Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Naturally-occurring hyperadrenocorticism was diagnosed in an 11-year-old female Dachshund with signs of polydipsia, polyuria, pendulous abdomen, weakness, depression and lethargy, and laboratory test abnormalities comprising lymphocytopaenia, eosinopaenia, hypercholesterolaemia and increased plasma alkaline phosphatase concentration. While awaiting hormonal test results, an adrenocorticolytic drug (o,p'-DDD) was administered for 14 days, during which the patient deteriorated. Hormonal assays suggested a functioning adrenocortical tumour, but the poor condition of the patient precluded adrenalectomy. An adrenocortical carcinoma with hepatic metastases was found at necropsy.
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PMID:Functioning adrenocortical tumour in a dog. 628 91

The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a complex of symptoms that usually occurs seven to ten days before menses in large numbers of women. These symptoms typically cease during the 24 hours after the onset of menses. PMS affects many areas of the body, with each afflicted woman having her personal set of symptoms. Frequently encountered signs and symptoms include breast tenderness and swelling, weight gain, headache, abdominal cramping and bloating, food cravings, thirst, nausea, joint pain, acne, dizziness, hyperalgesia and one or more psychologic symptoms: irritability, lethargy and fatigue, depression, anxiety, hostility and aggression. Theories relating PMS to hormonal imbalance, vitamin deficiency or psychosomatic aberration have failed to explain this condition fully. Treatments using hormones, vitamins, oral contraceptives or diuretics have failed to relieve all the symptoms of PMS. The prostaglandin (PG) theory proposes that these nearly ubiquitous substances, produced in pathophysiologic amounts in brain, breast, gastrointestinal tract, kidney and reproductive tract, can trigger many of the PMS symptoms. If that is true, then a PG inhibitor could counteract excessive PG production and successfully control those PMS symptoms related to prostaglandin excess or imbalance. Therapy based upon this theory can proceed to the use of PG inhibitors in conservative steps. First, permanent deletion of xanthine-containing beverages (coffee, tea, cola and chocolate) from the diet can reduce nervousness, irritability and breast tenderness. Luteal phase salt restriction, with a mild diuretic used if necessary the last week before menses, adds to this effect. For the 20-25% of women who need more help, either a PG inhibitor or natural progesterone (to oppose the action of PGs), given when PMS begins, brings relief. In women with depressive PMS complaints, small daily doses of an antidepressant may prove helpful.
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PMID:The use of prostaglandin inhibitors for the premenstrual syndrome. 635 May 80

Beginning 1 wk postpartum, weekly changes of feed and water intake, body weight, milk production, and electrolyte concentrations in serum, saliva, urine, milk, and feces were observed for 8 to 11 wk. Three dietary treatments differing in sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate supplementation but containing equal sodium concentrations were used. Dietary chloride percents were low .10%, medium .27%, and high .45%. Consistently changes were significant for feed and water intake, body weight, milk production, and electrolyte concentrations in serum, urine, milk, and feces of cows fed the low chloride diet. By wk 8, body weight had declined from 575.0 +/- 56.7 to 476.7 +/- 54.3 kg, and daily milk production decreased from a peak of 27.7 +/- 2.4 to 19.2 +/- 3.9 kg for cows fed the low chloride diet. Serum chloride decreased from 106.0 +/- 2.8 to 75.5 +/- 6.7 meq/liter during the same time. Cows on the low chloride diet developed clinical signs of a deficiency characterized by depraved appetite, lethargy, hypophagia, emaciation, hypogalactiae, constipation, and cardiovascular depression. Metabolic alterations could be summarized as a severe primary hypochloremic, secondary hypokalemic, metabolic alkalosis.
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PMID:Nutritional chloride deficiency in early lactation Holstein cows. 650 51

