Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Side effects of iohexol lumbar myelography have been analyzed with respect to the influence of the type of radiological abnormality, sex and age in a group of 200 patients. Headache, postural headache, nausea and back/leg pain were significantly more frequent in patients without definite radiological abnormalities. Postural headache, nausea, dizziness and mental symptoms were more frequent in women, while headache, postural headache, nausea, dizziness, minor mental symptoms (i.e. anxiety or depression) and pain became less frequent with age. This pattern is similar to that reported after lumbar puncture. Young women without definite clinical signs of nerve root lesions probably have the greatest risk of experiencing side effects after iohexol lumbar myelography.
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PMID:Side effects after lumbar iohexol myelography. Relation to radiological diagnosis, sex and age. 235 35

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used for more than 20 years in the treatment of diverse pain conditions. Although recent studies have identified more clearly those conditions for which SCSoffers a favorable prognosis, the identification of a patient population in whom reasonably long-term success can be expected has been difficult. In an effort to improve patient selection and increase the overall success rate of treatment, we have examined various physical, demographic, and psychosocial variables as predictors of SCS outcome. The study population consisted of 40 patients with chronic low back and/or leg pain, 85% of whom were diagnosed with failed back surgery syndrome. Medical history and demographic data were collected as part of an initial assessment along with patient responses to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the visual analogue pain rating scale (VAS), the McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Sickness Impact Profile. Treatment outcomes were examined and found to improve significantly after 3 months of stimulation. Subsequent regression analysis revealed that patient age, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory depression subscale D, and the evaluative subscale of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQe) were important predictors of posttreatment pain status. Increased patient age and D subscale scores correlated negatively with pain status, as measured by the percentage of changes in pretreatment and posttreatment VAS scores, % delta VAS. In contrast, higher MPQe correlated with improved pain status. By the use of the following equation and the definition commonly associated with SCS success (at least 50% decrease in the VAS pain level), the success or failure of 3 months of SCS was correctly predicted in 88% of the study population. Our results suggest that patient age, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory depression, and MPQe may be clinically useful in the prediction of pain status after 3 months of SCS in patients with chronic low back and/or leg pain. % delta VAS = 112.57 - 1.98 (D)-1.68 (Age) + 35.54 (MPQe).
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PMID:Prognostic factors of spinal cord stimulation for chronic back and leg pain. 764 88

Lentinan is a beta 1-->3 glucan isolated from Lentinus edodes (Shiitake mushroom) which has immune modulating properties. We have conducted two phase I/II placebo-controlled trials on a total of 98 patients. In one study at the San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), ten patients each were administered 2, 5, or 10 mg of lentinan or placebo i.v. once a week for eight weeks. In the second study at the Community Research Initiative in New York (CRI), two groups of 20 patients each were administered 1 or 5 mg of lentinan i.v. twice a week for 12 weeks, and ten patients were administered placebo (vehicle containing mannitol plus dextran 40) i.v. twice a week. Entry criteria were an HIV positive test, CD4 levels of 200-500 cells, age 18-60 years, and without current opportunistic infections. This study confirms, in Caucasian subjects also, the good tolerability of lentinan observed in Japanese cancer patients. Side effects were mainly mild, especially when infusion was carried out over a 30-minute period. In the SFGH study, where administration was over a ten minute period, there were nine side effects severe enough to be reported to the FDA (one case each of anaphylactoid reaction, back pain, leg pain, depression, rigor, fever, chills, granulocytopenia and elevated liver enzymes) and there were four patients who discontinued therapy because of side effects. In the CRI study, where infusion was over a 30-minute period, there were no side effects reportable to the FDA and there were four dropouts due to side effects or personal preference. Most side effects resolved promptly after the discontinuation of medication, and all of them were relieved within 24 hours. Patients in the study have shown a trend toward increases in CD4 cells and in some patients neutrophil activity. Because of the small numbers, these values do not have statistical significance. Inasmuch as no side effects such as anemia, leukopenia, pancreatitis or neuropathy were seen, and in view of the positive effects of lentinan on certain surrogate markers (recognizing that these were small studies), we recommended a long-term clinical trial of lentinan in combination with didanosine (ddI) or zidovudine in HIV positive patients. Most patients in these trials did not have measurable p24 levels. In the CRI trials of ten patients with elevated p24 levels, eight on lentinan and two on placebo had decreased p24 levels. Of these decreases, those with lentinan and one with placebo were marked. These results were provocative and needed confirmation. Subsequent to this study, a trial of lentinan in combination with didanosine (ddI) showed a mean increase of 142 CD4 cells/mm3 over a twelve month period, in contrast to a decrease in CD4 cells in patients on ddI alone (Gordon et al. 1995).
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PMID:A placebo-controlled trial of the immune modulator, lentinan, in HIV-positive patients: a phase I/II trial. 1050 66

