Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty one married men, under 65 yr of age, who were admitted to hospital with a suspected myocardial infarction, were interviewed on four occasions over six months. The patients' social and psychological responses during the course of his rehabilitation were elicited using a semistructured interview schedule. Determinants of outcome were assessed using multiple regression analysis. Return to work, exercise, leisure and sexual activity were all strongly influenced by somatic symptoms of chest pain, breathlessness, and tiredness. Lack of depression, not smoking, and support from the family doctor were important contributors to successful rehabilitation. Cardiac damage sustained at the time of admission did not appear to have any consistent influence on outcome. Half of the smokers had not resumed their habit at six months. Fewer men were working at six months than on admission. Somatic symptoms, anxiety and depression were considerable.
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PMID:Social and psychological responses to myocardial infarction: multiple determinants of outcome at six months. 382 Jan 41

In nonanesthetized young pigs, the influence of prednisolone sodium succinate therapy on a 65% lethal dose of Escherichia coli endotoxin was studied by evaluating clinical signs, several hemodynamic variables, survival rate, and changes seen at necropsy. Endotoxin infusion induced reproducible clinical signs characterized by nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, cyanosis, and moderate excitement followed by severe CNS depression. Among the hemodynamic variables, there were decreases in arterial blood pressure and cardiac output and increases in pulmonary arterial pressure, heart rate, and total peripheral and pulmonary vascular resistances. Core temperature and arterial pH did not change significantly. Survival rate at 30 hours after the start of the endotoxin infusion was 35%. According to the necropsy, marked edema and hemorrhages were in several organs. Treating the experimental animals with prednisolone sodium succinate (3 injections of 10 mg/kg of body weight after the start of the endotoxin infusion) did not influence any of the monitored hemodynamic variables, except for arterial blood pressure, which was higher at the end of the hemodynamic recording period (270 minutes after the start of the endotoxin infusion). Clinical signs, survival rate, and changes at necropsy were similar in both treated and nontreated pigs. This lack of effect can be due to an inappropriate dosage of the steroid or failure of steroid treatment to alleviate endotoxin-mediated effects.
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PMID:Endotoxic shock in the awake young pig: absence of beneficial effect of prednisolone sodium succinate treatment. 389 34

The prevalence of depressive and other symptoms were studied in Finnish men aged 65 to 84 years and living either in eastern (n = 310) or in southwestern (n = 378) Finland. The Zung self-rating depression scale showed depressed affect, fatigue and suicidal thoughts to be more common in the east, but indecisiveness to be more prevalent in the south-west. The mean of the sum scores in the Zung scale was 37.8 (+/- 8.4) for the eastern and 37.2 (+/- 8.3) for the south-western population, and no differences were found between the areas in this respect. However, many of the other symptoms, including somatic and psychosomatic (such as pains, dyspnea, nausea, impaired memory, apathy, itching skin and sight disturbances) were more common among men living in eastern Finland. The former findings support the idea that there are differences in the affects between men living in the east and men living in the south-west, but, as a whole, depressive symptoms are equally prevalent in both elderly male populations. The latter finding may reflect the well-known differences in the prevalences of somatic diseases between these two areas.
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PMID:Prevalence of depressive and other symptoms in elderly Finnish men. 396 9

Lung function at rest was assessed in 50 patients before and six months after mitral valve surgery. There were small increases in spirometric volumes (FEV1 and vital capacity) with decreases in total lung capacity and residual volume, but no change in carbon monoxide transfer factor or transfer coefficient (KCO). Progressive exercise tests performed before and after operation in 19 of the patients confirmed an improved exercise capacity after surgery. The patients with the greatest symptomatic improvement in breathlessness were also those who achieved the greatest increase in maximum work load and the greatest decrease in ventilation for a given oxygen consumption. Depression of the ST segment of the electrocardiogram and frequent ventricular ectopic beats on exercise remained common after surgery and may have been due to digoxin treatment.
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PMID:Effects of mitral valve surgery on static lung function and exercise performance. 397 61

