Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, drug interactions, efficacy, and dosage and administration of the new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors paroxetine, sertraline, and fluvoxamine are reviewed. Paroxetine, sertraline, and fluvoxamine all have large volumes of distribution and are highly bound to plasma proteins. In contrast to fluoxetine, these three drugs possess shorter elimination half-lives of approximately one day and are metabolized to clinically inactive compounds. Nausea was the most commonly reported adverse effect for all three agents. Other reported adverse effects are headache, sedation, dry mouth, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, and constipation. Because of their favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, paroxetine, sertraline, and fluvoxaetine are less likely than fluoxamine to interact with other drugs. Paroxetine has been found to be superior to placebo and equivalent to amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, and doxepin in treatment of depression. Sertraline has been found to be superior to placebo and equivalent to amitriptyline in treatment of depression. Fluvoxamine has been found to be superior to placebo and equivalent to imipramine, clomipramine, desipramine, mianserin, and maprotiline in the treatment of depression. Fluvoxamine and sertraline have been shown to be superior to placebo in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Clinical experience has demonstrated all three drugs to be effective in treatment of depression. They may be especially useful in elderly patients, in those who cannot tolerate alternative treatments, and in those who do not respond to adequate trials of other antidepressant therapies.
 ...
PMID:Paroxetine, sertraline, and fluvoxamine: new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. 146 19

An on-going multi-centre, double-blind, parallel-group study is being carried out to compare the efficacy and tolerability of sustained-release (SR) formulations of etodolac and diclofenac in patients with degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis) of the knee. An interim analysis of the findings has been made for 64 patients from two centres which have now completed their part in the study. Thirty-two patients were randomly assigned to receive 600 mg etodolac SR once daily for 4 weeks; the remaining 32 patients received 100 mg diclofenac SR. Primary efficacy assessments rated on a 5-point categorical scale were patient and physician overall assessments of the patient's condition, night pain and pain intensity. Secondary efficacy parameters included weight-bearing pain, stiffness duration, joint tenderness on pressure, degree of swelling and erythema, degree of knee flexion and time to walk 15 metres. The results showed that for both etodolac SR and diclofenac SR treatment groups there was an improvement from baseline in all efficacy parameters at the last visit and no statistically significant difference was observed between treatments. However, although not statistically significant, the improvement rate in the patient's condition at Week 2 was slightly greater in the etodolac SR treatment group, suggesting that improvement may occur more rapidly with etodolac SR than with diclofenac SR. With regard to tolerability, 5 patients in the etodolac SR treatment group and 3 in the diclofenac SR group withdrew from the study because of adverse reactions. Two events (dyspepsia and mouth ulceration) in the etodolac SR group and 4 events (headache, glossitis, depression and insomnia) in the diclofenac SR group were considered to be definitely drug-related. Dyspepsia was reported by 3 patients (1 withdrawal) treated with etodolac SR and by 4 patients (2 withdrawals) treated with diclofenac SR. A statistically significant decrease was observed in haemoglobin and haematocrit values after 4 weeks of treatment in the diclofenac SR group, but this was not considered to be clinically important. In addition, there were no clinically significant changes in blood chemistry and urinalysis for either treatments. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that 600 mg etodolac SR once daily for 4 weeks is effective in the treatment of patients with degenerative joint disease of the knee, as is 100 mg diclofenac SR. In addition, both drugs have comparable tolerability profiles.
 ...
PMID:Double-blind comparison of etodolac SR and diclofenac SR in the treatment of patients with degenerative joint disease of the knee. 146 39

