Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nocturnal eating is common among obese patients prior to bariatric surgery. Little is known about the relationship between nocturnal eating, eating-related and general psychopathology, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). A group of 148 obese patients (mean BMI 49.3, SD 7.8) prior to bariatric surgery were investigated. We compared patients who reported nocturnal eating at least once in the last 4 weeks with patients without nocturnal eating episodes. Patients completed a battery of questionnaires assessing eating related and general psychopathology and quality of life. Twenty-nine (19.6%) patients reported nocturnal eating (eating after waking up at night) during the last 28 nights, men and women did not differ in frequency of nocturnal eating. Patients with nocturnal eating reported a significantly higher BMI (kg/m(2)), more feelings of hunger, and significantly more impairment in the mental aspects of HRQOL. The other measures of HRQOL showed only minor differences. Measures of general psychopathology (depression and anxiety) also differed significantly with nocturnal eating patients reporting significantly more impairment. Binge eating disorder and nocturnal eating showed no association.
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PMID:[Nocturnal eating in obese patients prior to bariatric surgery]. 1794 8

The aims of the study were to test the hypotheses that some symptoms of starvation/severe dietary restraint are interpreted by patients with eating disorders in terms of control. Sixty-nine women satisfying the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV edition (DSM-IV) criteria for a clinical eating disorder and 107 controls participated in the study. All the participants completed an ambiguous scenarios paradigm, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Significantly more eating disorder patients than non clinical participants interpreted the starvation/dietary restraint symptoms of hunger, heightened satiety, and dizziness in terms of control. The data give further support to the recent cognitive-behavioural theory of eating disorders suggesting that eating disorder patients interpret some starvation/dietary restraint symptoms in terms of control.
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PMID:The interpretation of symptoms of starvation/severe dietary restraint in eating disorder patients. 1798 34

Neuromedin beta (NMB) is a member of the bombesin-like peptide family expressed in brain, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adrenals and adipose tissue. The aim of our study was to compare the frequency of P73T polymorphism in overweight and obese patients (37 men: age 50.6+/-11.7 years, BMI 41.1+/-7.8 kg/m(2); 255 women: age 49.0+/-11.9 years, BMI 37.9+/-6.8 kg/m(2)) with that of healthy normal weight subjects (51 men: age 28.2+/-7.1 years, BMI 22.3+/-2.0 kg/m(2); 104 women: age 29.1+/-9.1 years, BMI 21.5+/-1.9 kg/m(2)) and to investigate the polymorphism's influence on anthropometric, nutritional and psychobehavioral parameters in overweight/obese patients both at the baseline examination and at a control visit carried out 2.5 years later, regardless of the patient s compliance with the weight reduction program. No significant differences in the genotype distribution were demonstrated between normal weight and overweight/obese subjects. Male T allele non-carriers compared to T allele carriers had higher energy (p=0.009), protein (p=0.018) and fat (p=0.002) intakes and hunger score (p=0.015) at the beginning of treatment. Male T allele non-carriers had a more favorable response to weight management at the follow-up, as they exhibited a significant reduction in waist circumference, energy intake and depression score as well as a significant increase in dietary restraint. No significant differences between carriers and non-carriers were demonstrated in women at the baseline examination. Both female T allele carriers and non-carriers demonstrated similar significant changes in nutritional parameters and in restraint score at the follow-up. Nevertheless, only female non-carriers showed a significant decrease in the hunger score.
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PMID:Neuromedin beta: P73T polymorphism in overweight and obese subjects. 1827 93