Tandospirone citrate (tandospirone) is an anti-anxiety drug that acts by combining with serotonin receptor (5-hydroxytryptamine-1 A [5-HT1A]). Recently, there have been a few reports of its potential role in the treatment of cerebellar ataxia. We report the first case of a patient with Machado-Joseph disease in which we successfully treated cerebellar ataxia. In addition, his leg pain, insomnia, anorexia, and depression, which are thought to be related to 5-HT1A receptors, were also remarkably alleviated by treatment with tandospirone.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of tandospirone on ataxia of a patient with Machado-Joseph disease. 1195 22

We described longitudinal changes of movement performance in a population-based sample of women followed from age 70 to 78. We also studied the cross-sectional relationships between medical conditions and movement performance at baseline, and longitudinal relationships between baseline medical conditions and changes of movement performance. Two hundred and thirty-four women aged 70 years participated in the baseline study, and 88 women participated in a follow-up study 8 years later. Movement performance was measured by an optoelectronic test, the postural-locomotor-manual (PLM) test, which objectively and precisely measures the subject's mobility of lower and upper extremities. Information on medical conditions including selected diseases and symptoms were obtained by self-report and/or by physical examination. Movement time (MT), an indicator of the overall movement performance of the PLM test, increased over 8 years. This change was mainly related to prolonged duration of the locomotor phase (walking forward), but not to the duration of the manual phase (goal-directed arm reaching). At baseline, poor PLM performance was related to hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, cerebrovascular diseases, chronic bronchitis, depression, arthritis, dizziness, chest pain, dyspnea, joint problems, leg pain, tiredness, number of diseases and number of symptoms at baseline. Increased MT during follow-up was associated with arthritis and dyspnea at baseline, and newly developed diseases during follow-up. Our study results indicated that 70-year-old women had a general slowing of their movement performance over 8 years. Age-related decrements of movement performance were more striking in the lower extremities than in the upper extremities. Arthritis and dyspnea at baseline, and incident diseases during follow-up were related to this age-related decline of movement performance.
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PMID:A longitudinal study on changes of movement performance and their relation to medical conditions in a female population followed from age 70 to 78. 1284 87

Four hundred and thirty pregnant women were recruited during their second trimester of pregnancy (M=20 weeks). They were designated depressed (N=172) or nondepressed (N=258) on the Structured Clinical Interview of Depression (SCID) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D). They were given a second assessment when they were approximately 32 weeks gestational age. At both assessments they were given self-report measures (CES-D, the State Anxiety Inventory, and the State Anger Inventory) and provided urine samples for assays of cortisol, catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine) and serotonin. They were also given the VITAS scale for lower back pain and leg pain and a sleep disturbance scale. The stability of mood states and biochemistry across pregnancy (20 and 32 weeks) were assessed inasmuch as mood states, and biochemistry have been noted to predict prematurity and low birthweight. Significant correlations were noted for all variables except serotonin. Relationships between mood states and biochemistry were also noted but only between cortisol and depression, cortisol and anxiety, and epinephrine and anxiety. Significant stability was noted between the 20-week measures and the 32-week measures including depression, anxiety, anger, and cortisol. These were, in turn, correlated with each other and with, low back pain, leg pain, and sleep disturbance. These data suggest the stability of mood states and cortisol across pregnancy.
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PMID:Stability of mood states and biochemistry across pregnancy. 1713 81

