Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of manifesting carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) were described. Case 1. The 41 year-old woman presented gait disturbance at the age of 40. She had two sons. The first son died of pneumonia soon after birth. The second son developed DMD and died of heart failure when he was 17 years old. Neurological examination revealed mild muscle weakness in neck flexors, gluteus maximus (left side dominance) and hamstrings (right side dominance) as well as bilateral calf pseudohypertrophy. Electromyography showed myopathic changes and serum creatine kinase (CK) was elevated (1941IU/l). The karyotype was 46XX. Computed tomography (CT) of skeletal muscles showed that the following muscles were partly replaced by fatty tissue: bilateral paravertebral muscles, left gluteus maximus, left quadriceps femoris, right adductor magnus, long head of right biceps femoris, bilateral peroneus longus and medial head of left gastrocnemius. Histological examination of left quadriceps femoris revealed only minimal change of focal endomysial proliferation and fiber size variation, demonstrating no necrotic fiber or no abnormalities in fiber type. Case 2. The 42 year-old woman was admitted to the hospital complaining of dyspnea and palpitation. The disease was initially diagnosed as myocardial infarction based on cardiomegaly, ECG abnormality (Q in aVL, V5,6., ST depression and negative T in V5,6, ST elevation in I, aVL) and elevated serum CK. However, the diagnosis was rejected due to the lack of subsequent changes in ECG and the continued elevation of serum CK even after her complaints had disappeared.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Asymmetrical patchy muscle involvement in manifesting carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy--computed tomographical and histological study]. 274 85

Although respiratory regulation has been extensively studied so far, the relation between the vagal nerves and respiratory reflex in man is still open to controversy. This paper describes the effect of bilateral vagal blockade on respiration. 1) Dyspnea due to unilateral bronchial occlusion. This type of dyspnea is caused by extreme depression of the intrabronchial pressure on the occluded side and is accompanied by a rapid increase in respiratory rate and a rapid decrease in tidal volume. This type of dyspnea is relieved by blockade of the ipsilateral cervical vagal nerve. 2) Animal experiments on bilateral lung transplantation, heart-lung transplantation and bilateral cervical vagal blockade. The respiratory changes induced by CO2 inhalation, low O2 inhalation, respiratory stimulant. Loss of blood or fever stimulation in the manipulated dogs were compared with those in normal controls. CO2 inhalation alone produced differences in the respiratory rates and tidal volumes between the two groups. The tidal volume increase under CO2 inhalation was suppressed by the inflation reflex but other afferent vagal nerves seemed to be closely associated with the increased respiratory rate. 3) Vagal nerve reflex in humans. Blockade of the bilateral cervical vagal nerves in an awake state resulted in irregular PETCO2 in cases that had been stable and sometimes produced a pattern of Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Inhalation of 5% CO2 restored the regular rhythm of respiration and enhanced the response to CO2. When subjected to bilateral vagal blockade in an awake state, the patient expressed an unbearbly uneasy dyspneic sensation as if he were pulled into a bottomless abyss. This was demonstrated by the unstable FRC level.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of bilateral vagal blockade on respiration]. 274 66

Results of psychometric tests were obtained on 161 male welders and other tradesmen in heavy industry who had recently been made redundant. Anxiety and depression were scored on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and negative attitudes and beliefs regarding breathlessness and related aspects of respiratory health on a semantic differential scale. Scores for attitudes and beliefs about health and personal disability were pooled to give a general attitude score. Personality was rated on a standard scale. Subjects completed a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and underwent routine spirometry, measurement of carbon monoxide transfer factor for the lung, and a progressive exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Scores for anxiety, depression, and negative mental attitudes were significantly intercorrelated; subjects with disordered personality profiles had above average scores for anxiety and depression. The psychometric scores were associated with clinical grade of breathlessness, lung function, and the physiological response to exercise. The general attitude score could be predicted from the anxiety and depression scores and from lung function expressed relative to age and stature, the combination of mood score and FEV1 explaining 38% of the variance in general attitude score. The general attitude score accounted for more than half the explained variance in the clinical grade of breathlessness and contributed more to the variance in maximal oxygen uptake (R2 = 0.11) than FEV1. It was associated with the level of habitual activity but not with smoking category, wheeze, chronic cough or phlegm. Thus attitude to disability reflected the subject's assessment of his exercise capacity and was closely related to the clinical grade of breathlessness.
 ...
PMID:Relation of lung function and exercise capacity to mood and attitudes to health. 276 39