Clonidine hydrochloride (CH) is an antihypertensive drug with complex pharmacologic activity including central and peripheral alpha-adrenergic stimulation and CNS depression. We reviewed the records of 5 children admitted to our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit following accidental ingestion of CH. All patients presented with lethargy or stupor, beginning 20-60 minutes after ingestion. Respiratory depression or apnea occurred in 4, requiring endotracheal intubation in 2 and mechanical ventilation in 1. All 5 developed mild to moderate hypertension, and 3 developed asymptomatic bradycardia. The dose of CH ingested was estimated to be 0.2-0.4 mg in 4 out of 5 patients. Treatment consisted of efforts to prevent absorption of CH from the GI tract and supportive care. All signs of CH toxicity resolved within 6-14 hours. Four patients were transferred from ICU within 24 hours and discharged home the following day. One patient developed post-extubation stridor and atelectasis. Significant toxicity occurred even though the amount of CH ingested was relatively small in at least 4 or 5 patients. Transient hypertension occurred early in the hospital course of all patients and resolved without treatment. Hypotension and symptomatic bradycardia were not observed. Apnea was the most serious abnormality observed. All patients recovered without significant morbidity.
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PMID:Hypertension associated with clonidine ingestion. 652 27

Twelve horses were divided into three groups and given various doses of a mixed species strongyle inoculum, representing light, moderate, and heavy infections. Three weeks after the larval inoculations, three animals from each group were given larvicidal doses of thiabendazole (TBZ) (440 mg kg-1 on two consecutive days); one animal from each group served as a non-medicated control. Treatment was repeated three weeks later. One treated animal from each group was designated for long-term study; others were necropsied to study adult and larval parasite loads. Six of the twelve animals with strongylosis developed moderate eosinophilia. TBZ given at 440 mg kg-1 on two consecutive days caused depression, lethargy, and anorexia which lasted for five days. Eosinopenia, lymphopenia, and neutrophilia occurred in treated animals, and lasted for three days. During the course of TBZ treatment, one horse died from what appeared to be a mis-dosing or an anaphylactic reaction. At necropsy, active thrombi of the anterior mesenteric artery were seen in parasitized animals, but not in those treated with TBZ. Five out of seven medicated horses were completely free of adult and larval strongyle parasites. One had a few Strongylus edentatus larvae and another had small strongyles. No Strongylus vulgaris larvae or adults were recovered from any horse treated with TBZ.
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PMID:The elimination of equine strongyles and hematological and pathological consequences following larvicidal doses of thiabendazole. 653 63

Twenty-one episodes of status epilepticus (SE) were each treated with 1 to 9 mg (mean, 4 mg) of intravenous lorazepam. All patients with generalized tonic-clonic ( GTC ) SE responded within 15 minutes. Nine (82%) of the 11 patients with episodes of partial SE with altered responsiveness responded poorly. Respiratory depression occurred in five instances (two requiring intubation) and was associated with transient loss of brain-stem reflexes, hypotension, and decorticate posturing in three cases. Generalized tonic-clonic SE was transformed into partial SE with altered responsiveness in three patients. In an additional four patients, marked lethargy developed. Lorazepam appears effective in controlling GTC SE but only occasionally effective in partial SE with altered responsiveness.
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PMID:Treatment of status epilepticus with lorazepam. 672 34

We report here on a case of primary alveolar hypoventilation in a 9 yr old child. From the age of 8 years, the patient has suffered from episodes of bronchopneumonia associated with severe respiratory insufficiency and lethargy. After recovery, cyanosis developed during the night and, later on, during the day. On two occasions, serious respiratory depression followed ketamine sedation for cardiac catheterization and total anaesthesia for cerebral angiography. Pulmonary function tests showed normal volumes and normal mechanics of breathing; blood gas analysis revealed a slight hypercapnic acidosis and hypoxia. The ventilatory response to CO2 was virtually absent, whereas voluntary hyperventilation normalized blood gas values. A polygraphic recording during sleep showed a marked worsening of hypoventilation, which occurred soon after falling asleep and continued throughout all sleep stages; sporadic central apnoeas, at times prolonged, were recorded only during light sleep. The patient, now 14 yr old, is maintained in satisfactory condition with low flow nocturnal oxygen administration combined with the use of a body respirator during sleep twice a week.
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PMID:A polygraphic study of one case of primary alveolar hypoventilation (Ondine's curse). 672 66