Depression is a common concomitant of headache. Conflict with regard to anger or the expression of anger has also been discussed in terms of its relationships to headache. The direction of the relationship between headaches and depression and/or anger is not clear from available research literature. Thus, the present study proposed to examine the interrelationships among measures of anger expression, depression and self-reported disability in a sample of chronic headache patients. It was predicted that there would be significant correlations between depression and perceived disability, and anger held in and perceived disability. Finally, it was predicted that anger held in would be shown to impact perceived disability by way of its relationship to depression. Path analysis was employed to investigate the relationships among the variables. Results showed a significant and positive relationship between depression and perceived disability, which supported the first hypothesis. Anger expression was not significantly related to perceived disability. Therefore, the second hypothesis was not supported. Anger-in, however, was strongly and positively related to depression. Although the causal direction of the relationships cannot be stated with certainty, the suppression of anger appears to be a moderating variable that amplifies the experience of depression among chronic headache patients.
Headache 1992 Nov
PMID:The relationship of anger, depression, and perceived disability among headache patients. 146 8

The efficacy of tizanidine in chronic tension-type headache was compared with placebo in a randomized, double-blind and cross-over study in 37 women aged 20 to 59 years with a history of headache for 7 months to 30 years (median 5 years). The treatment periods were 6 weeks with an intervening 2 week wash-out period. The treatment was started with 6 mg/day divided into three doses, and the daily dose could be increased to 18 mg/day depending on the treatment response. The effect of the treatment was measured by visual analogue scale, verbal rating scale, number of days free of headache, number of analgesics needed, and the dose of trial medication needed. In all these measurements, tizanidine was statistically significantly more effective than placebo. The pre-trial Beck Depression Inventory score did not predict the response to treatment, neither did the level of electromyographic activity of the trapezius muscle. Side-effects, drowsiness and dry mouth were significantly more common during tizanidine treatment but they were usually mild. The results of the present trial suggest that tizanidine is effective in the treatment of chronic tension-type headache in women.
Headache 1992 Nov
PMID:Tizanidine in chronic tension-type headache: a placebo controlled double-blind cross-over study. 146 11

The purpose of this pilot study was to describe the 3-year experience of ambulatory medical care provided by one family physician in an Army community hospital. Data collected at each outpatient visit included the patient's age, race, gender, problems actively addressed, and procedures. There were 7,895 outpatient visits, representing 3,665 patients and 2,292 families. Of the 13,158 problems recorded, the 10 most frequent were pregnancy care, general medical examination, alcohol and tobacco use, hypertension, depression/anxiety, contraception, otitis media, acute upper respiratory infection, vaginitis, and headache. Further studies should be done to validate this pilot study.
 ...
PMID:The content of outpatient family practice care in an Army community hospital: one physician's three-year experience. 147 Mar 54

Internal noise related mainly to the activities and overcrowding of schools is the main source of teachers' discomfort. It causes negative feelings and generates various hindrances at work in 80.2% of women and 67% of men. for a substantial part of the teachers' milieu (42.1% of women and 32.3% of men), noise is the dominant element among the whole complex of adverse professional factors. In schools with a higher noise level, the number of teachers assessing negatively the acoustic climate of schools increases, and the intensity of discomfort is enhanced. This is associated with awareness of excessive vocal effort, as well as with intensification of discomfort symptoms and of negative emotions. The group of teachers working under more adverse acoustic conditions is characterized by higher incidence of irritation states, deconcentration of attention, sleepiness, tiredness, depression and headaches. Moreover, there are symptoms on the part of the cardio-vascular, upper respiratory and digestive system, as well as signs of neurosis. Some of these health problems are intensified in smokers.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of school noise by teachers and assessment of its effect on health and general feeling]. 147 Aug 67

The aim of this study was to verify long-term therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of dihydroergocristine (DHEC, CAS 17479-19-5) in a double blind placebo controlled study, in elderly patients with psychosyndrome characterized by memory and behaviour impairment. Two hundred patients, aged more than 65 years, were randomly divided into two groups of one hundred each. The first group received one 6-mg DHEC tablet daily for four months and the other group received placebo. The evaluation parameter for efficacy was the neuropsychological test SCAG (Scale of Clinical Assessment for Geriatrics), administered before and after 30, 60 and 120 days. The results showed a significant difference between DHEC and placebo with regard to total and partial scores of SCAG as well as to single items (mental alertness, recent memory, disorientation, anxiety, mood depression, emotional lability, motivation, uncooperativeness, fatigue, headache, tinnitus). After as few as thirty days of DHEC treatment the severity of mental and psychological symptoms was markedly decreased (p vs placebo < 0.01), as documented by significant positive changes of SCAG items. The four-month double blind period was followed by a two-month single blind period, during which patients of both groups received placebo. At the end of these two months, SCAG total score was unfavourably increased in patients previously administered DHEC, although scores were still significantly lower both versus baseline and versus previous placebo patients. Safety was good (placebo: one case of diarrhea; DHEC: one case of gastralgia and dizziness). Nine patients dropped out for reasons unrelated to treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Controlled study of the effect of dihydroergocristine on organic brain psychosyndrome]. 149 63

