Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The isometric responses of the medial gastrocnemium (MG), soleus (SOL) and anterior tibial (TA) muscles to single shocks and different modes of repetitive stimulation were studied in kittens of varying postnatal ages and in adult cats. The postnatal decrease in time-to-peak and half-relaxation time of the twitch contractions were similar for the MG and TA muscles and adult values were attained at around 6-7 weeks of age. The SOL muslce displayed a transient decrease in contraction time during the first postnatal weeks, followed later by a slowing towards adult values. The susceptibility to fatigue during iterative stimulation was smallest in the SOL at all ages studied, and usually largest in TA. It changed only little for the MG and SOL postnatally while increasing markedly for the TA up until 6-7 weeks of age. Tetanic contraction resulted in similar depressions in contractile tension of all three muscles in the youngest kittens, but the SOL displayed a greater ability to recover from this depression than the MG and, in particular, the TA muscles. Tetanus resistance increased postnatally and adult responses were attained at 6-7 weeks of age.
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PMID:The postnatal development of some twitch and fatigue properties of the ankle flexor and extensor muscles of the cat. 118 26

Polymyalgia rheumatica should be considered when a syndrome of constitutional symptoms, especially weight loss, low-grade fever, weakness, wasting proximal muscles, fatigue, malaise and depression, is seen in the elderly. Giant-cell arteritis plays a part later in the course. Thus the need for biopsy of a long segment of the temporal artery to help in determining diagnosis and therapy. An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is an important clue. The usual high value is about 80 mm/hour; if it is over 100 mm/hour, giant-cell arteritis should be suspected. Salicylates, indomethacin, phenylbutazone and hydroxychloroquine produce some clinical improvement but do not lower the high ESR; moreover, the patients are prone to experience relapses. Prednisone, however, not only produces clinical improvement but lowers the high ESR. Potassium p-aminobenzoate may be useful in maintaining the remission.
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PMID:Polymyalgia rheumatica. 124 88

Associations between the psychological and pulmonary effects of breathing intermittent oxygen at 2 ATA were examined among four experienced divers. A fifth diver, who served as a control, breathed only normoxic nitrogen. Psychological tests included digit span, short-term memory for easy and difficult word associations, simple and complex psychomotor performance, and reported moods. The criterion of oxygen toxicity was the total hours of intermittent oxygen exposure tolerated before developing a 10% reduction in vital capacity. Short-term memory for difficult word associations and self-reported moods of Activity, Depression, Fatigue, and Happiness were found to be significantly correlated with this criterion of oxygen toxicity. Part of the impairment found on these measures, however, was probably related to the absence of adequate sleep and rest as evidenced by the worsened performance of the control diver over the 15-h testing period. The results replicated the findings of earlier research on the psychological effects of continuous oxygen breathing under hyperbaric conditions and at 1 ATA, and may indicate that oxygen intesifies the effects of other stressors such as fatigue. In addition, the results showed that reported moods may be important indicators of impending pulmonary toxicity during intermittent oxygen exposure.
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PMID:Associations between psychological factors and pulmonary toxicity during intermittent oxygen breathing at 2 ATA. 125 11

Nineteen patients, each hospitalized with a major depressive episode, were deprived of sleep for one night. Ten patients responded with clear improvement in depressive symptoms; the substantial clinical change was transient, usually lasting one day. Those who responded had significantly higher initial depression ratings (P less than .01) and tended to be older than nonresponders who experienced mild increases in irritability, fatigue, and discomfort following sleep deprivation. Amine metabolites, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), and homovanillic acid (HVA) were not substantially affected by sleep deprivation, although there was a significant interaction of clinical response and direction of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) change. Sleep deprivation thus produces acute, but only transient improvement in a selected group of severely depressed patients; it appears to be an important tool in the study of the affective disorders.
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PMID:Effects of sleep deprivation on mood and central amine metabolism in depressed patients. 126 78

Information on smoking habits and a subjective self-estimate of general state of health was collected by means of a questionnaire from 400 conscripts in Northern Finland. The data were treated by factor analysis. Long-term fatigue, frequent headache, insomnia and occasional depression were less frequent among non-smokers than among smokers.
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PMID:Smoking and the subjective health condition among Finnish military conscripts. 127 47

This article reviewed Definition of CFS proposed by CDC 1988. There are several issues in Definition for CFS of CDC. It is presented that other chronic clinical conditions have been satisfactorily excluded, including preexisting psychiatric diseases in (2) of major criteria. However, fibromyalgia can not be excluded from the fifth symptom of minor criteria, myalgia, and also depression from the ninth symptom. It is practically difficult to define impairment of average daily activity below 50% of the patient's premorbid activity level for a period of at least 6 months, as shown in (1) of major criteria, and it is not adapted for a first visit patient. Definition for CFS of CDC has been discussed on EBV infection, but not written on postviral fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis. Especially whether epidemic type of CFS is present or not was not discussed. Diagnostic criteria of CFS is necessary for clinical practice.
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PMID:[Definition of the chronic fatigue syndrome and its issues]. 128 35

