Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 12-year-old Morgan gelding was examined for colic of 3 days duration. Signs of depression, colic, diarrhea, and endotoxemia persisted despite aggressive medical therapy and surgical exploration. Culture results from gastric fluid and feces yielded many colonies of Clostridium perfringens. This organism also was recovered from peritoneal fluid 10 days after admission; consequently, the horse was euthanized. At necropsy, a localized gas-filled, necrotic stomach wall was found; many mucosal and submucosal gas blebs were visible. Culture of this tissue yielded Clostridium perfringens. Emphysematous gastritis is a fulminant infection of the stomach wall caused by gas-forming organisms that gain access to the submucosa via mucosal defects such as ulcers. This condition has been reported infrequently in people, and the case reported herein represents the first instance of emphysematous gastritis in the horse.
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PMID:Emphysematous gastritis in a horse. 199 93

A phase I clinical study of intravenous Tegafur was conducted in nineteen previously treated patients with primary lung cancer. The dose of Tegafur was elevated from 1.0 to 3.0 g/m2/day for five consecutive days to determine the maximum tolerated dose. The dose-limiting factors were gastrointestinal and neurological toxicity and fatigability observed with the dose level of 2.5 g/m2/day for 5 days. Hematologic, hepatic and renal toxicities were not observed. Gastrointestinal toxicity including nausea, vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea of over grade 2 were seen to result from the dose of 2.5 g/m2/day. Neurological toxicity consisted of headache, dizziness, anxiety and depression. At the dose level of 2.0 g/m2/day, one patient, who had epileptic seizures in the past, experienced a psychomotor seizure. Depression (Grade 2 CNS toxicity) was observed at the dose level of 3.0 g/m2/day. Dose limiting factors were neurological toxicities. The pharmacokinetics of tegafur and 5-FU (the active form of Tegafur) has been studied in all patients. Serum level of tegafur was measured by HPLC method, and serum level of 5-FU was analyzed by GC-MS method. At the dose level greater than 2.0 g/m2/day for 5 days, the mean serum 5-FU values appear over the therapeutic range (0.1 micrograms/ml). In conclusion, 2.5 g/m2/day for 5 days was considered to be MTD, and 2.0 g/m2/day for 5 days intravenous administration was recommended for the phase II trial of single agent chemotherapy.
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PMID:[High-dose Tegafur (FT) for primary lung cancer: a phase I trial]. 201 1

Quality of life of 79 patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer and survived more than one year was evaluated by a questionnaire method. About 90% of patients had a good appetite, taking ordinary solid foods, and 69% were satisfied with the daily amount of foods. About 40% of patients complained of passage disturbance on swallowing, abdominal pain or diarrhea after meal. Fifty seven per cent of patients had frequent episodes of cough and sputum, and 20% were not able to go up the stairs to the third floor because of short breath. Thirty two per cent of patients with recurrent nerve paresis and even 5% without paresis had a trouble in daily conversation. These physical distresses were thought to be useful indicators for the doctor to evaluate the quality of life of patients. Additionally, about 30% of patients had a tendency of mental depression postoperatively. Fifty six per cent of patients who had worked before operation returned to work or were doing a lighter work than before. The psychological factor and social rehabilitation were suggested to be very important, when evaluated from the patient's side. Especially in case of aggressive surgery for esophageal cancer, postoperative quality of life of patients should be carefully considered from the viewpoints of both the patient and doctor.
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PMID:[Quality of life of patients after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer]. 205 79