For several years, cerebral blood flow (CBF) studies have been fueling the controversy surrounding the pathophysiology of migraine headache. The earliest studies focused mainly on migraine with aura (MA+) and provided evidence in support of the classical hemodynamic theory: a decrease in blood flow during the aura is followed by reactive vasodilation during the headache phase. Studies in migraine without aura (MA-), although less numerous, consistently demonstrated an increase in CBF during the attack. Olesen et al., gave rise to a heated debate by suggesting that hemodynamic manifestations are different in MA+ and MA-; in their view, CBF remains unchanged in MA-, whereas MA+ is associated with a wave of posterior blood flow deficiency which slowly spreads forwards in a manner reminiscent of experimental spreading depression; they interpret this hemodynamic pattern as evidence that the attack is mainly caused by a neural mechanism rather than a vascular spasm. This concept of MA- with no hemodynamic changes suggests that the pathophysiology of MA- may be completely different from that of MA+. However, most studies using stationary detectors or single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) with Xenon 133 or HMPAO as the tracer have demonstrated increased CBF during migraine attacks. The increase was not correlated with the side of the pain suggesting that vasodilatation is not the only cause of the pain. Current data do not seem to support the view that MA- and MA+ are different pathophysiologic entities; whether the mechanism of the attack is neural or vascular cannot be determined on the basis of CBF data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Cerebral blood flow in migraine without aura]. 149 16

The diagnosis of PMS depends on the identification of a core symptom complex, including behavioral symptoms of either irritability, accompanied by an internal state of anxiety or depression, and fatigue. (Fatigue is the most common symptom of PMS.) At least one core physical symptoms, bloating of the abdomen or extremities, breast tenderness, and headache also is required to establish the diagnosis. Although these core symptoms are required, none is pathognomonic for the disorder and the timing of the symptoms with respect to the menstrual cycle also must be established. This can only be done accurately using valid and reliable prospective recording instruments, such as COPE. Personality factors, the degree of psychosocial stress faced by the woman, and biochemical markers have little utility in establishing the diagnosis. The literature with respect to the prevalence of PMS in the population, effective treatments for the disorder, and the diagnosis of the disease must be interpreted by recognizing the inclusion in these studies of women with comorbid psychiatric disease, invalid and unreliable symptom inventories, and inadequate characterization of menstrual cycle phases. There are sociologic reasons why the true prevalence and treatment response to interventions may not be seen by the clinician. Nonetheless, the availability of effective treatment for the disorder necessitates accurate diagnosis of the syndrome based on the strict criteria presented. Additional research founded on the development of psychoneuroendocrine models is likely to provide insight into both the pathophysiology and treatment alternatives for PMS.
 ...
PMID:Issues in the diagnosis and research of premenstrual syndrome. 152 87

A study of 28 patients aged between 13-18 years with chronic daily headache revealed that 86% of them were diagnosed as depressed based upon psychological evaluation. Instruments that were best able to evaluate depression in this population were identified. These tended to be more projective in nature since teenagers typically did not readily admit to being depressed. A treatment model utilizing antidepressant medication prophylactically, biofeedback, and psychotherapy is proposed in order to alleviate depression and help achieve normal functioning as quickly as possible.
Headache 1992 Jul
PMID:Depression in adolescent headache patients. 152 64


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>