Five patients with severe chronic lung disease were given placebo or 7.5 mg of clorazepate, a benzodiazepine, at bedtime for two weeks using a double-blind cross-over study design. Exercise tolerance, arterial blood gases, pulmonary function tests, self-rated breathlessness, and self-administered depression and anxiety scores were similar during drug treatment, placebo treatment, and washout periods. Higher doses of clorazepate were not tolerated by three of five patients. Nonanxious patients with chronic lung disease seem not to benefit subjectively or objectively from a low-dose benzodiazepine regimen.
 ...
PMID:Effects of clorazepate on breathlessness and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. 286 26

In eighty patients 15 micrograms kg-1 of vecuronium was given 3 minutes before induction of anesthesia and 50 micrograms kg-1 was given at the time of induction. The trachea was intubated 60 seconds after the second dose. A wide spread of twitch depression was found. The 80 patients were divided into 4 groups retrospectively with respect to the degree of neuromuscular blockade during intubation. Tracheal intubation was performed when the mean twitch depression was 48.8 +/- 11.8 (SD)% and the conditions were satisfactory in 89% of the cases. Intubating conditions were different significantly between the four sub-groups (p less than 0.01). Ptosis occurred in 77 patients, diplopia in 13 patients and dyspnea in 2 patients between the first injection of vecuronium and induction of anesthesia. The administration of vecuronium in divided doses gives satisfactory intubating conditions in the majority of the patients, but close observation between the priming dose and the induction of anesthesia is mandatory. The method is not considered suitable for obese and is probably not indicated in severely ill patients.
 ...
PMID:Pretreatment technique for fast intubation with vecuronium: intubation conditions and unwanted effects. 287 58

Forty-three women admitted for preterm labor had electrocardiograms and serum potassium and glucose levels determined before and two and four hours after the initiation of intravenous ritodrine tocolysis. The ST segment depression found at two and four hours was significant but not dependent upon a fall in potassium or increase in the heart rate or glucose level. Such symptoms as chest pain and dyspnea were also not dependent upon potassium, glucose or heart rate changes. These findings support the concept of an intrinsic drug effect.
 ...
PMID:ST segment depression in paired electrocardiograms and serum electrolytes in pregnant women receiving intravenous ritodrine. 317 84

To determine the prognosis of patients with painless strongly positive exercise electrocardiogram, the 6-year cumulative survival rate was computed for 298 medically treated patients who terminated their exercise test with or without angina. All had horizontal or downsloping ST depression greater than or equal to 2 mm during a treadmill exercise test according to the standardized multistage Bruce protocol. Of the 298 patients, 119 terminated the exercise test because of dyspnea or fatigue and 179 stopped because of angina. Among the 119 patients without angina, there were 18 deaths, 16 from coronary artery disease (CAD), of which 8 occurred suddenly. Among the 179 patients with exercise-induced angina, 36 died, 33 from CAD, of which 13 were sudden deaths. The overall 6-year survival rate was 85 +/- 3% for patients without angina and 80 +/- 3% in those with angina (p less than 0.05). However, patients without angina achieved a significantly longer duration of exercise and had higher maximal heart rate and systolic blood pressure during exercise. In both groups, survival decreased with decreasing duration of exercise. In patients without angina, the 6-year survival rate was 97 +/- 3% in those achieving stage IV (greater than or equal to 541 s), 87 +/- 4% in stage III (361 to 540 s), 64 +/- 13% in stage II (181 to 360 s) and 60 +/- 15% in stage I (less than or equal to 180 s).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Survival with painless strongly positive exercise electrocardiogram. 317 36

