried the additional diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Pain treatment was multimodal and resulted in variable pain reduction. CSF beta-endorphin concentrations spanned a wide range with no association to age, gender, pain ratings, depressive symptomatology, and drug intake. CSF beta-endorphin concentrations were not influenced by the presence of major depressive disorder and did not change with successful treatment of pain and resolution of depression.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of beta-endorphin in chronic low back pain patients. Influence of depression and treatment. 182 85

This study (N = 115) compared the abilities of the Faschingbauer Abbreviated Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (FAM), the Midi-Mult, and the standard MMPI to predict response to conservative medical treatment for low back pain, as assessed by patient ratings of pain intensity 6 to 12 months later. The results indicated that all three inventory formats yielded significant correlations between the Hypochondriasis, Depression, and Hysteria scales and follow-up pain ratings. Less consistent findings were obtained with other scales and indices. The results provide tentative support for the clinical and research utility of these abbreviated MMPIs in substituting for the standard MMPI in outcome studies with back pain patients.
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PMID:MMPI short forms as predictors of response to conservative treatment for low back pain. 183 4


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