Although lumbar radicular pain is the most common chronic neuropathic pain syndrome, there have been few randomized studies of drug treatments. We compared the efficacy of morphine (15-90 mg), nortriptyline (25-100 mg), their combination, and a benztropine "active placebo" (0.25-1 mg) in patients with chronic sciatica. Each period consisted of 5 weeks of dose escalation, 2 weeks of maintenance at the highest tolerated doses, and 2 weeks of dose tapering. The primary outcome was the mean daily leg pain score on a 0-10 scale during the maintenance period. Secondary outcomes included a 6-point ordinal global pain relief scale, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Oswestry Back Pain Disability Index (ODI) and the SF-36. In the 28 out of 61 patients who completed the study, none of the treatments produced significant reductions in average leg pain or other leg or back pain scores. Pain reduction, relative to placebo treatment was, 14% for nortriptyline (95% CI=[-2%, 30%]), 7% for morphine (95% CI=[-8%, 22%]), and 7% for the combination treatment (95% CI=[-4%, 18%]). Mean doses were: nortriptyline alone, 84+/-24.44 (SD) mg/day; morphine alone, 62+/-29 mg/day; and combination, morphine, 49+/-27 mg/day plus nortriptyline, 55 mg+/-33.18 mg/day. Over half of the study completers reported some adverse effect with morphine, nortriptyline or their combination. Within the limitations of the modest sample size and high dropout rate, these results suggest that nortriptyline, morphine and their combination may have limited effectiveness in the treatment of chronic sciatica.
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PMID:Morphine, nortriptyline and their combination vs. placebo in patients with chronic lumbar root pain. 1718 83

This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in persons suffering from pain symptoms in various locations, both with and without comorbid somatic disorders and to analyze the single and combined effects of MDD, pain symptoms and somatic disorders on general functioning in the community. The 12-month prevalence of MDD, somatic disorders and pain symptoms, grouped according to location, were determined among 4181 participants from a community sample. Depression was assessed utilising the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Pain symptoms were self-reported by participants whereas medical diagnoses were validated by medical examinations. General functioning was evaluated utilising the established MOS-SF-36 scale. The prevalence of MDD was significantly increased for persons with pain in any location. In the absence of a somatic disorder, MDD prevalence was highest in persons with abdominal/chest pain (9.3%) and arm or leg pain (7.9%) and lowest in persons with back pain (6.2%). Mental and physical well-being were lowest for persons with both MDD and a somatic disorder, irrespective of pain locations. Increasing numbers of pain locations impaired mental and physical well-being across all groups, but the effect on mental well-being was most marked in participants with MDD and comorbid somatic disorders. The presence of pain increases risk of associated MDD. The number of pain locations experienced, rather than the specific location of pain, has the greatest impact on general functioning. Not only chronic pain, but pain of any type may be an indicator of MDD and decreased general functioning.
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PMID:Combined effects of major depression, pain and somatic disorders on general functioning in the general adult population. 1825 71

This review covers research from the last 5 years on the most popular complementary and alternative therapies used during pregnancy and labor and potential underlying biological bases for their effects. MEDLINE was searched and papers were reviewed for the most popular complementary and alternative therapies used during pregnancy and labor, including massage therapy, acupuncture, relaxation, yoga, and exercise. The pregnancy research generally suggests that alternative therapies have been effective for reducing pregnancy-related back and leg pain and nausea and for reducing depression and cortisol levels and the associated prematurity rate. The labor research generally shows that alternative therapies reduce pain and thereby the need for medication. Although the literature suggests positive effects of alternative therapies for pregnancy and labor and some potential biological mechanisms, the research has several methodological limitations.
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PMID:Pregnancy and labor alternative therapy research. 1916 Oct 42

Prenatally depressed women (N=47) were randomly assigned to a group that received massage twice weekly from their partners from 20 weeks gestation until the end of pregnancy or a control group. Self-reported leg pain, back pain, depression, anxiety and anger decreased more for the massaged pregnant women than for the control group women. In addition, the partners who massaged the pregnant women versus the control group partners reported less depressed mood, anxiety and anger across the course of the massage therapy period. Finally, scores on a relationship questionnaire improved more for both the women and the partners in the massage group. These data suggest that not only mood states but also relationships improve mutually when depressed pregnant women are massaged by their partners.
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PMID:Massage therapy reduces pain in pregnant women, alleviates prenatal depression in both parents and improves their relationships. 1908 66


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