The objective of this study was to identify mechanisms through which valproic acid (VPA) causes weight gain. Healthy participants (N = 52) were randomized to VPA or placebo in a double-blind study. Energy intake (EI) was measured in the laboratory at lunch and dinner, and physical activity (PA) was measured with accelerometry. Glucose levels and hormones [Peptide YY(3-36), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, ghrelin, insulin] that regulate EI were measured. Assessments occurred at baseline and week 3. Change from baseline was evaluated with mixed models (alpha = 0.05). Weight significantly increased in the VPA group (+0.49 kg), but not the placebo group. The VPA group increased fast food fats cravings and decreased glucose levels compared with placebo. Change in weight, EI and PA did not differ by group. Within group analyses indicated that the VPA group increased PA, hunger, binge eating, depression and GLP-1. VPA-associated weight gain is not likely due to changes in PA or the gut hormones studied. Although EI did not increase when measured after 3 weeks of treatment, VPA decreased glucose levels and increased motivation to eat; hence, EI might have increased in the short-term. Research testing VPA on short-term (1 week) EI, metabolism, and substrate partitioning is warranted.
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PMID:Effect of valproic acid on body weight, food intake, physical activity and hormones: results of a randomized controlled trial. 1858 34

In the Western world, consumption of soft drinks has increased the last three decades and is partly responsible for the epidemic-like increase in obesity. Soft drinks, originally sweetened by sucrose, are now sweetened by other caloric sweeteners, such as fructose. In this study, we investigated the short-term effect of sucrose, glucose or fructose solutions on food intake and body weight in rats, and on peripheral and central appetite signals. Rats received water containing either of the sugars and standard rat chow for two weeks. Rats receiving water alone and standard chow were controls. All rats offered the sugar solutions increased their total caloric intake. The increased caloric intake occurred despite the fact that the rats offered either of the sugar solutions consumed less chow. As a consequence of the increased caloric intake, the sugar-drinking rats had elevated serum levels of free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol. In addition, consuming sugar solutions resulted in increased serum leptin, decreased serum PYY and down-regulated hypothalamic NPY mRNA. Serum ghrelin was increased in rats receiving fructose solution. Moreover, consumption of sucrose or fructose solution resulted in up-regulated hypothalamic CB1 mRNA. Hypothalamic POMC mRNA was down-regulated in rats receiving glucose or fructose. In conclusion, consumption of glucose, sucrose or fructose solution results in caloric overconsumption and body weight gain through activation of hunger signals and depression of satiety signals as well as activation of reward components. The weight-promoting effect of these sugar solutions may possibly be ameliorated by the down-regulation of NPY mRNA and increased serum leptin.
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PMID:Effects of sucrose, glucose and fructose on peripheral and central appetite signals. 1862 77

Sub-Saharan Africa contains over 60% of the world's HIV infections and Zambia is among the most severely affected countries in the region. As antiretroviral programs have been rapidly expanding, the long-term success of these programs depends on a good understanding of the behavioral determinants of acceptance and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The study used qualitative methods to gain local insight into potentially important factors affecting HIV-infected women's decision to accept or continue with ART. Some of the barriers identified by this study are consistent with factors cited in the existing adherence literature from both developed and developing nations such as side effects, hunger and stigma; other factors have not been previously reported. One major theme was unfamiliarity with the implications of having a chronic, potentially deadly disease. Other emerging themes from this study include the complicated effect of ART on interpersonal relationship, particularly between husbands and wives, the presence of depression and hopelessness, and lack of accurate information. The results suggest that the reasons for non-uptake of treatment include issues related to local cultural frameworks (e.g., illness ideology), mental and behavioral health (e.g., depression and/or interpersonal challenges), stigma, and motivating factors (e.g., values of church or marriage) of different cultures that affect the ability and willingness to take life-saving medicine for a long period of time. Qualitative studies are critical to better understand why ART eligible individuals are choosing not to initiate or continue treatment to achieve needed adherence levels.
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PMID:Barriers to acceptance and adherence of antiretroviral therapy in urban Zambian women: a qualitative study. 1908 23

