Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A systematic search for cases of adult-onset hereditary ataxia was conducted on location in Scotland. The investigation resulted in the discovery of eight pedigrees with 42 patients of whom 16 were alive in 1975. Nine patients were examined by the authors and recent hospital records were available on the remaining seven. The clinical features were quite variable. In declining order of frequency, findings were gait and limb ataxia, dysarthria, hyperreflexia, extrapyramidal motor disturbances, impaired vibratory sense, spasticity, defects of extraocular movements and nystagmus, reflex depression, Babinski signs, impaired joint position sense, muscle weakness, optic atrophy, and mental abnormalities. Foot deformity occurred only once. Inheritance was compatible with autosomal dominant transmission, but complicated by consanguinity in two families. The minimum prevalence was calculated as 0.31/100,000. Autopsy in two members in one family revealed olivopontocerebellar degeneration.
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PMID:Adult-onset hereditary ataxia in Scotland. 90 33

Cerebral dyspraxia associated with hemodialysis is a progressive, fatal syndrome. Patients suffer from a combination of psychiatric and neurological signs and symptoms. Psychiatric manifestations include anxiety, depression, paranoid ideation, and a progressive dementia with impaired concentration, decreased memory, personality changes, and hallucinations. Neurological findings include deliberate speech, stuttering, dysarthria, dyspraxia of speech and movement, tremulousness, myoclonic activity, asterixis, and seizures. These symptoms are aggravated during and immediately following dialysis. Patients usually die within 6 months of its onset. The etiology is unknown. Treatment efforts have failed to reverse its course. Recognition of this syndrome is highlighted so that informed, critical decisions can be made as to whether to continue dialysis therapy.
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PMID:Clinical and psychological test findings in cerebral dyspraxia associated with hemodialysis. 125 51

Three cases of anterior choroidal artery territorial infarction, diagnosed by computerized tomography, with the triad of hemiplegia, hemianaesthesia and hemianopia, pure motor stroke and ataxic hemiparesis are described. Major and minor (lacular) infarctions in the territory of the anterior choroidal artery involve almost exclusively the basal segment of the posterior limb of the internal capsule and manifest themselves by symptoms of long pathway lesion. Based on the published case reports and the authors' own observations, the complete capsular syndrome characterized by the triad of hemiplegia, hemianaesthesia and hemianopia was differentiated from partial capsular syndromes including the following forms: pure motor stroke, pure sensory stroke, sensorimotor stroke, sensory stroke with hemiataxia, ataxic hemiparesis, dysarthria and/or clumsy hand, and homonymous hemianopia (quadrantanopia or sectoranopia). The characteristic features of the above types of capsular syndromes were analyzed. Distant symptoms of territorial infarctions involving the anterior choroidal artery are transcortical sensory or motor aphasias and construction apraxia in the dominant hemisphere, left side perception failure and visual-construction apraxia in the non-dominant hemisphere, and cerebellar hemiataxia. These distant symptoms are a manifestation of distant cortical or cerebellar metabolic depression due to the mechanism of diaschisis.
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PMID:[Anterior choroidal artery syndromes]. 180 18