Sixteen Holstein cattle allotted into 4 groups (4 cattle/group) were each given a single oral dosage of 0.2 g of 3-methylindole (3MI)/kg of body weight. The groups were killed at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively, after 3MI administration. Comparison of clinical signs, pathologic pulmonary lesions, and in vitro pulmonary artery responses to pharmacologic stimuli was made between the 4 treated groups and 8 control Holstein cattle of similar age. Clinical signs of pulmonary distress first appeared 8 to 12 hours after 3MI administration. After 20 hours, clinical signs included dyspnea, moderate depression, and a marked expiratory grunt. A partial remission of these clinical signs was seen between 30 and 45 hours after 3MI administration. After remission, the cattle had clinical signs of severe dyspnea and depression and expiratory grunts were more pronounced. Pathologic pulmonary lesions, including heavy rubbery lungs, dilated interlobular septae, and subplural air bullae characteristic of pulmonary edema and interstitial emphysema were observed. The lungs of treated cattle did not collapse when the thorax was incised at necropsy. In vitro pulmonary artery strips contracted dose dependently to norepinephrine (NE). Group I tissues (12 hours after 3MI administration) responded similarly to control samples. Group II tissues (24 hours after 3MI administration) had a significant inhibition (P less than 0.05) in response to NE stimulation as compared with controls.
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PMID:Impairment of sympathetic pulmonary vasoconstriction by 3-methylindole in cattle. 401 39

Fibrinous pericarditis, fibrinous pleuritis and pneumonia associated with Streptococcus zooepidemicus were observed in two lambs in a small flock of sheep. These lesions were reproduced in lambs inoculated intratracheally with Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Clinical signs included pyrexia, serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge, dyspnea and depression followed by death in six to seven days. Histologically the tissue changes were characterized by an acute inflammatory response involving bronchioles and alveoli, fibrinous pleuritis and fibrinous pericarditis.
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PMID:Streptococcus zooepidemicus infection in sheep. 427 67

We have reviewed the histories of 320 patients in whom a diagnosis of coronary heart disease was ultimately established and traced the symptoms back to their first appearance. In 51% the first symptom was effort angina. Difficulties in recognition arose when the symptom was localized to an unusual site, when its occurrence was dependent on a combination of exercise with cold or a recent meal, or when it was induced by excitement rather than by effort. In a quarter of the cases the onset of angina was abrupt, and in these there was usually evidence of acute infarction.In 43% of cases the first symptom was an attack of pain or discomfort in the torso occurring without any discernable precipitating factor. Again, diagnosis was difficult when the pain was in an atypical site and also when it was of brief duration associated with skeletal or abdominal disease which could cause pain at the same site, or if the patient was able to undertake strenuous exertion. In four patients cardiac pain was first experienced during a paroxysm of tachycardia. In 6% of cases the onset was marked by a symptom other than pain-most frequently dyspnoea, tiredness, faintness, or syncope.Clinical examination was of no direct value in diagnosis. Its importance lay in disclosing factors which had to be taken into account in interpreting the electrocardiogram. The electrocardiogram was invaluable, though by no means infallible. In over half of the patients the first tracing showed major abnormalities of coronary type, and nearly a quarter more showed minor S-T/T depression consistent with coronary disease. Ten per cent. showed miscellaneous abnormalities, such as left ventricular hypertrophy or bundle-branch block, and 15% no definite abnormality.There is as yet no completely reliable objective method of diagnosing early coronary heart disease, so that the recognition of symptoms remains of paramount importance.
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PMID:Earliest symptoms of coronary heart disease and their recognition. 502 16