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is easily differentiated from various neurological organic disorders by conventional clinical examinations. The most important disease for distinguishment from CFS is fibromyalgia syndrome, in which the prominent and cardinal feature is a deprivation of stage 4 slow wave sleep. Experimentally, the sleep disturbance in controls can induce general myalgia, muscle tender points, severe fatigue and stiffness on awakening. The EEG abnormality is slow alpha wave contaminants on slow wave background, which is identical to EEG of CFS. The results clearly imply that CFS is not a hysterical or psychogenic disease, and that fibromyalgia may be a central fundamental of CFS. Fibromyalgia, however, has distinct features such as no antecedent inflammatory process and no endemics. Therefore, the syndrome has features distinct from, in addition to common features to CFS. It is also very difficult to distinguish CFS from depression. The above-mentioned features can be observed in depression. Now, study of brain blood flow or metabolism by PET or SPECT can be a possible tool for establishment of the CFS identity.
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PMID:[Neuro-psychiatric aspects of chronic fatigue syndrome]. 128 39

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by unexplained, debilitating fatigue or easy fatigability lasting longer than six months. While a number of clinical trials have been performed in CFS patients, there is currently no established therapy for CFS. Treatment with acyclovir of CFS patients is ineffective. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy appears to be effective, though the results are controversial. Antidepressants might help the associated depression and anxiety but not other symptoms. Trials with magnesium have improved the well-being of patients. Restoration of NK activity by biological response modifiers, such as sizofirann, resulted in restoration of NK cell activity and recovery from CFS. Taken together, immunological abnormalities may be involved in CFS, and its restoration may produce clinical benefit in CFS.
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PMID:[Therapy of chronic fatigue syndrome]. 128 42

The female climacteric is attributed to physiological ovarian failure with the consequent decrease in the secretions of oestrogen, progestones and androgens. Numerous metabolic, psychological and physical changes have been associated with this event. Oral discomfort, including the burning mouth syndrome and the dry mouth syndrome, has been described as a menopausal symptom. However, the relationship between the hormonal changes related to climacteric and the onset of oral discomfort is still controversial. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral symptoms, with particular regard to burning sensation, xerostomia, altered taste and recurrent oral ulcerations. The relationship between oral and climacteric symptoms and psychological status of the patients was also evaluated. A questionnaire was administered to 136 women (mean age: 51.2 years, range 40-62) being consecutively referred to the University Hospital Menopause Clinic from October 1991 to March 1992. The questionnaire included informations regarding menopausal state, oral symptoms, drug assumption, wearing of partial or total dentures, parafunctions (lip and cheek biting, bruxism, tongue thrusting). Climacteric symptoms including flushes/sweats, palpitations, headache, arthralgia/myalgia, vaginal dryness, decreased concentration, tiredness, decreased libido, insomnia, vertigo were evaluated. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used where appropriate. Information regarding the alteration of the psychological status was collected by means of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Statistical analysis was performed by chi 2 test or Fisher's Exact Probability Test and Mann-Whitney U-test. The level of significance accepted was 5%. The subjects in this study were divided into two groups on the basis of their answers to the questionnaire: group I (no. 39), premenopausal women; group II (no. 97), menopausal women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Oral symptoms in the climacteric. A prevalence study]. 129 73

Clinical observations have suggested that lithium may exert adverse effects on memory. The difficulty in achieving empirical consensus regarding this issue has reflected several methodological problems: diversity of research designs, heterogeneous samples, lack of control groups and the possible confounding of memory test scores by variables such as depression, other acute psychopathologies, organicity, treatment duration, and age. The diversity of memory tests in terms of the complexity and modality of the stimuli as well as the types of memory assessed (immediate, short- and long-term, logical, visuo-practic) has further complicated the comparison of results across studies. Furthermore, the administration of test batteries has been limited by patients' fatigue and the severity of their illness, and by the time required to complete testing. Hence, the use of test norms may be restricted. Suggestions are made for the selection of appropriate memory tests, patients sampling and data analysis. The authors discuss the difficulties inherent in blind studies and in matched-group designs examining the effects of lithium on memory. Conclusions point to the advantages of prospective within-subject designs with repeated testing in which patients serve as their own controls.
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PMID:Lithium treatment and memory assessment: methodology. 129 90


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