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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Animal studies and the original study comparing buspirone with diazepam and placebo indicated that sedative-hypnotic side effects and impairment in psychomotor function would be less with buspirone than with diazepam. This was borne out by the present double-blind study in which almost 700 patients received buspirone. Mean daily doses were buspirone, 20 mg; diazepam, 20 mg; and clorazepate, 24 mg. Sedation, lethargy, and depression were significantly less with buspirone than with diazepam or clorazepate and were comparable to placebo. There was no indication that other types of side effects would differ significantly from those seen with the benzodiazepines. Nervousness, headache, and dizziness were experienced more frequently with buspirone than with placebo.
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PMID:The side effect profile of buspirone in comparison to active controls and placebo. 613 65

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of zimeldine, a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, in the long-term treatment of depressive disorders. The study was an open label, multicentre investigation involving 147 patients who were suffering from depressive illness and who needed long-term anti-depressant treatment. Sixty-five patients completed the intended treatment period of 1 year, 75 terminated prematurely, and 7 are still in the programme. The reasons for termination were mainly ineffectiveness of the drug and adverse reactions. During the long-term treatment the most common emergent symptoms were, in order of decreasing frequency, dizziness, dry mouth, sleep disorders, sweating, tremor, nausea and headache. The side-effects were, however, mild and they generally decreased during the treatment period. No new adverse symptoms were reported. In the long-term treatment group, body weight showed a slight mean decrease. Clinical chemistry and cardiovascular investigations were judged to show no changes of clinical importance. It is concluded that zimeldine was shown to be a safe drug in this 1-year treatment programme of depression.
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PMID:The safety of zimeldine in long-term use in depressive illness. 623 Aug 89

Sulocton effect was evaluated in 33 patients with symptoms of brain ischaemia during atherosclerosis. Thirty patients received the drug orally for 2 months in doses of 100 mg thrice daily. Three patients discontinued the treatment earlier (two of them discontinued it because of side effects). After two months of treatment a significant improvement was observed in such disturbances important for wellbeing and social contacts as: anxiety and fear, mood depression, disequilibrium of emotion, motivation and initiative. In many patients headaches, dizziness and gait disturbances disappeared or diminished. Sulocton was useful in the treatment of patients with cerebral atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Evaluation of sulocton action in patients with atherosclerotic brain ischemia]. 629 59

The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a complex of symptoms that usually occurs seven to ten days before menses in large numbers of women. These symptoms typically cease during the 24 hours after the onset of menses. PMS affects many areas of the body, with each afflicted woman having her personal set of symptoms. Frequently encountered signs and symptoms include breast tenderness and swelling, weight gain, headache, abdominal cramping and bloating, food cravings, thirst, nausea, joint pain, acne, dizziness, hyperalgesia and one or more psychologic symptoms: irritability, lethargy and fatigue, depression, anxiety, hostility and aggression. Theories relating PMS to hormonal imbalance, vitamin deficiency or psychosomatic aberration have failed to explain this condition fully. Treatments using hormones, vitamins, oral contraceptives or diuretics have failed to relieve all the symptoms of PMS. The prostaglandin (PG) theory proposes that these nearly ubiquitous substances, produced in pathophysiologic amounts in brain, breast, gastrointestinal tract, kidney and reproductive tract, can trigger many of the PMS symptoms. If that is true, then a PG inhibitor could counteract excessive PG production and successfully control those PMS symptoms related to prostaglandin excess or imbalance. Therapy based upon this theory can proceed to the use of PG inhibitors in conservative steps. First, permanent deletion of xanthine-containing beverages (coffee, tea, cola and chocolate) from the diet can reduce nervousness, irritability and breast tenderness. Luteal phase salt restriction, with a mild diuretic used if necessary the last week before menses, adds to this effect. For the 20-25% of women who need more help, either a PG inhibitor or natural progesterone (to oppose the action of PGs), given when PMS begins, brings relief. In women with depressive PMS complaints, small daily doses of an antidepressant may prove helpful.
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PMID:The use of prostaglandin inhibitors for the premenstrual syndrome. 635 May 80

Bepridil, a calcium antagonist with a half-life of approximately 42 hours, was compared with placebo in a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Thirteen men (average age 62 years) with exercise-related angina pectoris and a positive exercise test (modified Bruce protocol) were studied. In the group as a whole, bepridil (400 mg once a day) caused an increased total exercise time (2.6 +/- 1.8 minutes, mean +/- standard deviation), time to onset of angina (3.3 +/- 1.6 minutes), time to 1 mm of ST-segment depression (2.2 +/- 2.3 minutes), time to 2 mm of ST-segment depression (2.4 +/- 1.4 minutes) and total work load achieved (1.8 +/- 1.4 kpm) compared with the preceding placebo phase (all p less than 0.05). Frequency of angina and nitroglycerin consumption were low and did not change significantly during bepridil therapy. Comparison of the 3 placebo periods (run-in, double-blind and washout) did not reveal a change in any measurement except time to onset of angina, suggesting no training effect or change in patient status. Adverse effects were common in patients taking both placebo and bepridil, but only 2 patients had adverse effects (dizziness) with bepridil that necessitated discontinuation of therapy. Similarity of the double product (systolic blood pressure X heart rate) at the end of exercise suggests a decrease in myocardial oxygen demand as the primary mode of action. This study suggests that bepridil is a promising agent for the treatment of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.
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PMID:Effects of bepridil on exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. 636 14