Among medical clinic patients consulting for IBS, symptoms of psychologic distress are common, and more than half of these patients are found to have a psychiatric diagnosis in addition to bowel dysfunction. Many investigators have therefore concluded that IBS is a psychophysiologic disorder and proposed that patients with IBS be treated with psychologic techniques. However, recent studies suggest that this association may be spurious; persons in the community who have symptoms of IBS but do not consult a doctor have no more psychologic symptoms than persons without bowel symptoms. This indicates that psychologic symptoms do not cause bowel symptoms, but, instead, influence which persons with bowel symptoms will consult a physician. The bowel symptoms and the psychologic symptoms that coexist in most patients with IBS may be best thought of as comorbid conditions. Neither causes the other, but both may be serious enough to warrant treatment. Moreover, in some patients whose bowel symptoms consist of vague complaints of abdominal pain not specifically related to defecation or to changes in the frequency or consistency of bowel habits, the psychologic disorder may be primary. Psychologic stress may exacerbate IBS whether or not the patient has a psychiatric disorder, and psychologic stress may trigger acute episodes of symptoms similar to those of IBS even in persons without IBS. However, the magnitude of this correlation is modest, suggesting that only about 10% of the variation in bowel symptoms is attributable to stress. Psychologically oriented treatments have a role in the management of IBS. Most patients who consult internists about bowel symptoms have significant levels of depression and anxiety, and they tend to notice and to worry about somatic complaints more when they experience these dysphoric affects. Psychologic treatments that reduce the level of their psychologic distress also frequently reduce the frequency and severity of complaints about bowel symptoms. Tricyclic antidepressants may be tried as a first line of treatment; they have been shown to be superior to placebo for the management of abdominal pain and diarrhea but not constipation. In patients who do not show an adequate response to antidepressants, brief psychotherapy focusing on better ways of coping with current problems, hypnosis, or behavior therapy emphasizing methods of controlling reactions to stress are recommended. Controlled trials show these treatment approaches to be superior to medical management alone. It may appear paradoxical that psychologic treatments aimed at the management of emotions are so frequently found to reduce bowel symptoms, because the motility disorder responsible for the bowel symptoms may be unrelated to the psychologic symptoms that influence the patient to seek treatment.+4
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PMID:Psychologic considerations in the irritable bowel syndrome. 206 51

From June 1986 to November 1989, 7 patients (pts.) with transitional bladder cancer were treated with CDDP 70 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and MTX 40 mg/m2 i.v. on days 8 and 15. The initial stage was T2 N0 M0 (2), T2 N0 M0 (8), T4 N0 M0 (4) and T3-4 N+ M0 (3). The median age was 56 years. After a median number of two cycles (1-5) of CDDP-MTX, 3/17 pts. (17.6%) had a complete remission (CM), 9/17 pts. (53%) a partial response (PR) greater than 50%, 4/17 pts. (23.4%) a PR less than 50%, 1/17 pts. (6%) a stable disease. Nausea and vomiting occurred in almost all pts., 20% of pts. had grade 3 stomatitis, 35% of pts. had diarrhoea, 20% of pts. had conjunctivitis, 7% of pts. had a bone marrow depression and hair loss. One patient had severe renal and liver toxicity and grade 4 bone marrow suppression with sepsis, completely controlled after intensive care. The treatment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was: radical cystectomy (11)- in one following radiotherapy -; partial resection + lymphoadenectomy (2); TUR (4) in 1 pt. with lymphoadenectomy. After a median follow-up of 28 months (6-36), 12/17, equivalent to 71% of pts. are disease free, 3/17 (17%) are alive with disease, 2/17 (12%) died. In conclusion the association of neoadjuvant CDDP-MTX can induce a high percentage of response, and can preserve bladder function in some patients. Further controlled trials and a longer follow-up are needed to better define the exact role of this combination in terms of disease free survival, total survival and quality of life.
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PMID:[Neoadjuvant chemotherapy using cisplatin (CDDP) and methotrexate (MTX) in carcinoma of the bladder]. 214 9

Preexistent feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection greatly potentiated the severity of the transient primary and chronic secondary stages of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection. Of 10 FeLV-FIV carrier cats, 5 died of experimentally induced FIV infection, compared with 2 deaths in 10 cats infected only with FeLV and 1 death in 7 cats infected only with FIV. FIV-infected cats with preexistent FeLV infections developed severe depression, anorexia, fever, diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss, and leukopenia 4 to 6 weeks after infection and were moribund within 2 weeks of the onset of signs, whereas cats infected only with FIV developed much milder self-limiting gross and hematologic abnormalities. Pathologic findings in dually infected cats that died were similar to those observed previously in cats dying from uncomplicated primary FIV infection but were much more widespread and severe. Coinfection of asymptomatic FeLV carrier cats with FIV did not increase the levels of FeLV p27 antigen present in their blood over that seen in cats infected with FeLV alone. The amount of proviral FIV DNA was much higher, however, in dually infected cats than in cats infected only with FIV; there was a greater expression of FIV DNA in lymphoid tissues, where the genome was normally detected, and in nonlymphoid tissues, where FIV DNA was not usually found. Dually infedted cats that recovered from the primary stage of FIV infection remained more leukopenic than cats infected with FIV or FeLV alone, and their CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocyte ratios were inverted. One of these cats developed what was considered to be an opportunistic infection. It was concluded, therefore, that a preexistent FeLV infection in some way enhanced the expression and spread of FIV in the body and increased the severity of both the resulting transient primary and chronic secondary stages of FIV infection. This study also demonstrated the usefulness of the FIV model in studying the role of incidental infectious diseases as cofactors for immunodeficiency-causing lentiviruses.
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PMID:Feline leukemia virus infection as a potentiating cofactor for the primary and secondary stages of experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection. 215 26