In four children with iatrogenic morphine sulfate tolerance and dependence, narcotic withdrawal was successfully accomplished using propoxyphene napsylate. The patients showed signs and symptoms typical of narcotic withdrawal, which resolved with morphine administration and increased during attempts to lower the daily morphine dose. Propoxyphene napsylate at total daily doses of 25 to 65 mg/kg, administered at four-hour intervals, allowed rapid reduction of the morphine dosage, with few withdrawal signs and symptoms, and lessened respiratory depression. This treatment enabled patients to be rapidly weaned from the respirator. One child experienced increasing lethargy and respiratory depression and responded to naloxone hydrochloride and a decrease in the dose of propoxyphene; another had transient agitation, which may have been related to high levels of propoxyphene. Our treatment used alternating doses of propoxyphene and morphine, which allowed the child to be morphine free after four days and narcotic free after nine days.
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PMID:Propoxyphene in children with iatrogenic morphine dependence. 686 31

In a control randomized cross-over trial, 117 patients with advanced breast cancer were treated initially either with tamoxifen (10 mg p.o. twice daily) or aminoglutethimide (250 mg p.o. 4 times daily) with hydrocortisone (20 mg twice daily). Patients failing to respond or relapsing were switched to the alternative treatment. Eighteen (30%) of the 60 patients initially treated with tamoxifen achieved an objective response, and 11 (18%) achieved stable disease. Seventeen (30%) of the 57 patients treated initially with aminoglutethimide achieved an objective response, and 13 (23%) achieved stable disease. Aminoglutethimide achieved a 35% objective response and a further 26% subjective bone pain relief in patients with bone metastases (overall, 61%) compared with a 17% objective response and a further 17% objective bone pain relief with tamoxifen (total, 34%). None of six premenopausal patients responded to aminoglutethimide compared with two of four responding to tamoxifen. The median response duration to aminoglutethimide was 16 months compared with 20 months for tamoxifen. Side effects for aminoglutethimide (including lethargy, rash, and depression) were more common than for tamoxifen, and 7% of aminoglutethimide-treated patients had to discontinue treatment because of these compared with 0% on tamoxifen. In cross-over studies, 6 of 12 tamoxifen responders who relapsed achieved a second response to aminoglutethimide (50%), as did 6 of 29 patients who initially failed to respond to tamoxifen (21%). In contrast, none of 11 patients relapsing after response to aminoglutethimide achieved a second response to tamoxifen; only 1 of 18 nonresponders to aminoglutethimide subsequently responded to tamoxifen (6%). In a subsequent study in which 62 patients were treated with combined tamoxifen and aminoglutethimide, the overall response rate of 37% was not significantly better than that for either agent used alone.
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PMID:Tamoxifen versus aminoglutethimide versus combined tamoxifen and aminoglutethimide in the treatment of advanced breast carcinoma. 704 25

Ten women ages 22 to 39 years were treated with a single injection of Delestrogen on day 19 of the menstrual cycle and increasing doses of Parlodel on days 19 to 23. This treatment resulted in a shortening of the luteal phase and a decrease in the production of progesterone and had no effect on serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), or prolactin levels. Side effects reported with this therapy included lethargy, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, hot flashes, depression, and nasal congestion. These preliminary clinical data suggest a combination of estrogen and bromocriptine regimen is luteolytic and may be useful as an interceptive abortifacient preparation in the human being.
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PMID:Evaluation of Delestrogen and Parlodel as a luteolytic agent in humans. 706 Jul 69


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