Nineteen cases are described, including 12 cases from three different families and 7 nonfamilial cases, in which multisystem neurological disease was associated with acanthocytosis in peripheral blood and normal plasma lipoproteins. Mild acanthocytosis can easily be overlooked, and scanning electron microscopy may be helpful. Some neurologically asymptomatic relatives with significant acanthocytosis were identified during family screening, including some who were clinically affected. The mean age of onset was 32 (range 8-62) yrs and the clinical course was usually progressive but there was marked phenotypic variation. Cognitive impairment, psychiatric features and organic personality change occurred in over half the cases, and more than one-third had seizures. Orofaciolingual involuntary movements and pseudobulbar disturbance commonly caused dysphagia and dysarthria that was sometimes severe, but biting of the lips or tongue was rarely seen. Chorea was seen in almost all symptomatic cases but dystonia, tics, involuntary vocalizations and akinetic-rigid features also occurred. Two cases had no movement disorder at all. Computerized tomography often demonstrated cerebral atrophy. Caudate atrophy was seen less commonly, and nonspecific focal and symmetric signal abnormalities from the caudate or lentiform nuclei were seen by magnetic resonance imaging in 3 out of 4 cases. Depression or absence of tendon reflexes was noted in 13 cases and neurophysiological abnormalities often indicated an axonal neuropathy. Sural nerve biopsies from 3 cases showed evidence of a chronic axonal neuropathy with prominent regenerative activity, predominantly affecting the large diameter myelinated fibres. Serum creatine kinase activity was increased in 11 cases but without clinical evidence of a myopathy. Postmortem neuropathological examination in 1 case revealed extensive neuronal loss and gliosis affecting the corpus striatum, pallidum, and the substantia nigra, especially the pars reticulata. The cerebral cortex appeared spared and the spinal cord showed no evidence of anterior horn cell loss. Two examples of the McLeod phenotype, an X-linked abnormality of expression of Kell blood group antigens, were identified in a single family and included 1 female. The genetics of neuroacanthocytosis are unclear and probably heterogeneous, but the available pedigree data and the association with the McLeod phenotype suggest that there may be a locus for this disorder on the short arm of the X chromosome.
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PMID:Neuroacanthocytosis. A clinical, haematological and pathological study of 19 cases. 199 79

To evaluate the prevalence and clinical features of affective disorders (AD) associated with subcortical ischemic cerebrovascular disease (mainly localized in the deep areas depending from the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries), a prospective clinical study was carried out in 43 patients with lacunar infarctions (LI). It was found that AD were uncommon in these patients (25%) (1/43). The prevalences of depression in the major lacunar syndromes of the series were the following, from more to less common: pure motor hemiparesis (35%) (7/20); dysarthria-clumsy hand (25%) (1/4); pure sensorial syndrome (16.5%) (2/12), and atypical syndromes (no patient). The capsular topography was associated with AD in 32% (7/22); this association was more uncommon in thalamic (15%) (2/13) or pontine (25%) (1/4) areas. AD had a significant predominance (p = 0.027) in the lesions involving the dominant cerebral hemisphere (63.5%), mainly when these resulted in clinically mild or moderate/severe disability. Past history of AD was also significantly associated with depression (p = 0.0018). Our results show that affective disorders in lacunar infarctions are usually associated with: 1) the type of clinical syndrome; 2) the topography of the lesion; 3) the involved cerebral hemisphere; 4) the associate neurological focality, and 5) the previous occurrence of affective disorders.
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PMID:[Affective disorders in subcortical ischemic cerebrovascular pathology. Prospective clinical study of 43 patients]. 213 91

One hundred and twenty-nine cases of Wilson's disease (WD) were assessed at index admission and two follow-ups (F1 and F2) on a range of clinical and biochemical variables. The commonest psychiatric symptoms throughout were incongruous behavior, irritability, depression, and cognitive impairment. Among psychiatric cases, most improvements occurred in the interval index-F1, with subsequent leveling off. Significant improvement occurred only with incongruous behavior and cognitive impairment. Psychiatric cases whose psychiatric symptoms persisted to F2 differed from those who responded, in particular showing more dysarthria, incongruous behavior, and hepatic symptoms. Neuropsychiatric cases displayed more dysarthria and incongruous behavior than patients with neurological symptoms alone. Further evidence for associations between dysarthria and abnormal behavior emerged from this study.
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PMID:Wilson's disease: a longitudinal study of psychiatric symptoms. 237 28

Case S.S. 59 years of age, male. At the age of 25, he had admitted to sanatorium for 7 years because of pulmonary tuberculosis. After his discharge, at the age of 45, he had started complaining of depressive mood or the idea of suicide and admitted to a mental hospital. Psychiatric diagnosis was depression and slight mental retardation. Shortly after, his depressive mood was improved, but his hypochondriac attitude was unchanged. No tendency toward dementia was proven. At the age of 54, he became enable to walk. Neurologically, pyramidal and some sort of extrapyramidal signs, dysarthria, disturbance of swallowing, fecal and urinary incontinence became apparent. Laboratory data showed scarcely any abnormality. At the age of 59, he died of bronchopneumonia. Neuropathologically, moderate degeneration of dentate nucleus, slight degeneration of pyramidal tract from medulla oblongata to spinal cord, striatum, substantia nigra were found. Neither senile plaques nor neurofibrillary changes could be seen throughout central nervous system. The most important finding is the presence of peculiar acidophilic bodies. They are round or oval, 10 approximately 20 mu in diameter and distributed in dentate nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, central grey of midbrain, superior colliculus, putamen, pallidum, subthalamic nucleus, Zona incerta, hypothalamus, Locus coeruleus, reticular formation of midbrain and pons, pontine nucleus, raphe nucleus, vestibular nucleus, inferior olive in order of number of the bodies. These bodies are scattered in so-called ground substance, and have no relations to any cell bodies or cell processes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[An autopsy case with peculiar acidophilic bodies in the dentate nucleus and brain stem, associated with degeneration of the pyramidal-extrapyramidal systems]. 241 58