In a Finnish general practice 120 patients with psychosomatic disorders, manifest as syndromes of tension headache, cardiac neurosis, dizziness or muscular tension, were randomly allocated to treatment over a 4-week period with either flupenthixol (1 to 2 mg per day) or diazepam (5 to 10 mg mg per day). The 4 syndromes and 12 associated symptoms (anxiety, fatigue, depression, pain, asthenia, muscle fatiguability, tension, dyspnoea, restlessness, palpitations, sleep disorders, and vertigo) were rated on a 4-point scale on entry, at 2 weeks and at 4 weeks. Both drugs reduced significantly the average total scores for syndromes and single symptoms after 2-weeks' treatment. Flupenthixol was the more effective in relieving fatigue and vertigo; diazepam in relieving headache, anxiety, tension, restlessness and sleep disturbance. Cardiac neurosis, palpitations and general muscular tension responded poorly to both drugs. After 4 weeks, relief of vertigo, pain and fatigue was more evident in the flupenthixol group, and of anxiety, tension and restlessness in the diazepam group. Side-effects were complained of at some stage by 17 patients in the flupenthixol group (9 of fatigue, 5 of sleep disturbance, 1 of constipation, 1 of extrapyramidal symptoms, and 1 of weight gain) and by 16 patients in the diazepam group (10 of fatigue, 4 of sleep problems and 2 of diarrhoea).
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PMID:Flupenthixol versus diazepam in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders: a double-blind, multi-centre trial in general practice. 637 78

Three double-blind, placebo controlled studies found isocarboxazid (40-50 mg/day) to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of atypical depression. The few instances of liver function elevations were generally borderline; one patient had a marked increase of both SGOT and SGPT (with normal bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase) at Week 6 which normalized over the next several months. Another patient had a mild, temporary hypertensive reaction after eating cheese but did not require any treatment alterations. Drops in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures, as well as orthostatic changes, were common but generally mild and well-tolerated. The most frequently noted side effects were dizziness, headache, dry mouth, insomnia, and constipation. Clinical adverse reactions tended to be mild and to respond to dosage decreases. Isocarboxazid appears to be an underutilized and potentially valuable agent for the treatment of depressed patients.
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PMID:Side effects of isocarboxazid. 637 85

A retrospective study of 55 patients with panic disorder referred for psychiatric consultation by primary care physicians is presented. Eighty-nine percent of the patients initially presented with one or two somatic complaints, and misdiagnosis often continued for months or years. The three most common presentations were cardiac symptoms (chest pain, tachycardia, irregular heart beat), gastrointestinal symptoms (especially epigastric distress), and neurologic symptoms (headache, dizziness/vertigo, syncope, or paresthesias). Eighty-one percent of patients had a presenting pain complaint. Hypertension and peptic ulcer were the most common medical diagnoses, and depression and alcoholism the most frequently associated psychiatric diagnoses.
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PMID:Panic disorder and somatization. Review of 55 cases. 637 87

Diclofensine increases the availability of the three neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin by inhibiting their re-uptake into synaptosomes. In a randomized double-blind parallel-group comparative study, a total of 40 patients, some hospitalized (n = 11) and some ambulatory (n = 29), mean age of 39.6 years +/- 12 S.D., with psychoreactive depression were treated for 30 days with 2 X 25 mg/day of diclofensine or with placebo. The assessments of efficacy indicated superiority of diclofensine over placebo. The number of "improved" patients (reduction in the overall depression scores by 50% or better) relative to that of "not improved" patients, was found to be statistically significant (p less than 0.025) on day 10 of treatment. With respect to individual symptoms, anxiety showed a significantly (p less than 0.05) better improvement under diclofensine than under placebo. Side effects were observed in one patient in each group. One patient (diclofensine group) reported a transient slight somnolence, the other (placebo group) reported episodes of transient dizziness. Based on these data it can be concluded that diclofensine is a well tolerated and effective drug for the treatment of symptoms associated with reactive depressions.
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PMID:Therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of diclofensine in psychoreactive depression--a double-blind comparison with placebo. 637 45

Moclobemide (Ro 11-1163), a benzamide derivative, is a MAO-inhibitor which selectively and reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase type A. Thirty-eight patients with episodic, chronic and atypical depressive disorder (DSM-III) were equally randomized to 6 weeks' treatment with either three daily doses of 100 mg moclobemide or 50 mg clomipramine. Both treatment groups improved with time as assessed weekly by the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Clinician's Overall Assessment of Depression State, and there was no interaction between treatment and time. Anticholinergic complaints, tremor and dizziness occurred more frequently on clomipramine, and they were longer lasting and more severe. Because of its low toxicity, good tolerance, its selectivity and reversibility moclobemide may be a better alternative than the older monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
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PMID:Moclobemide and clomipramine in the treatment of depression. A randomized clinical trial. 638 47


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