A nephropathogenic Massachusetts strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) designated H13-IBV was isolated from the kidneys of commercial broilers. H13-IBV caused respiratory distress, depression, and diarrhea in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Gross renal lesions included pale coloration, swelling, and urate deposition. Histologic renal changes were interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration and degeneration and necrosis of tubular epithelial cells. Lesions in respiratory tissues included thickening and edema of the air sacs, congestion of the tracheal mucosa, and frothy serous exudate. Histologic tracheal lesions were deciliation, mucous gland distortion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and squamous metaplasia. Clinically, H13-IBV was highly pathogenic in birds infected at 1 day of age and mildly pathogenic in birds infected at 4 weeks of age. Kidney lesions were of marked severity only in birds infected at 1 day of age. Tracheal lesions were similar in severity in both age groups.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of H13 nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus. 217 77

With the advent of boric acid insecticides, accidental ingestion of the compound can be encountered in animals. Toxic levels of boric acid most commonly cause vomiting, depression, and, occasionally, diarrhea. Boric acid is, however, cytotoxic to all cells. If a sufficiently high level is ingested, seizures, renal tubular nephrosis, and, rarely, hepatotoxicity may be noted. Gastrointestinal evaluation and supportive care are usually of primary therapeutic importance, although in severe cases, exchange transfusion and/or peritoneal dialysis may be required to decrease blood boron concentrations.
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PMID:Toxicology of selected pesticides, drugs, and chemicals. Boric acid. 218 Jan 82

Vitamin B12 deficiency develops over a slowly progressive continuum. Early manifestations may be generalized weakness or fatigue, indigestion, diarrhea, or depression. Pernicious anemia is considered the classic cause, but others include malabsorption because of achlorhydria or other gastric dysfunction, fish tapeworm infection, and strict vegetarianism. Iron deficiency often coexists. Because presentation is often atypical, vitamin B12 deficiency is a diagnostic consideration whenever neuropsychiatric signs or symptoms are unexplained.
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PMID:Vitamin B12 deficiency. Important new concepts in recognition. 220 95

Based on recent epidemiologic studies of functional intestinal disorders, we have attempted to answer the following two questions: a) what is the prevalence of functional intestinal disorder in the Western world, b) are there epidemiologic variations in the different modes of symptomatic presentation of functional intestinal disorders? The overall prevalence of functional intestinal disorders in the Western world ranges between 17 and 23 percent according to the country considered, and is between 14 and 18 percent for the irritable bowel syndrome and 4 to 8 percent for painless constipation. The "irritable intestine" group is characterized by a sex ratio of close to one, a median age near 40, a strong influence of stress on symptoms, and the frequency of complaints such as nausea, vomiting, migraine, and pyrosis. The syndrome is seen in active subjects, who believe that they are "sick", and as such, seek medical advice often. Anxiety and depression are frequently encountered. Patients are often athletes, smokers, and have diarrhea. On the other hand, "painless constipation" is characterized by a high prevalence of women and age over 50. Often these subjects do not have any active professional activity. Stress-related and extradigestive symptoms are rare. They do not consider themselves "sick" and do not seek medical advice very often. Conversely, they use laxatives frequently. Individualization of epidemiologically different groups suggests that the pathophysiology may differ between the two groups and perhaps that there are specific therapeutic and diagnostic approaches accordingly.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of the irritable bowel syndrome]. 221 Jan 92


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