We studied the effects of urapidil on bronchospasm, myocardial hypoxia and postural hypotension in experimental animals. Urapidil dose-dependently inhibited bronchospasm induced by histamine in anaesthetized guinea pigs and the contraction of isolated trachea induced by noradrenaline or phenylephrine. Urapidil markedly delayed the appearance of severe dyspnoea induced by histamine aerosol in guinea pigs. Further, urapidil inhibited isoproterenol-induced ST depression in rats and inhibited histamine-induced ST depression in rabbits. The postural hypotension induced by prazosin was greater than that induced by urapidil in equihypotensive doses in conscious rabbits. Urapidil induced a lesser alpha-blockade in the vein than in the artery compared with prazosin. These combined properties of urapidil suggest that the drug is worth investigation in hypertensive patients with bronchial asthma or ischaemic heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacological effects of urapidil on bronchospasm, myocardial hypoxia and postural hypotension in experimental animals. 323 Apr 72

We studied 34 patients with proven coronary heart disease to determine whether the presence or absence of angina pectoris during exercise testing was associated with greater disease, ST segment depression or fall in left ventricular ejection fraction. Angina pectoris was the limiting symptom in 19 and fatigue/breathlessness in 15 patients. Exercise time [421(31) vs. 455(64) s], ST depression [1.4(0.3) vs. 1.1(0.3)mm], fall in left ventricular ejection fraction [13(2) vs. 12(2)] and coronary score and fall in left ventricular ejection fraction [15(2) vs. 8(3), P less than 0.02]. The degree of ST segment depression correlated with the coronary score (r = 0.6) and fall in left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.5). ST segment depression but not angina pectoris during exercise predicted the extent of disease and its functional consequences.
 ...
PMID:Angina pectoris during exercise--relationship to coronary anatomy and myocardial function. 324 51

Experimental and clinical experience with compounds containing antimony have shown that the trivalent compounds are generally more toxic than the pentavalent ones. APT can cause severe pain and tissue necrosis and is therefore not given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. APT has the actions and uses of AST, but it is less soluble and more irritating than the sodium salt which is therefore more suitable for intravenous use. Trivalent antimony compounds are toxic when used topically. Adverse effects are similar for all trivalent compounds, and include nausea, vomiting, weakness and myalgia, abdominal colic, diarrhoea, and skin rashes, including pustular eruptions. Hypersensitivity reactions also occur. Respiratory symptoms include cough, dyspnoea, and chronic lung changes. Cardiotoxicity is the most important and may produce arrhythmias, myocardial depression and damage, Stokes-Adams attacks, heart failure, and cardiac arrest. Hepatic damage and necrosis, as well as blood dyscrasias, may occur. Toxic effects on the kidney may follow chronic use. Continuous treatment with small doses of antimony may give rise to symptoms of subacute poisoning, similar to those of chronic arsenic poisoning, due to accumulation of antimony in the body, especially if trivalent compounds are used, because of their long biological half-lives. Reproductive disorders and chromosome damage have been reported; antimony compounds are, therefore, potentially toxic to reproduction and have mutagenic, and oncogenic potential. Antimony compounds should, therefore, not be used during pregnancy or in the presence of hepatic, renal, or heart disease. Pentavalent antimony preparations especially the organic compounds, together with non-metallic synthetic preparations, such as the diamidines, have now replaced APT for use in leishmaniasis. Because of the toxicity of antimony compounds, investigations have been undertaken to reduce their adverse effects by combining them with chelating agents. These preparations appear to have reduced the toxic effects of antimony without affecting the efficacy of the preparations. Liposome-encapsulated antimony products have, more recently, been shown to be much less toxic because of the reduced dose of the antimony compound required for effective therapy. The historical uses of antimony were based on the belief that the topical and systemic adverse effects, for example, skin eruptions and diarrhoea and vomiting, were signs that the condition being treated was responding by being brought to the surface to relieve congestion at the diseased area. There is no evidence in topical use, but there is evidence that such use can cause severe reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Toxicity of antimony and its compounds. 330 36


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>