Calcium channel blockers relax the arterial smooth vasculature and lower blood pressure when it is elevated because of excessive vasoconstriction. They may be regarded as ventricular unloading agents. Nifedipine (11 cases, Group 1) and verapamil (12 cases, Group 2) were tested in hypertensive patients with cardiac enlargement (LV diastolic diameter greater than or equal to 60 mm), ECG signs of LV strain, lung congestion and dyspnea at rest, in an acute (nifedipine 20 mg; verapamil 160 mg) and 1-month (nifedipine 20 mg q.i.d.; verapamil 160 mg t.i.d.) therapeutic evaluation. In the acute study nifedipine reduced systemic vascular resistance (SVR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) and LV diastolic diameter (DD) and improved cardiac index (CI) and Vcf. In Group 2 verapamil reduced SVR and MAP, improved CI and was not effective on PWP, LV DD and Vcf. Verapamil was discontinued in 2 patients who developed severe dyspnea at rest after 3-4 days of continued oral treatment. At the end of the trial Vcf, PWP and LV DD were unchanged in the remaining subjects in Group 2 despite persistent pressure reduction. In Group 1 all of the patients had relief of dyspnea and lung congestion, reduction of heart size, persistent decrease of MAP and PWP, and improvement in Vcf. The only side effect was ankle edema in 4 cases. A less potent vasodilating action of verapamil and a predominant depression in cardiac contractility may account for the different results with the two drugs, in spite of a shared antihypertensive effect. These findings prove that functional changes in the failing hypertensive heart may differ after nifedipine compared to verapamil as a result of interaction and relative preponderance of influences on afterload and contractility.
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PMID:Clinical use of calcium channel blockers as ventricular unloading agents. 622 Aug 95

Calcium channel blockers reduce the arterial smooth muscle tone and lower blood pressure. They may be regarded as left ventricular unloading agents. Left ventricular unloading efficacy of nifedipine (15 cases) and verapamil (14 cases) was tested in hypertensive decompensated patients, through one-month treatment period. Nifedipine persistently reduced systemic vascular resistance, mean arterial pressure, mean pulmonary wedge pressure and left ventricular diastolic diameter and improved cardiac index and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening. All of the patients had relief from dyspnea and reduction in heart size. The only side effect was ankle edema in 6 cases. Verapamil reduced systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure and was not effective on mean pulmonary wedge pressure, left ventricular diastolic diameter and velocity circumferential fiber shortening. The drug was discontinued in 2 patients who developed severe dyspnea at rest after a 3-4 day continued oral treatment. Clinical symptoms and signs did not improve in the remaining subjects despite persistent pressure reduction. A less potent vasodilating action of verapamil and a prominent depression in cardiac contractility may account for the different results with the two compounds, in spite of a shared vasodilating antihypertensive effect. These findings prove that functional changes in the failing hypertensive heart may differ from one calcium blocker to another as a result of interaction and relative preponderance of influences on afterload and contractility.
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PMID:Left ventricular unloading with calcium antagonists. 623 2

This trial comprised 40 patients with angina pectoris and reproducible ischaemic ST segment depression in the exercise ECG. Whenever possible the diagnosis of coronary heart disease was confirmed by coronary angiography. After a preliminary 7-day placebo period, 20 of these patients were treated for 4 weeks with 5-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-3, 4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone hydrochloride (carteolol hydrochloride, Endak, Endak mite), a nonselective beta-receptor blocker, having adrenergic properties (ISA) up to 30 times more powerful than those of propranolol. The trial was double-blind and randomized; standard medication (pindolol) was given to the controls. In general, the results obtained with carteolol--and also with pindolol--may be regarded as "good" or "very good". The average weekly incidence of anginal attacks fell from 6 to 4 (p less than 0.05). Carteolol produced a definite decrease in ST segment depression during exercise, at the end of exercise and in the recovery phase (p less than 0.05). The same was true for the patients treated with pindolol. There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups. Pulse rate and systolic blood pressure--measured before exercise and at the end of the recovery phase--did not change; however, readings made at the end of exercise showed a significant decrease (p less than 0.05). Diastolic pressure remained essentially unaltered. There were no changes in the chest radiograph or resting ECG. Laboratory results remained unchanged in both groups. In one patient of each group treatment needed to be discontinued because of dyspnoea, mainly during exercise. This reaction could probably be related to the beta-blocker therapy. The overall response to treatment, as assessed by the physician conducting the trial, was "good" or "very good" in 75% of the patients receiving carteolol and in 70% of those receiving pindolol. 70% of the patients who had received carteolol assessed the therapeutic result as "good" or "very good"; in the pindolol group 55% made the same judgment.
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PMID:The treatment of angina pectoris with the new beta-receptor blocker carteolol. Results of a controlled trial in comparison with pindolol. 634 Jul


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