Two anaesthetic techniques were compared in a randomized trial of 60 ASA I and II women admitted for diagnostic dilatation and curettage of the uterus. Group I had fentanyl 2.5 micrograms/kg and thiopentone 2 mg/kg i.v. Supplementary thiopentone 50 mg was given every 15 s until loss of the eyelid reflex. Anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide in oxygen 2/1 together with supplementary thiopentone 50 mg as required. Group II had midazolam 0.1 mg/kg i.v. and a supplementary 0.025 mg/kg every second min until sleep or dysarthria, followed by paracervical blockade with 1% mepivacaine 10 ml on each side of the portio. There was no significant depression of the cardiovascular system. The working conditions for the gynaecologist were good in both groups. The midazolam technique gave just as good amnesia as did general anaesthesia, and there was a high degree of patient satisfaction in both groups. In the thiopentone group there was a significant depression of the respiratory rate and a significantly higher frequency of adverse effects (nausea and vomiting) as compared to the midazolam group. It is concluded that paracervical blockade combined with midazolam, titrated i.v., until sleep or dysarthria, is a recommendable anaesthetic technique for diagnostic dilatation and curettage.
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PMID:Midazolam combined with paracervical blockade compared to general anaesthesia for curettage of the uterus. 306 45

The antimanic effect of zotepine was investigated in 16 patients with manic-depressive psychosis or manic schizoaffective psychosis. Zotepine markedly improved manic symptoms in 75% and afforded at least slight improvement in all patients studied. However, in 50%, zotepine caused conversion from mania to depression. The most frequent side effects were dysarthria in 50%, parkinsonian symptoms in 33%, dry mouth in 28%, and sleepiness in 28%. EEG abnormalities were noted in 22% of patients. The antimanic effect of zotepine was enhanced by lithium carbonate; however, concomitant use of zotepine and lithium possibly increased the incidence of EEG abnormalities. The conversion-to-depression effect of zotepine was not inhibited by lithium. Overall, the concomitant use of zotepine and lithium may be important in the treatment of manic psychoses.
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PMID:Antimanic effect of zotepine. 308 26

A series of 79 patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID) were divided into 2 groups designated cortical MID and subcortical MID, according to whether the computed tomography (CT) scan showed the presence or absence of cortical infarcts, and an absent to mild or moderate to severe degree of white matter low attenuation (WMLA). Cortical MID was characterized by repeated atherothrombotic and cardiogenic strokes, moto-sensory hemiparesis, a severer degree of aphasia, and abrupt onset of cognitive failure. Subcortical MID typically showed the following features: lacunar strokes, bulbar signs including dysarthria, pure motor hemiparesis, depression and emotional lability. WMLA was found in all patients with subcortical MID but also in over 60% of those with cortical MID. In the 2 groups CT scans showed equal frequencies of deep infarcts. When divided according to severity of WMLA, 92% of patients in the cortical MID group and 44% of those in the subcortical MID group were found to have at least one cortical infarct on the CT scan. Although cortical and subcortical MID differed in several clinical features, they did not show major differences in the risk factors for stroke, and clearly overlapped each other as regards ischaemic scores and the findings in neurological examinations and CT. Thus, it is still an open question whether cortical MID and subcortical MID, including the lacunar state and Binswanger's disease, are 2 distinct entities or merely represent the expression of biological variation while having the same etiopathogenesis.
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PMID:Types of multi-infarct dementia. 363 Jun 35


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