Energy-restricted low glycemic load diets are being used increasingly for weight loss. However, the long-term effects of such regimens on mood and cognitive performance are not known. We assessed the effects of low glycemic load (LG) and high glycemic load (HG) energy-restricted diets on mood and cognitive performance during 6 months of a randomized controlled trial when all food was provided. Subjects were 42 healthy overweight adults (age 35+/-5 years; BMI 27.8+/-1.6 kg/m(2)) with a mean weight loss of 8.7+/-5.0% that did not differ significantly by diet randomization. Mood was assessed by using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. Cognitive performance was assessed by using computerized tests of simple reaction time, vigilance, learning, short-term memory and attention, and language-based logical reasoning. Worsening mood outcome over time was observed in the HG diet group compared to the LG for the depression subscale of POMS (p=0.009 after including hunger as a covariate). There was no significant change over time in any cognitive performance values. These findings suggest a negative effect of an HG weight loss diet on sub-clinical depression but, in contrast to a previous suggestion, provide no support for differential effects of LG versus HD diets on cognitive performance.
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PMID:Long-term effects of provided low and high glycemic load low energy diets on mood and cognition. 1957 15

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between patterns of meal replacement (MR) adherence and changes in outcomes during a behaviorally-oriented weight loss program. Data from the present study are based on sixty female participants (age: 29-62 years, BMI: 27.99-37.50 kg/m(2)). Participants were randomized into either a control or experimental condition, which tested the use of MRs during weight loss maintenance. Outcome measures included body weight, depression, physical activity, cognitive restraint, disinhibition, hunger, and binge eating collected at four assessment points. Within the experimental condition, we further examined adherence to MRs and its relationship with the outcome measures. We found evidence of differences at baseline on some measures (e.g., weight, physical activity and depression) while on others (cognitive restraint, disinhibition, and hunger), differences that emerged over the course of treatment. Further research is necessary to determine if there are measures associated with successful MR use that can be detected at baseline and if MR adherence itself leads to changes in eating behavior.
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PMID:A randomized trial examining differential meal replacement adherence in a weight loss maintenance program after one-year follow-up. 1966 1

Previous studies have shown that several physiological and psychological conditions, such as hyperglycemia, diabetic neuropathy, sleep apnea syndrome and depression, may cause sleep disturbances, insomnia in diabetic patients. On the other hand, epidemiological evidences are indicating that chronic partial sleep loss may increase the risk of diabetes. Laboratory studies have shown that sleep restriction is associated with an increase in sympathetic nervous activity and a decrease in insulin sensitivity without adequate compensation in beta-cell function, resulting in an impact on glucose homeostasis and an elevated risk of diabetes. Sleep curtailment is also associated with a dysregulation of the neuroendocrine control of appetite, with a reduction of the satiety factor, leptin, and an increase in hunger-promoting hormone, ghrelin. The adverse impact of sleep deprivation on energy homeostasis is likely to be driven by increased activity of neuronal populations expressing in orexin system that promotes waking, feeding and energy-expenditure.
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PMID:[Insomnia in diabetes]. 1976 35

HIV/AIDS is concentrated among the inner-city poor and poverty may directly interfere with HIV treatment. This study examined food insufficiency in relation to HIV-related health and treatment. A sample of 344 men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Atlanta, Georgia completed measures of food security, health, and HIV disease progression and treatment. HIV treatment adherence was monitored using unannounced pill counts. Results showed that half of people living with HIV/AIDS in this study lacked sufficient food, and food insufficiency was associated with multiple indicators of poor health, including higher HIV viral loads, lower CD4 cell counts, and poorer treatment adherence. Adjusted analyses showed that food insufficiency predicted HIV treatment non-adherence over and above years of education, employment status, income, housing, depression, social support, and non-alcohol substance use. Hunger and food insecurity are prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS, and food insufficiency is closely related to multiple HIV-related health indicators, particularly medication adherence. Interventions that provide consistent and sustained meals to people living with HIV/AIDS are urgently needed.
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PMID:Health and treatment implications of food insufficiency among people living with HIV/AIDS, Atlanta, Georgia. 2041 78


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